巻号一覧
37 巻 (1981 - 1982)
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37 巻, 4 号
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III. 気候生産力示数と収量の年次変化杉原 保幸, 羽生 寿郎1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 281-287
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous reports, we proposed the index of climatic productivity, Yp, which gives the potential productivity in paddy rice under a given climatic condition and a given technical level in cultivation. This index was judged to be proper as the climatic productivity index from the fact that the high production regions of more than 550kg/10a always kept the Yp values at greater than 780kg/10a. In the present report, we examined the correlation between the year to year variation of Yp and the actual yield, Y, in each region, and further studied the probability of yield prediction in each region by means of modifying Yp.
First, the year to year variations of the Yp index at the mean heading date, Ypm, and the mean yield, Y, in each region were compared for 1965 through 1978 (Fig. 2). The correlation coefficients between Ypm and Y, r (Ypm:Y), were higher than 0.6 in 8 regions out of total 36 regions. The mean temperatures during ripening period in the 8 regions were about 22°C or lower. These regions were located in Hokkaido, a cold district, and in northern parts of Tohoku and Kyushu where rice plants were cultivated during the optimum ripening period. In the regions in which the early varieties were planted and their ripening periods were warmer than 22°C, the correlation coefficients were very small in general.
Next, θo which had been defined as the optimum temperature during the ripening period in the Yp equation was assumed as a parameter variable in each region. Then, the correlation coefficients r (Ypm:Y) were calculated for the various θo. It was found that the θo value having maximum r (Ypm:Y) was different in each region, as shown in Fig. 4. Thus, the following relations were introduced into the Yp equation: (i) parameterization of θo, and (ii) inclusion of the stagnation model (Fig. 5) in the rising tendency of yield by the advance of cultivation techniques. This new model was found to be more useful for the yield prediction (Fig. 7).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (816K) -
1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 288-288,296
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (533K) -
(1) 宇部小野茶園における最低気温分布鈴木 義則, 佐藤 正一, 川尻 佳合1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 289-295
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーThe observational studies of the micro-climate in Ube-Ono tea garden, Yamaguchi, the warm part of Japan, were carried out throughout more than a year. The topographical feature of the experiment site is a conical hill with the elevation of the top 110m, the relative elevation 40m, the area 27ha, the inclination of the slopes 2-9 degrees, and the horizontal distance between the top and the lower part of the hillside 420m in the east. The relationships between the distribution of minimum air temperatures on the slopes and the height above sea level were analyzed for the year of 1980. Remarkable developments of inversion layer were found on the slopes.
Results are summarized as follows:
(1) The temperature difference of minimum air temperature between the top and the lower part of the hillside was the maximum value of 12°C and the average value of 4°C.
(2) Air temperature at the lower part fell below -10°C in winter, in spite of being considered as the warm region of Japan. In April and May, the minimum temperature fell below the freezing point and it was frosted over tea plants. But no frost was recorded on the slopes from the middle to the top in and after April.
(3) The distribution of minimum air temperatures on the slopes became a positive linear function of the height, that is, the inversion relationships were found in almost cases. On the other hand, temperature lapse was rarely found there in the reading system of the lowest value throughout the duration of 7-10 days.
(4) The value of the temperature gradient along the slopes changed with season and weather conditions from the largest value of 3.1°C·10m-1 in late spring to the lowest value of -0.5°C·10m-1 in summer. These seasonal changes of temperature gradient were caused by the change in the amount of effective radiation, and influenced secondly by the wind velocity.
(5) With a view to predicting the grade of temperature gradient along the slopes practically, it is suggested to use the relationship that the positive temperature gradient, or the grade of inversion becomes large as decreasing of relative humidity of the preceding day, under conditions of almost same air temperatures.
(6) Some injured tea plants in the lower parts and the bottom of the east slope were supposed to be caused by the cold air layer developed in winter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (927K) -
中山 敬一, 中村 彰宏1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 297-302
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーThe model of Priestley and Taylor (1972) for evaporation from saturated surface was examined in a radish field. This model contains a parameter (α) corresponding to a multiple of the equilibrium evapotranspiration. Since α is affected by some meteorological factors, it is important to make clear the characteristic of α in relation to these factors. In this paper, the characteristic of α is focused on relativity to the net radiation and the air temperature. The results can be summarized as follows:
The amount of evapotranspiration calculated by using daytime meteorological data agreed closely with that measured by the lysimeter. However, the calculation by using 24 hour data was underestimated. It seemed that the underestimation depended greatly on the decreasing net radiation caused by long wave radiation exchange at night time.
