The education system established by colonizers has significantly impacted Citizenship Education (CE) in former colonies. Many African and Asian countries continue to struggle with creating effective CE approaches that are relevant to their contexts, even decades after gaining independence. This study explores the perceptions of local school stakeholders regarding CE in Madagascar. How do curriculum developers and teachers in the rural area perceive CE in their context? How do rural primary and lower secondary school children define and practice citizenship? Fieldwork was conducted in the Itasy region in September 2019. Interviews were conducted with five teachers and several representatives of CE curriculum developers, while a questionnaire was completed by a total number of 50 primary and lower secondary school students. This qualitative research uses the thematic analysis method to analyze the data. Teachers mainly describe the content of Malagasy CE at the primary school level as focusing on ‘knowing to live’ at home and in society. However, at the lower secondary level, the content shifts dramatically to more abstract concepts modeled after French CE and becomes increasingly disconnected from the students’ everyday lives as they progress to higher grades. According to the students, regardless of their academic level, the general comprehension and enactment of good citizenship are associated with demonstrating decent behavior, a notion deeply ingrained in Malagasy culture. Recognizing the disparities between the content taught across various educational levels and the differences between local and foreign values within CE, curriculum developers aim to prioritize the instruction of Malagasy socio-cultural values, which are currently diminishing among young people. Conversely, policymakers and curriculum developers also need to illustrate the implementation of global policies such as global citizenship education, underscoring the challenges associated with implementing a relevant citizenship education in the context of Madagascar.
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