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Volume 9, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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(1) About rainfall and soil erosion in springK. MATSUOKA, M. KAWAKAMI1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 4-6
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNo concrete study on soil erosion concerning the grass land was ever made in Japan. I began, therefore, some experiments in 1952 with the object for clarifying the effect at grass land and rainfall have on soil erosion at the grass land of 13 chobu (1 chobu is about 2.45 acres), 25-40° gradient, east-faced steep hill-side and ecological analysis was made on the growth of grass of the natural grass land. Pleioblastus variegatus. was predominent, then Miscanthus sinensis. and Carex brunnea, grew thick and Lespedeza Cyrtobotrya. Themeda triandra. Cymbopogon goeringii. and Rhododendron dilatatum. Rhododendron reticulatum. too, were witnessed to grow in group throughout the land.
A concrete dam was made just where rain water ran away and water volume at the time of rainfall and the volume of soil erosion were measured there. The soil erosion at the grass land due to rainfall rapidly increased at the earlier stage of rainfall, decreased a little, and then increased. It was the same condition that the increase of water had on soil erosion. Soil erosion incereased after rainfall and decreased a little about 2 hours later when the rainfall was 7-19mm, its intensity 1-3.5mm per hour, and the water volume dropped most 6-8 hours after rainfall. The reason why soil erosion increased at the earlier stage of rainfall, decreased a little later, and then increased again, could be explained at that weathered and collapsed surface soil eroded first, letting the next surface soil to settle and then the next surface soil collapsed and began to erode.
The same phenomena could be obtained as to the running water volume from the grass land. This might be explained because the growth of plants on the grass land had very close relation with the gathering of decayed plants material.View full abstractDownload PDF (494K) -
T. Chiba1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 7-10
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper the author described mainly the specil quality of peat-bog and considerated the method of researches on the duty of water. Observations were carried out at the experimental rice-fields at Iwamizawa, Bibai and Kotoni in Hokkaido. Duty of water was counted every decade from percolation, evaporation and transpiration.
Evapotation and transpiration were estimated by formulae (1)-(5) from fall of water in some pots in the rice field; in half the number of the pots were soil, water and two rice-plants and in the other were only soil and water.
Apparent percolation was taken as the difference between fall of water in the rice-field and evaporation from the rice-field surface, and leakage of water through the raised foot-path between rice-fields was eliminated by measuring percolation with a cylinder without bottom. For instance, the more water in irrigation canal decreased the more the apparent percolation in the rice-field increased, on the contrary the more the water increased the more the percolation decreased, because the apparent percolation included leakage of water through the raised foot-path between rice-fields. When the percolation was maximum, that is, when the water in the irrigation canal was minimum, true percolation (in vertical direction) was 2/3 the volume of the apparent percolation. The maximum percolation decreased gradually as the ground became hard (Fig. 2). Percolation also was affected by the ground water level. In Fig. 3 as the culvert was closed at relief well, the lower parts of the rice-fields had higher level of ground water, and at (5) (Fig. 3) water leaks to the farm at a great rate and it seemed that the lowest part of the rice-field adjoinning a farm had a considerably lower ground water level.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K) -
S. SATO1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 11-12
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the plain district of Kyushu, the climate is almost subtropical in summer season.
For the paddy rice, low field-temperature depending on continuous irrigation with running-water is more favorable than high temperature based on stagnant water.
At the beginning of running-water irrigation, the soil-temperature instantly follows the water-temperature and becomes lower, while it continues lower for a week or so after the stopping of this irrigation, compared with that in the field with stagnant water.
Accordingly, the running-water irrigation should be ended some days before the artificial control of temperature becomes unnecessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (311K) -
TOMIO ASAKAWA1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 13-16
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The climate of Nagano city belongs to that of inner Japanese type; therefore especially in winter, much cloudiness, moisture, snow, and warmth are observed.
2. The city has the character of city climate; concerning atmospheric temperature, humidity, frost, wind, fog, and the like, there is a very distinctive difference between in and out of the city.
3. What the author calls “the atmospheric currents of the Susobana” goes through the center of the city from west to east, causing a great influence upon the atmospheric temperature, humidiy, wind, frost, etc the city.View full abstractDownload PDF (735K) -
SHIGEKI KOBAYASHI1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 17-19
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe area concerned which is adjacent to the city of Okaya is situated at the outlet of lake Suwa comprises the beginning part of the Valley of Tenryu and its eighboaring mountains. According to K. MISARA's article which was published more than 20 years ago and which reveals that the bending direction of a rice plant indicates the prevailing wind in autumn at the locality, the writer measured the bending direction of this crop this autumn and drew them in the map of 1:10000 which is shown in Fig. 2. It is indeed natural that at the Valley bottom prevail SW winds since Valley Tenryu runs in NE-SW direction, but it is eurious enough to find that there exist conspicuous western winds not only at both valley walls but also at the several alluvial fans in front of them.
In order to investigate the cause of prevalence of these western winds there, the writer furthermore observed the bending direction of the plant as far as in the surrounding region of Fig. 2, and drew them in Fig. 1, the rectangle in which corresponds to the area of Fig. 2. In this map he learned that SW winds exclusively prevail not only in the Suwa Basin, on both foothills of the Shioziri Pass but in the Ina Valley as well, and has ascertained that no wind blows into this area except the SW winds from the Ina Valley, which are the cause of the seasonal winds at the Valley bottom of Fig. 2.
According to the mechanical observations at the Kirigamine Weather Station situated at the summit of Vol. Kuruma-yama, the height of which is 1952m above sea level, however, the direction of the seasonal wind at the locality is S and SSW all through the year*. It is, therefore, not difficult to suppose the prevalence of southern winds in the air of the same height of Vol. Kurumayama also in the region of Fig. 1, even though SW winds prevail near the earth's surface by reason of the terrestrial modification, and it is also easy to infer the seasonal wind of the same direction over the area of Fig. 2, against which the upper part of the western ridge becomes a favourable screen. Since the wind velocity generally increases exceedingly in proportion to the height, it seems that the southern winds thus stroke against this precipitous valley wall blow downwards into the tributary valleys consequently eroding it to become the western winds in question, and these western winds further run upwards in the tributary valleys similarly growing in the opposite wall of Valley Tenryu, since this eastern valley wall is perfectly screened by the interfluve mountain ridge from the southern seasonal winds in the air.
* (the long arrow drawn at the summit of this volcano indicates the direction of the seasonal winds there.)View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 19
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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T. FUJIKAWA1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 20-22
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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Problems on the temperature arising from the stand point of agricultural physicsY. MIHARA1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 23-26
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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Problems on the cold water in paddy fields in the eyes of the ricecultivationM. TANAKA1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 27-30
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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Problems on the cold irrigation water in the land reclamation practicesY. HUKAKURA1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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On the water temperature of the river of OtaN. NISHINA1953 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 37-39
Published: December 10, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (462K)
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