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Volume 24, Issue 1
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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BENEDIKT L. ZIEGLER, CHRISTIAN A. THOMAS1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo identify possible retrovirus related synovial antigens the immunohistochemistry of rheumatoid synovial tissues was performed. Paraffin-embedded synovial tissues (group 1) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied with an immunogold technique using monoclonal antibodies against p17 and p24 of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I). Immunoreactivity for HIV-I p17 and p24 antigens was detected in 52% and 54% (n=23) of the paraffin-embedded RA specimen, respectively. Immunofluorescence examination of fresh rheumatoid synovial tissues (group 2) revealed reactivity in 60% (n=10) of the cases. RA patients (group 2) whose synovial tissues were reactive by immunofluorescence were seronegative to HIV-I antigens as determined by ELISA and immunoblotting. In one case, reactive tissue processed for immunoelectron microscopy utilizing the immunogold technique, a virus-like structure HIV-I p1. (diameter of 100nm) with an electron-dense core surrounded by a membrane was labeled with antibody to HIV-I p17 reactive electron-dense particles similar in size but lacking membranous structures were also detected in the cytoplasm of 2 different rheumatoid synovial tissues. HIV-I related antigens can be detected in the majority of the rheumatoid synovial tissues in the absence of circulating antibodies to HIV-I. We conclude that HIV-I related antigens might play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.View full abstractDownload PDF (12595K) -
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS WITH ANTIBODIES AGAINST GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN, GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE AND S-100 PROTEINHIDENOBU TANAKA, MASASUKE ARAKI, TOSHIO MASUZAWA1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 11-19
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDamages to selected pathways of the limbic system, such as the transection of the rat fimbria, result in some of the best characterized and robust sprouting responses in the central nervous sytem. We have studied astrocyte alteration after fimbrial transection of the rat septo-hippocampal pathway with immunohistochemical technique. Three markers were investigated with specific antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamine synthetase (GS) and S-100 protein. When examined after 8-14 days post-lesion, GFAP immunostaining showed the most drastical response to fimbrial transection, whereas with S-100 protein-positive astrocytes, there was no conspicuous difference between the lesioned and control (corticotomized without fimbrial transection) animals. GFAP-positive or GS-positive astrocytes seemed to increase more in number in CA1 of the hippocampus than in CA3, but they did not localize in the same strate of the hippocampus. S-100 protein-positive astrocytes increased slightly in number similarly both in CA1 and CA3. In the septum areas, GFAP-positive astrocytes appeared to increase in number both in the lateral and medial septum nuclei, but GS-positive or S-100-positive astrocytes increased only in the lateral septum nucleus. These observations indicate that the three astrocyte-specific proteins respond differently to fimbrial transection with respect to the immunohistochemical localization and intensity and suggest that they may play different roles in the restoration of the CNS.View full abstractDownload PDF (12204K) -
SADAHIRO WATANABE, JUNZO SASAKI, TOSHIYUKI KOUNO, TAKAO OKADA, NAGAYAS ...1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 21-27
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2024
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe observed by immunofluorescence microscopy the distribution of cytoskeletal filaments in the superficial cells (SP cells) of rat urinary bladder epithelium in a distending state. To precisely detect SP cell fluorescence, the cells were separated from the distended bladder epithelium by scraping with a glass slide after paraformaldehyde fixation. Each cell appeared characteristically polygonal and flattened. In these cells, F-actins were predominantly distributed at the lateral cell border, marking the cell boundary. They also formed fine networks in the inner cytoplasm. Cytokeratin filaments were distributed in two characteristic patterns: they marked cell boundaries as did F-actin, and they formed thick circular bundles between the nucleus and cell margin. These two types of keratin filaments were also connected by thin filaments. These cytokeratins contained at least cytokeratin 18 subunit. Numerous microtubules were distributed evenly in the cytoplasm forming fine networks, except near the cell periphery.
