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Volume 7, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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K. TAKEDA1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 1-3
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA few years ago the author remarked in this Journal that in his and in Best's temperature profile measurement in the lowest layers of the atmosphere a systematic deviation from logarithmic law was observed. But as a precise wind velocity measurement was not simultaneously made then, the deviation could not be attributed to any reasonable source. Recently Pas will has published many simultaneous measurements of wind velocity, absolute humidity and air temperature in which the same systematic deviation from logarithmic law as described above is shown not only in temperature profile but also in wind and humidity profiles. This makes us expect that the deviations are due to a single source-probably, turbulence. Thus the author tries to explain the deviation in humidity profile by turbulence and shows a close agreement between the theory and the Pasquill's experiment both in stable and unstable atmospheres. But as regards temperature profile a systematic discrepancy between the theory and the Pasquill's experiment is found out in unstable condition though a close agreement is obtained in stable case. The disagreement may be due to radiation (e. g. the radiative transfer by Brunt) or a buoyancy term recently introduced by Priestley and Swinbank, but a closer computation is transfered till a next article.View full abstractDownload PDF (546K) -
M. KUSAKABE1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 4-6
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author inquired into the seasonal change of soil moisture, by the data of routine observation at Owada, in 1948-1950. Under the influence of icepillar, the monthly mean of soil moisture in earth surface are very great in Jun and Feb., and they decrease in Spring. The second maximum in Jun. is the consequence of rainy season of “Bai-U.” In earth surface, the minimum of soil moisture appears in Jul. or Aug., then they increase gradually, and in winter they are in the most wet condition.
The seasonal change of soil moisture of 5, 10 and 20cm. depth resemble each other. They are wet in winter, and dry in summer, and the second maximum observed in Jun. But the annual range in these layer is not so great, as in earth surface. Some seasonal change is recognised in 50 or 100cm. depth, but for want of data, the author can not discuss in defail.
The author drawed the annual and monthly frequency curve of soil moisture. The monthly curvse of earth surface are classified in 5 typs, and those of 5 and 10cm. depth in 3 typs. In earth surface, the mean value of soil moisture are not coincide with the mode, but in 5 and 10cm. depth, they resemble each other.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Y. DAIGO, E. MARUYAMA1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 7-8
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated about the effect of this protection against cold by covering it with the straw-matting at Owada-cho, in Saitama prefecture, from December 1950 to January 1951. Having covered the one of the two trees, whose diameters are 15cm, with the straw-matting and the other uncovered, we measured minimum temperature of trunk surfaces at 70cm height respectively. Its result is shown inTable 1.
The relation between the temperature of the matted trunk (y) and the temperature of the uncovered trunk (x) is as the following equation. (see Fig. 1)
y=1.85x0.87
From the relation between (y-x) and x, in the Fig. 1, it was made clear that the effect of straw matting is most eff cacious when the temperature of the uncovered trunk is -6°C.
The relation between the minimum temperature of the matted trunk (y) and the minimum air temperature at the meteorological observation field (x) is shown as follows; (see Fig. 2.)
y=0.30+1.06x.
By using this formula, the temperature of matted trunk is almost presumed from the air temperature at the meteorological observation field, and by it, it can be known whether the trunk needs more strawmatting or not.View full abstractDownload PDF (249K) -
H. UMETANI1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 9-10
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a result of the consideration on the dryness of the soil surface, the following formula is obtained
y=y0e-Φ(T)t
where, y is the soil moisture content on the soil surface, T the temperature of the soil surface, t the time measured counted by day in this case and y is a constant.
From the data of the soil moisture content (1947-1950) except for the freeing periods at the Owada, Saitama, the following empirical formula is obtained by the least squares
Φ(T)=1/10e-3.39+0.0T
Using these results, it will be able to estimate the soil moisture content of the soil surface during the non-precipitation periods.View full abstractDownload PDF (297K) -
S. SUZUKI1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 11-12
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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(1) The relation between thermal diffusibility and percolationK. YABUKI1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 13-14
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the author studied on the relation between percolation and thermal diffusivtiy at paddy fields.
The percolation of paady fields was measured by the lysimeter newly designed. (see Fig. 1.)
1. The thermal diffusivity of percolated soil fields increases monotonously with the increase of percolation. The relation may be represented by β2=0.00285+6.08p
=α2+5.08p (see Fig. 2.)
where β2: virtural thermal diffusivity, α2: thermal diffusivity, p: velocity of percolation.
