巻号一覧
45 巻 (1989 - 1990)
- 4 号 p. 217-
- 3 号 p. 137-
- 2 号 p. 87-
- 1 号 p. 1-
45 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
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関 平和, 小森 友明1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 217-226
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリー代表的な保水性を有する温室土壌を温水循環方式によって加温する場合, 土壌内の温度及び含水比分布が時間的にどのように変化するかを Philip & deVries モデルに基づいて理論的に予測した。熱・水分の移動物性値は, 温度と含水比の近似関数で表した土中水のマトリックポテンシャルと幾っかの実験定数に基づいて系統的に推算した。無栽植条件の下で, 温水温度Tlを30℃, 40℃, 50℃として数値シミュレーションを行ったところ, Tlが高いほど温水管付近の乾燥速度が大きくなること, 乾き上がりは管壁のごく近傍に限られることが予測された。ここに示した計算結果は, 温室土壌の加温計画立案のための有用な情報となるであろう。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1125K) -
長谷場 徹也, 相原 研二, 守屋 公二, 西川 敦, 伊藤 代次郎1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 227-234
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーテストセクションの断面が25×25cm2の正方形で, 長さが20cmである熱対流方式の微速風洞を試作し, 流速が10から130cm・sec-1の範囲で, 乱れの強さが0.02以下の層流気流を作ることができた。
この風洞を用いて, 微風域における模型葉面の水蒸気輸送係数の特性を調べた。実験は, 一定寸法の面の蒸発面温度と気温との差を変えた場合, ならびに蒸発面温度と気温との差を一定にして, 面の寸法を変えた場合について行った。
輸送係数の実測値は層流強制対流理論値より大きかった。微風域における水蒸気輸送係数を, Aspect Ratio(面の気流方向の長さと幅との比), Grashof 数及び Reynolds 数との関数として求めた。
これより, 微風域において, 模型葉の境界層輸送係数が強制対流輸送係数より大きくなる原因は, 面上の自由対流ならびに面の周縁における移流による輸送の増大であることが明らかにされた。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (904K) -
卜蔵 建治1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 235-242
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーThe meteorological observation has been conducted in order to figure out the actual situation of fog and stratus spread under the inversion layer of Yamase.
Since the advective flow from the Pacific Ocean is intercepted by Mt. Hachiman (1022m high) in Aomori Prefecture, the grazing land which is located on the slope of its eastern side was selected and two fixed observation points were set up: one (100m) is in the grazing land and the other is at the mountain district (880m).
Travelling observations between these two points were also carried out by the car to measure solar radiation and dry and wet bulb temperatures.
During the observation period (June 24-July 2, 1988), one or two layers inversion were recognized under the height of 1, 500m from the aerological data at Misawa.
There is a good correspondence between the vertical profile of air temperature at Misawa and the data of air temperature obtained at two fixed points.
When the depth of the inversion layer is shallow, the most part of the grazing land is above the layer and it has been found out that not only air temperature but also solar radiation is enough to vegetate.
When the depth of inversion layer is deep and the land is in the layer, the solar irradiation is higher along with the altitude, because the radiation path through the fog and stratus is shorter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4868K) -
青野 靖之, 小元 敬男1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 243-249
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーBlooming dates of Prunus yedoensis at 38 sites are estimated by using “the number of days transformed to standard temperature (hereafter referred as DTS)” for the 25 year period starting 1961. The sites are all located at or in the vicinity of the meteorological observatories of Japan Meteorological Agency. The standard temperature for DTS in this study is chosen 25°C, for the temperature characteristic Ea, a value [71.1kJ mol-1] is used for all stations. Both of these values are the same as those in our previous paper, although CGS unit was used before.
It is shown that by this first estimation RMS errors of estimated blooming dates fell within a range 1-3 days except for stations in regions of southern coasts of Kyushu Is. and Izu Is. An attempt of reducing errors, in the first place, readjustment of accumulated DTS was made. This enable us to reduce RMS error up to 0.5 days from the previous computations. But this approach was not very effective at southern stations. Large RMS error in these warm regions seemed to be due to incomplete transition of rest break or large interannual variation of this process. An adjustment of estimation of blooming date at southern sites is made by applying the concept of chill-unit which is the weighted hour corresponding to the effectiveness of chilling to rest completion. It is shown that this procedure reduced RMS error of blooming dates to 2.32 days from 6.64 days at Hachijo Is., and at all stations in warm regions the error reduced to about 2 days.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2262K) -
1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 250
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (177K) -
大政 謙次1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 251-257
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of air pollutants on stomatal aperture and epidermal cells of attached sunflower leaves were observed with a remote-control light microscope system that permitted continuous observation of stomatal responses over periods of several hours. The relationship between actual stomatal opening and the stomatal conductance, measured with a porometer, was examined at different leaf ages.