These observations show that SP cells are supported mainly by cytokeratin networks.View full abstractDownload PDF (10155K) -
JUN-ICHI KAWANO, TSUTOMU OINUMA, EIZO AIKAWA, TATSUO SUGANUMA1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 29-37
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRegional distribution of steroid sulfatase was studied in the rat epididymal duct by enzyme-histochemical, immuno-histochemical and biochemical methods. A large amount of the enzyme was localized in the proximal part of the caput. This specific localization resulted from regional differences in the amount of the enzyme in principal cells, major constituents of the epithelium. In principal cells the amount of the enzyme, largest in the proximal part of the caput, drastically decreased caudally. In the corpus and cauda, principal cells possessed trace amounts of the enzyme, while clear cells had a large amount. Distribution of the enzyme generally agreed with that of estradiol binding sites.View full abstractDownload PDF (10701K) -
MASAMI OGUNI, OSAMU TANAKA, TOMOICHI SETOGAWA, HARUO SHINOHARA, KANEFU ...1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 39-45
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of extraocular muscles of rat was studied immunohistochemically using antibodies against three molecular markers of muscle differentiation: brain type (CK-B) and muscle type (CK-M) creatine kinase isoenzymes and muscle type enolase isoenzyme (β-enolase). The time of innervation of extraocular muscles was also studied immunohistochemically using antibody against neuron specific enolase (NSE). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and PAS after diastase digestion stainings was used for the demonstration of glycogen. At embryonic day (E) 15, when muscle primordium of each extraocular muscle appears, β-enolase and glycogen were observed in all muscle primordia, while CK-B was immunoreactive only in lateral rectus (LR), superior rectus (SR), inferior rectus (IR) and inferior oblique (IO) muscle primordia. CK-B immunoreactivity appeared in superior oblique (SO) and medial rectus (MR) muscles at E17 and E18, respectively. By E18-19, CK-M immunoreactivity became positive in all muscles. NSE immunoreactive nerve fibers were first observed in LR, SR, IR and IO at E15, in SO at E16, and in MR at E17. Consequently, β-enolase immunoreactivity and glycogen appeared in all extraocular muscles at E15, while CK-M at E18. LR, SR, IR and IO muscles became immunoreactive to CK-B antibody at E15; however, SO and MR muscles became immunoreactive at E17 and E18, respectively. The sequence and time of appearance of CK-B in extraocular muscles were similar to those of NSE-immunoreactive nerve fibers. These findings suggest that in rats the expression of CK-B in each extraocular muscle coincides with the innervation of that muscle, while CK-M is expressed only after innervation.View full abstractDownload PDF (10163K) -
MASAMI OGUNI, OSAMU TANAKA, TOMOICHI SETOGAWA, HARUO SHINOHARA, KANEFU ...1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 47-53
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of extraocular muscles was studied in externally normal human embryos (Carnegie stages 13 to 21), using three antibodies as molecular markers of muscle differentiation: brain type (CK-B) and muscle type (CK-M) creatine kinase isoenzymes, and muscle type enolase isoenzyme (β-enolase). The innervation of extraocular muscles was also studied immunohistochemically, using antibody against neuron specific enolase (NSE). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and modified PAS stainings were used to demonstrate glycogen. During stages 13-17, neither immunoreactivity to CK-B, CK-M, β-enolase and NSE nor glycogen could be detected around the optic vesicle. At stage 18, myogenic cells around the optic vesicle became immunoreactive to CK-B, CK-M, and β-enolase antibodies, and the nerve fibers in each extraocular muscle were immunoreactive to NSE antibody; however, glycogen was still undetectable. Glycogen began to appear at stage 19 in the clusters of the myogenic cells. These findings suggest that some of the muscle-type isoenzymes for glycolytic pathway and ATP production appear synchronously in human extraocular muscles, and they are in close association with the storage of glycogen and innervation of extraocular muscles.View full abstractDownload PDF (8720K) -
TETSUHIRO MINAMIKAWA, TETSURO TAKAMATSU, SETSUYA FUJITA1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 55-60
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe applied laser microtomography, a direct optical section technique using a confocal laser scanning microscope, to the mapping of subcellular three-dimensional morphology. A novel model of laser microscope in combination with a fine focus control device and a digital image processor enables us to readily reconstruct high resolution, extended-focus, three-dimensional images at any viewing angle. This system facilitates recognition of the in situ morphology of such subcellular components as nuclear chromosomes or cytoskeletons.View full abstractDownload PDF (7210K) -
NOBUO MORIYAMA, YASUSHI NAGASE, NAOTO DOI, EIJI HIGASHIHARA, ISAO MURA ...1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 61-67
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe localization of the receptors for estrogen (ER), epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and transferrin (TFR) was studied in 27 patients with prostatic carcinoma. The histological grade of the tumors was well differentiated in 7 cases, moderately differentiated in 10 cases and poorly differentiated in 10 cases. The antibodies used were commercially available monoclonal antisera to ER (Abbott), EGFR (Amersham) and TFR (Amersham). Five percent or more staining by the anti-ER antibody and 20% or more staining by the others was defined as positive.