2. The amplitude of diuraal veriation of the ground temperature decreasess with the velocity of percolation. (see Fig. 3)View full abstractDownload PDF (341K) -
(1) On the way to preventionsY. TSUBOI1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 15-16
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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S. SUZUKI, Y. YOSHIDA, T. ARAI1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 17-18
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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H. SHINOHARA1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 19-20
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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(1) Some observations on the formation of dewT. ARAI1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 21-23
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth of dew formed on a glass-surface cooled by a freezing mixture was examined under varying conditions, the main results of which are as follows.
1. The does not appear if the cooling surface is confined within a small box.
2. When the surrounding air is colder than the glass surface, the dew does not form on it though the fog becomes conspicuously visible in the air.
3. The derv formation does not seemingly enhance the evaporation from the water vessel placed near the glass surface. But when the circulation of a weak air current sets in and brings the moist air above the cooling surface, the dew is observed to deposit and causes water to evaporate to a greater extent.
4. Though the cooling rate is kept the same, the enclosed glass surface always shows lower temprature than the open one and varies very little. It is however a remarkable fact that the dew forms on the former surface in very small quantity compared with the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 23
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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(2) The dew traces on sooted papersT. ARAI1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 24-26
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDew and frost leave their traces on the sooted paper, when it is exposed to the nightly open air. This method made it possible for the writer to obtain a number of dew images made on various kinds of paper. And to bring about many interesting results.
The writer arranged in grades several sorts of paper according to the degree of qualification of the dew recorder.
The dew drop sametimes grows so large as to have a diameter of 1cm long during many hours. It is believed that the capillary action of the paper tissue can fully explain not only the formation of this large drop, but also many other features of dew images in the sooted paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (551K) -
Y. KIMURA1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 27-29
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter the former report, I researched on the topographical deviation of prevailing easterlies in Aomori Prefecture during June, 1949 and obtained following results.
(1) The mean wind directions (=x) of prevailing eastelies in June at iespctive five Pacific coastal points are almost the east as in table 1.
(2) From the wind direction of the inland point corresponding to the coastal base point for the prevailing easterlies (=NE+ENE+E+ESE+SE) calculated by the method in table 2, the two vaules are derived: the standard deviation (=s) of the deviation of winds in angle and the difference of mean wind direction (=x) deviated at the inland point to the coastals as shown in table 3.
(3) Making figure 1 with x-difference and s of deviated prevailing easterlies, and comparing the A, B and C groups in the former report, I considered that the prevailing easterlies deviate generally to south on the east side and to north on the west of the backboned mountain system of “Ou”, having probably the largest topographical effect in Aomoti Prefecture, by reason of the easterlies takes a roundabout route of the mountain system as shown in figure 2.
(4) The larger the x-difference, the larger the s in general. The points having the larger two values are more apart generally to westward in the inland from the Pacific Coast of Aomori Prefecture.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
K. CHUMAN1951 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 30-32
Published: December 31, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) I investigated the damage of sweet potato in the southern coastal region of Kagoshima caused by sea water which was brought by the typhoon Grace on 19 to 20, July, 1950.
2) During this typhoon the amount of rain fall in the southern region of Kagoshima was very little in the first half and much in the latter half of the duration of the typhoon.
3) In this region the brine was so concentrated as to do damage to the crop by the subsequent heavy rain-fall, while in the region far from the coast the brine was not only dilute, but washed away by the rain before it caused damage. This seemed to be the reason why the damage was restricted in the southern coastal region.
4) Against the briny-wind, the leaves of sweet potato were less resistant than the wines. No injury was found on the roots, this may be due to the fact that the roots did not to the surface by the heavy rain.
5) Owing to the small number of varieties observed, varietal difference of the damage was not determined, but as regards the power of recovery, Norin No. 9 seemed to be much strong.
5) The degree of injury had much to do with the time of planting and consequently the rate of growth.
The later the time of planting was, the more the damage was.
7) In so far as the present investigation was concerned, no distinct relation between the direction of the ridge and the degree of damage was found.
8) Damage was found to be reduced, in either wide or narrow range, on the leeward of such protection as slight elevation of the land, tea-plants planted around the field, windbreaks, lodges, and taros or soy-beans planted amony sweet potatoes.
9) It is considered that the permanent measure to avoid the damage of briny-wind is to install the wind-breaks such as wood or fence.
10) Planting of other crops which straw or stem is taller among sweet potato or between ridges, and determination of adequate time of planting and putting to use the ditch of ridge and direction of ridge will serve as a temporary measure to reduce the damage in question.View full abstractDownload PDF (2303K)
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