Journal of African Studies
Online ISSN : 1884-5533
Print ISSN : 0065-4140
ISSN-L : 0065-4140
Volume 2004, Issue 65
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • une considération du pratique du médecin traditionelle au Sud-Ouest du Bénin
    Masataka TANAKA
    2004 Volume 2004 Issue 65 Pages 1-18
    Published: December 22, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Une religion traditionnelle appelé vodun est répandue dans le sud du Bénin. Cette religion implique plusieurs divinités qui dirigent et gèrent les activités des hommes. Les vodun, esprit des ancêtres qui se sont transformés en dieux, setransforment également en objets sacrés, qui s'appellent nuwanu (objets façonnés) les séparant ainsi des choses ordinaires (enu) déutilisation quotidienne. Ces nuwanu sacrés sont achetés ou deplacés et ainsi intégrés dans un communautée, une lignée, un clan ou une dynastie. Ce sont les médecins traditionnels appelés bokono qui s'occupent de la circulation de ces objets. Pour eux, c'est une activitée religieuse ainsi que une sorte d' activitée économique. Les bokono sont les guérisseurs, et connaisseurs des herbes, de même que les divins et prophète dans cette région. Cet article se propose d'analyser l'achat et la vente de ces objets sacrés, ainsi que des médicaments et des talismans, pour présenter l'économie politique des bokono. Des études anthropologiques précédentes, fondées sur des théories modernes d'activité économique, ont sévérement critiqué cette pratique de vente d'objets sacrés, interprètant celle-ci comme de l'occultisme ou les effets nèfastes dune libèralisation excessive du commerce. Cependant, dans la sociètè Aja, où l'on croft que les objets sacrés peuvent réaliser tout désir de leur propriétaire, ce matériel est non seulement singularisé mais aussi commercialisé parce qu'il se consiste de diverses marchandises qui sont échangés pour de l'argent. Par conséquent, il ne convient pas un schèma dichotomique entre la singularisation ou la commercialisation dans les études de la culture matérielle ou de la théorie de l'échange. En analysant le discours et l'éconmie des médecins, ainsi que le processus du rite vodun, nous nous concentrons sur la continuitée et la réitération avec lesquelles ils fabriquent et vendent leurs objets. D'après les médecins, faire des affaires du vodun, n'en est pas une profanation mais précisèment une des pratiques religieuses vodun. En conclusion, nous affirmons que les bokono commercialisent les objets sacrés non pas pour rechercher le profit, mais pour établir une relation plus intime entre acheteur (adepte), vendeur (bokono) et objet sacré.
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  • A case study of Irrigated Rice Production in Ivory Coast
    Takashi NANYA
    2004 Volume 2004 Issue 65 Pages 19-35
    Published: December 22, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The demand for rice has been increasing gradually in West African countries, and most of them are becoming more and more dependent on the imported rice.
    Ivory Coast is not exception: it depends as much as 780 thousand tons on the imported rice, which account for 40 per cent of its annual supply in the country. Irrigated rice cultivation, which can expect a high-yield compared to the upland cultivation, has been promoted in inland valley. However, due to the insufficient diffusion of technologies and the problems in maintenance of facilities, it has not yet succeeded in giving the stable production to meet its demand.
    In spite of intensive supports from the international society, African countries continue to suffer from stagnation. It has become clear that the mere strengthening of infrastructure and introduction of modern technologies do not bring about sustainable development.
    In this paper, the first section discusses natural and social factors that influence the behavior of small farmers in the case of small and large-scale development forms respectively. Secondly it examined through participatory methods in view of sustainability, appropriate and adaptable technologies to tackle problems facing the communities that are dependent on irrigated rice production. Finally, it is argued that small-scale reclamation area has an advantage of sustainability over large-scale development area which is managed under the leadership of the government. Organizing farmers into the cooperative in introducing small-scale mechanization (such as power tillers) can be considered as one of the appropriate technologies.
    In order to improve the livelihood of rural society, it is important to empower the abilities of farmers: the major challenge would be, in revisiting human and social resources, how to enable the society to make the best use of these resources.
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  • Potential Applications to Research in the Semi-arid Regions of Northern Kenya
    Akira HIRANO, Xiaogang SUN, Shun SATO
    2004 Volume 2004 Issue 65 Pages 37-44
    Published: December 22, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new breed of digital topographic data for the entire world is now becoming available to the public from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The purpose of this study is to provide a brief introduction of the SRTM, and to advocate its potential use in the semi-arid regions of northern Kenya. The SRTM is a cooperative project between the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) of the U. S. Department of Defense. The mission was designed to produce a seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the Earth's land surface between approximately 60 degrees north and 56 degrees south latitude. DEMs with 3-arc second (90 meters) spacing for the entire world, outside the U. S., are to be provided. The planned horizontal and vertical accuracy of the data are approximately 20 meters and 15 meters, respectively. As of October 2004, preliminary data for the whole African continent are readily available and the final products are on their way. Accurate, reliable and up-to-date topographic data are essential for sound spatial decision support. Until now, such data with an adequate scale and currency have not been available for much of the semi-arid regions of northern Kenya. Results from the assessment of the preliminary data indicate that these new topographic data would have potential applications in topographic mapping, geospatial data visualization, environmental modeling, and the study of the nomads in North Kenya.
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  • [in Japanese]
    2004 Volume 2004 Issue 65 Pages 45-54
    Published: December 22, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    2004 Volume 2004 Issue 65 Pages 55
    Published: December 22, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (110K)
  • 2004 Volume 2004 Issue 65 Pages 69
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (69K)
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