The stomatal closure was observed during the exposure of SO2+NO2+O3 in low concentrations (0.1 to 0.2μl·l-1). There was a tendency for the extent of closure to increase in rise of concentration and mixture of these pollutants. The stomatal response to high concentration O3(1.0μl·l-1) fluctuated in the region at a distance from veinlet because of stomatal opening induced by water-soaking. The transient opening was less common in stomata near veins and veinlets.
There was a good correlation between actual stomatal opening and stomatal conductance in the same area of the leaf. However, the regression curves varied with the leaf age.
The results of these experiments indicate the necessity of continuous observation of individual stomata under the microscope to understand the effects of air pollutants on stomatal behavior.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6120K) -
大政 謙次, 丸山 幸夫1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 259-264
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of water stress on stomatal aperture and epidermal cells of attached sunflower leaves, were observed with a remote-control light microscope system. The relationships between stomatal movements and changes in water potential, turgor potential and osmotic potential of attached leaves were examined.
The leaf water deficit was caused by ice water perfusion to roots and the recovery was performed by 20°C water perfusion. After the ice water perfusion the stomata immediately opened with severe turgor loss and hollow of epidermal cells, and then it rapidly closed. The severe water deficit (leaf water potential: -0.5 to -1.3MPa) produced complete closure of stomata but the slight water deficit (-0.5 to -0.8MPa) caused incomplete closure and immediate recovery after 20°C water perfusion. The hollow of epidermal cells indicated a time point of 0MPa turgor potential.
Changes in leaf water potential above -0.8MPa during water deficit and its recovery were regulated by turgor potential and those below -1.0MPa were caused by osmotic potential. In the range of -0.5 to -0.7MPa leaf water potential and 0.4 to 0.15MPa leaf turgor potential, the stomatal movements were controlled by changes in turgor potential in epidermal cells as well as that in guard cells relating to K+ transport.
The results of these experiments indicate the necessity of continuous observation of individual stomata by the microscope under the measurement of water potential, turgor potential and osmotic potential to understand the effects of water stress on stomatal behavior.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4175K) -
浜本 浩, 中村 浩1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 265-269
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリー市販のポリプロピレン製べたがけ資材を用いて, べたがけが表層土壌の環境と作物の出芽に及ぼす影響を調査した。べたがけは地温を上げ, 土壌水分の低下をゆるやかにしたが, これらの傾向は晴天日で顕著であった。さらに, べたがけは表層土壌を膨軟に保った。べたがけは秋まきホウレンソウの出芽を概ね促進したが, 促進の程度は, は種後, 被覆の環境改善効果が顕著な晴天の続いた場合に大きくなった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4037K) -
大政 謙次, 田島 彰, 宮坂 佳代子1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 271-275
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーThermography, which is a method for obtaining surface temperature, was used to diagnose street trees. Leaf temperature provides physiological information about processes such as stomatal movement, transpiration, CO2 uptake, and air pollutant absorption under steady-state thermal environments. Actually, the effect of environmental stress on zelkova trees on Aobadori St. in Sendai city was evaluated from the difference between temperatures of trees. Also, the recovery after pruning branches, and painting with mud and injecting nutrition to the trunk of a damaged tree was diagnosed from the spatial difference of leaf temperature. The use of both thermography and portable porometer makes a precise diagnosis of street trees possible.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2285K) -
桜谷 哲夫1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 277-280
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーIn order to apply, to rice plant, a stem heat balance method for measuring the mass flow rate of sap in the stem of plants, we improved our original gauge in the sensitivity. In the reformed gauge, we used a heater of 8mm in width which was shorter by 2mm than that of the original one and a miniaturized heat flow sensor in which the thermal resistance was provided by an element consisting of a double side tape and an aluminum foil.
The accuracy and the reliability of the reformed gauge were tested by comparing sap flow rate of a potted rice plant measured by the gauge and transpiration rate by the weighing method. The results indicated that the heat balance method was able to be applied to the stem of rice plant with accuracy of the order of ±10% under medium or high flow, using the modified gauge.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K) -
楊 桂清, 甘 舜徳1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 281-285
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (587K) -
鈴木 義則, 早川 誠而, 日下 達朗, 宇都宮 宏, 田中 秀平, 丸本 卓哉1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 287-290
発行日: 1990/03/10
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (566K)
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