ER expression was recognized in the nuclei of interstitial cells in 5 of the 27 cases, and 2 of these 5 also showed positive staining of tumor cell nuclei. This finding suggested that estrogen may have a direct effect on limited prostatic cancers. EGFR and TFR showed almost same staining patterns and positive rates (EGFR was 37%, and TFR was 52%). These receptors were expressed in the parabasal region of hypertrophic epithelium, and by all cell layers of the tumor cells in positive cases. Receptor expression tended to be more marked in poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma.View full abstractDownload PDF (4370K) -
KOICHI SUZUKI, HIROTAKA MATSUMOTO, MAKIO KOBAYASHI, AKIRA KAWAOI, KOHT ...1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 69-75
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe immunohistochemical localization of both copper-zinc (Cu, Zn) and manganese (Mn) superoxide dismutases (SODs) in diisopropanolnitrosamine (DIPN) induced rat thyroid lesions was examined.
In normal thyroid tissue, Cu, Zn-SOD was homogeneously demonstrated in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the follicular epithelium, whereas Mn-SOD was present in the cytoplasm in a granular pattern.
The lesions of diffuse hyperplasia, which are regarded as early changes induced by DIPN administration, showed almost the same pattern, but in places a partial decrease in staining intensity was observed compared to thyroid tissue of the control animals and DIPN-treated animals with no remarkable lesions. In both benign (types 1 and 2) and malignant (type 3) lesions, the overall staining intensity of Cu, Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD was decreased. However, in some malignant lesions (type 3), a focal increase in staining of SODs was observed. In foci of degeneration and necrosis, relatively strong expression of Mn-SOD was seen in the thyroid follicular epithelium as well as in mesenchymal cells. In addition, an inverse correlation was noted between Cu, Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD localization in the lesions of diffuse hyperplasia and benign and malignant nodules.
These findings suggest a possible correlation between alterations of SOD activities and thyroid tumorigenesis, and the existence of regulatory mechanisms for SOD expression.View full abstractDownload PDF (4916K) -
MAMORU NAGANO, ATSUKO FUJIOKA, SHIRO MORI1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 77-83
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCa2+-ATPase activity in the choroid plexus of the third ventricle of the rat was cytochemically detected. Reaction products were detected in the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of the choroid plexus epithelial cells. The activity was calcium-dependent in both membranes. High substrate specificity for ATP was observed only in the apical plasma membrane. It is speculated that Ca2+-ATPase in the apical plasma membrane acts as a Ca2+-pump and regulates cerebrospinal fluid Ca2+ concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (9983K) -
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBEKATSUHIKO NARIMOTO, YOICHI NODA, MASAHIDE SHIOTANI, SATOSHI NATSUYAMA, ...1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 85-91
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe carried out an immunohistochemical analysis to determine the localization of CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the human fallopian tube throughout the menstrual cycle and after menopause. CuZn-SOD immunoreactivity was shown in the columnar epithelium of the fallopian tube. Immunoreactivity was more intense in the ciliated epithelial cells than in the non-ciliated epithelial cells of both the ampulla and the isthmus portions. Immunoreactivity was observed not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus of the ciliated epithelial cells. In comparison, stromal cells showed none or weak immunoreactivity. These immunoreactive patterns of intensity and localization remained unchanged throughout the menstrual cycle and after menopause. Collectively, the present immunohistochemical results suggest that CuZn-SOD may play an important role in fallopian tube function such as the protection of developing embryos from superoxide anion radicals and the local defense mechanisms against infection or inflammation in the fallopian tube.View full abstractDownload PDF (5073K) -
C. HAUG, W. KOHN, A. METZELE, M. GRUNT, E. ZWERGER, V. MATER, E. F. PF ...1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 93-97