A seasonal variation of α which was calculated by using measured evapotranspiration and meteorological data was examined. The seasonal variation of α which was calculated by using daytime data cannot be recognized. However, α which was calculated by using 24 hour data increased after around October apparently. This increase in α was due to the rate of decreasing net radiation which was defined by Eq. (4). In case of use of α modified by Eq. (4), even if 24 hour data is used, the calculation is not underestimated.
Finally, α in the case of daytime data was modified in connection with air temperature. The results indicated that α was affected very little by air temperature. The use of modified α brought about the rise of accuracy by only 0.8%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (663K) -
小倉 祐幸1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 303-308
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリー連棟ハウスの昼夜の純放射および地熱流を測定した。
(1) 放射蓄熱比: 日中の地中への熱流の純放射に対する比は遮光下で大きくなる傾向を示し, 土壌水分が多い場合に0.5以上の高い値がえられた。
(2) 放射放熱比: 夜間の純放射の地中からの熱流に対する比はおおむね0.8前後を示し, 対流熱伝達分は0.2程度と比較的少ないことが推定された。
(3) 地熱流量と, 地表と-1cmの地温差とは比較的よい比例関係にあることが判った。湿潤な火山灰床土の熱伝導率として0.4～0.5kcal/m・hr・℃がえられた。
(4) 夜間, 床面の対流熱伝導率を, 地表温と室温との温度差と, 純放射と地熱流との差から求めた対流熱とにより求めた。二重被覆連棟ハウスの代表的な値として1.7kcal/m2・hr・℃がえられた。
(5) 内外気温差と地熱流の関係図から, 設計地熱流を若干大きく見直すことを提案した。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (649K) -
2. 昭和55年東北地方に発生した冷害時への適用例卜蔵 建治, 山下 洋, 鈴木 哲夫1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 309-315
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーUsing the original infrared digital data of GMS, we obtained the distribution of equivalent black body temperature of the land surface of Tohoku District in the cold summer in 1980 and examined the locality of rice-plant damage caused by cool air mass in that summer.
Obtained results are as follows:
1. There is a close relationship between the distribution of paddy rice index and the trajectory of cold maritime air mass, what we call “Yamase”, in the northern Tohoku District.
2. Inspection of the data derived from the extensive observations without discontinuity make clear the relation between the low temperature area caused by “Yamase” and the damaged area as well as the relation between the trajectory of “Yamase” and orographic features.
3. During the prevailing period of “Yamase”, the sensible heat supply from ground surface in daytime is too small to bring about the upward motion in cloud layer, while the increase in horizontal momentum is significant in the cloud layer.
4. It is confirmed that the clouds caused by “Yamase” attain the coastal region of the Sea of Japan crossing over the Oou Mountains. The accurate prediction of this phenomenon is likely to be of great importance so as to prevent the cold summer damage.
5. In the southern Tohoku District, cloud formation due to Baiu-front activity makes it insufficient to detect the low-level “Yamase” current using the data of the observation from space.
6. The data of vertical temperature profile radiometer are needed to analyze “Yamase” advecting in lower layer.
7. This is the first time for the area damaged owing to “Yamase” in cold summer to be investigated using the GMS data. Accumulation of the case studies like this will hopefully help us to make out more accurately what the relation between the damaged area and the trajectory of “Yamase” is all about.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2579K) -
小国 研作1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 317-322
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (678K) -
根山 芳晴1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 323-328
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (810K) -
市川 正夫1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 329-332
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (512K) -
白井 清恒1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 333-335
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (320K) -
櫻谷 哲夫1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 337-338
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1900K) -
真木 太一, 牧野 勤倹1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 339-341
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (3376K) -
高倉 直1982 年 37 巻 4 号 p. 343-349
発行日: 1982/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (6975K)
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