We solve green powder named Salivap Green in the sea-water for the purpose of promoting evaporation when we make salt from the sea-water. To know the relations between the evaporation and the concentration of the solution under natural conditoins, we put the same vessels (diameter 12cm., depth 2cm., depth ofthe solution 15cm.) of four kinds of the solution which concentration of Salivap Green is 1/1000 (A), 1/10, 000 (B), 1/100, 000 (C), and O (water) (D), respectively, on the concrete ground. We measure the temperature of the solutions by the thermocouple and those evaporation by the balance. As is well known, the following expression for the evaporation E is given.
E=f(v, R)(e
s-e)……(1)
where
v is the wind speed,
R depends on the seize and the form of the water surface,
f(v, R) has no definite expression,
es is the maximum vapour tension corresponding to the water temperature, and
e is the vapour tension above the water surface. According to our observations, dense solution has the high temperature and so the evaporation increases by (1). The evaporation ratio (to D) is 1.87 (A), 1.63 (B), 1.17 (C), and 1.00 (D), respectively. The ratio (
es-e) to D is 1.62 (A), 1.35 (B), 1.06 (C), and 1.00 (D), respectively. If we assume be constant, the evaporation ratio must be equal to the ratio (
es-e) by (1), But our observation shows that their discrepancies increase as their temperatures become high. This mean that
f(v, R) increases as the temperature become high. This results from the natural convection by the density difference of atmosphere due to the high water temperature. We, furthermore, examine the absorption coefficient of the solutions for the insolation. The thickness of the bottom of glass vessel is
dg and its absorption coefficient is
kg. If the depth and absorption coefficient of the solution is
d and
k, we have the following expression.
I=I
0e-(kgdg+kd)
Ig=I
0e-kgdg k=-1/dln-I/I
g……(2)
I0,
I is the incident and transmitted ray and
Ig is the strength of the transmitted ray (when the water depth is zero) of glass of the bottom.
k increases slowly as the concentration approches to 10
-5 (C) and thereafter increases abruptly. As regard to the absorption, absorbed energy is
I0 (1-e
-kx).
x, k is the thickness and absorption coefficient of the solution and
I0 is the strength of the incident ray. Then we can see that the effect of raising water temperture is not conspicuous in proportion to the increase of
k when
k is comparatively large.
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