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAtrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is known to be stored in specific secretory granules of cardiac myocytes. Atrial distension seems to be the major stimulus for ANP release. In the present study, we have investigated by means of light and electron microscopy and radioimmunoassay (RIA) left atrial ANP-granule content and ANP release of isolated rat heart, perfused with different left atrial pressures (5, 10, 15 and 20cm H2O). Left atrial ANP-granule content was significantly reduced when left atrial pressure was elevated by perfusion volume expansion. There were no significant differences in ANP-granule content after perfusion with identical pressures over different time periods (20min or 60min). Measurement of ANP in the coronary effluent by RIA showed a significant pressure-dependent increase of ANP release, except for left atrial pressure elevation from 15 to 20cm H2O, which did not result in a further increase of ANP release.View full abstractDownload PDF (2350K) -
Alexander MITRO, Tohru NAKANO, Gang NING, Kazuo OGAWA1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 99-101
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2861K) -
KUNIAKI TAKATA, OSAMU EZAKI, TOSHIKO KASAHARA, MICHIHIRO KASAHARA, HIR ...1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 105-110
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLocalization of glucose transporters (GT's) was studied in rat kidney histochemically with the use of antibody raised against one of the facilitated diffusion GT's (GLUT1) and Na+-dependent active GT. We used anti-peptide antibodies and the antibody to the whole molecule. We found that Na+-dependent GT was localized exclusively on the brush border membrane of the proximal tubule cells, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by physiological studies. Facilitated diffusion GT was localized in the basolateral cell membrane of the S3 segment of the proximal tubule cells, the cells of the thick limb of Henle's loop, and the collecting duct cell. The present data may indicate the presence of the multiple facilitated diffusion GT's in rat kidney. The physiological roles of GT's in kidney cells are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (5962K) -
PRACTICAL PROCEDURES, INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATIONKAZUSHI FUJIMOTO, KAZUO OGAWA1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 111-117
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFracture-flip to provide extended views of the membrane surfaces at close to macromolecular resolution has been developed by Pinto da Silva et al. (1988). This method is based on the carbon stabilization of the hydrophobic face of split membrane halves. After thawing, the carbon casts with their membrane halves are flipped, and then the actual membrane surfaces is imaged by platinum shadowing. Fracture-flip can be combined with cytochemical labelling performed before or after freeze-fracturing. We show here the practical procedures for fracture-flip and its application to various cells and cell organelles.View full abstractDownload PDF (9282K) -
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF NA+, K+-ATPASE IN VARIOUS TRANSPORTING EPITHELIAL CELLSAKITSUGU YAMAMOTO, TADASHI IWANO, TOYOKAZU OKAMI, TATSUYOSI TAKADA, KA ...1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 119-120
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (189K) -
TAKUMA SAITO, TOSHIHIRO TAKIZAWA1991 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 121-132
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince cell function is supported by many constituent enzymes in organized array, it is important that the site of enzyme activities in combination with fine ultrastructures be studied.
In the retina, the cGMP metabolizing enzymes included in phosphodiesterase are estimated to play a key role in action potential formation. Therefore, the site and arrangement of these enzymes in the rod outer segment are of histochemical interest and have yet to be clarified. The new tool, freeze substitution enzyme histochemistry developed in our laboratory enables us to visualize the exact activity and also the sites of enzymes as they are in the living state. With this method, the active sites of guanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase have been demonstrated, but before having been able to specify the precise active sites at the ultrastructured level, the contrast obtained by rapid freeze substitution enzyme histochemistry on the biological membranes had to be increased. This contrast enhancement has been successfully achieved applying higher concentrations of fixatives in combination with tannic acid. Other attempts were the extension of fixation time as well as the application of higher temperatures. Potassium ferrocyanide osmium post-fixation also appeared effective. With the contrast enhancement achieved by various combinations in pretreatment, the reaction products of guanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase were demonstrated at the cytoplasmic side of the disc membranes, which result is in good agreement with the biochemical estimations. Rapid freeze substitution enzyme histochemistry may be useful in detecting the precise locations of substances in living conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (18475K)
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