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Volume 34 (2001)
- Issue 6 Pages 391-
- Issue 5 Pages 305-
- Issue 4 Pages 219-
- Issue 3 Pages 147-
- Issue 2 Pages 85-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 34, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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REVIEW
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Toshihiro Kobayashi, Harumichi Seguchi2001 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 85-89
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2001
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman neutrophils respond with a potent and sustained production of superoxide by NADPH oxidase activity after exposure to various stimulants. Superoxide is then converted to other reactive oxygen species. These oxidants participate in microbial killing, cause injury to surrounding tissues, regulate apoptosis of neutrophils, and, further, are viewed as a signal transduction messenger. We present herein the cytochemical approach for detecting NADPH oxidase activity in human neutrophils under both an electron microscope and a CCD camera-equipped fluorescence microscope. The applications of the cytochemical methodology are also mentioned in this review. Especially, the following mechanisms for the release of superoxide from human neutrophils are considered: the active NADPH oxidase is located exclusively in intracellular compartments which are delivered to the plasma membrane by membrane fusion events, and the vesicles whose membrane contain the active oxidase cycle between the interior of the cell and the plasma membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (1592K)
REGULAR ARTICLES
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Hitoshi Takahashi, Robert I. Howes, Tatsusuke Sato, Koichi Sukekawa2001 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 91-102
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2001
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe expression of cell surface N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), which residues on the ectoderm in the neural plate stage and neural tube stage of bantam embryos, was examined using fluorescein isothiocyanatelabeled lectins BPA, MPA, WFA, HPA, DBA, SJA and LFA before and after neuraminidase treatment. The results showed selective lectin binding on ectoderms of both stages and indicated that the neuroectoderm ac quired different carbohydrate compositions from those in the surface-ectoderm during neurulation. The results also may indicate that GalNAc residues are small in quantity at the terminal position on the bantam neurula ectoderm and many of them hold the penultimate position which is masked by sialic acid. The role of masking on the GalNAc residues during neural tube closure is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1239K) -
Toru Noda, Kazushi Fujimoto, Chizuka Ide2001 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 103-110
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2001
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnnulate lamellae (AL) are observed as a stack of specialized parts of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in intestinal epithelial cells. At mitosis, the components of the nuclear pore (NP) are known to disassemble into ER or cytoplasm, then are recruited back to the nuclear envelope and AL. To investigate structural contribution of ER to AL and interlamellar relationship of the AL stack, we observed serial ultrathin and thick sections of rat intestinal epithelial cells with conventional and high voltage electron microscopes. We found three distinct types of interlamellar connections of AL at the transitions between AL and their extended rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Type 1; several lamellae forming a single AL stack were connected by the reflection or rolling of single ER cisterna. Type 2; the RER often bifurcated into successive AL cisternae. Type 3; several lamellae of a single AL stack were connected by smooth tubular structures. We also found multiple bifurcations from ER to AL on freeze-fracture replicas. Thus, annulate lamellae appeared to be interconnected by three distinct cisternal structures. The presence of these various interlamellar connections suggests that ER would be an essential basis for concentration of integral nuclear pore complex proteins to the peripheral subdomains of ER and for formation of AL.View full abstractDownload PDF (2255K) -
Osamu Amano, Shoichi Iseki2001 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 111-117
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2001
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe transcription factor, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), occurs in the nuclei of acinar cells of the rat submandibular gland during the early postnatal periods. To elucidate the role of CREB in the growth of submandibular gland, the effect of an antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) targeting CREB was examined in the organ culture system of neonatal rat submandibular gland. In the presence of antisense-CREB ODN in the culture media for 48 hr, a significant decrease in the growth of cultured gland was observed in terms of both the area of acinar epithelial tissue and 3H-thymidine-labeling index of acinar cells, with concomitant decrease in the nuclear immunoreactivity for CREB without any degenerative changes in the histology of the gland. In contrast, sense-CREB ODN exhibited no effect on acinar growth. Administration of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (IPR) induced enhanced proliferation of acinar cells, which was also inhibited by antisense-CREB ODN. In contrast, the proliferation of connective tissue cells was neither enhanced by IPR nor inhibited by antisense-CREB ODN. These results suggest that the transcription factor CREB plays specific roles in the proliferation of submandibular gland acinar cells during the early postnatal periods.View full abstractDownload PDF (1156K) -
Tomoyuki Matsuda, Yoshitaka Tamada, Seiji Hayashi, Norio Iijima, Masak ...2001 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 119-128
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2001
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the possibility of the neurosecretion of Bax-like protein in the adult rat, we examined its distribution in the hypothalamo-posterior pituitary system using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. We also measured the serum Bax-like protein using an enzyme immunoassay. Neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus exhibited intense Bax-like immunoreactivity (Bax-IR). Bax-like immunoreactive axons projected to the posterior pituitary through the internal layer of the median eminence. By immunoelectron microscopy, Bax-IR was observed in the granulated vesicles and in the membrane of the roughsurfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the neuronal perikarya in the medial magnocellular division of PVN. It was also detected in the secretory vesicles in the nerve terminals of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Double-labeling histochemistry revealed that almost all Bax-like immunoreactive substances were present in the oxytocin neurons, and many Bax-like immunoreactive neurons were nitro-oxidergic neurons. The enzyme immunoassay revealed that the average Bax-like protein concentration in the serum was 39.0±9.6 pmol/ml in the adult male rat. Colchicine treatment significantly increased the densities of Bax-IR in the PVN and decreased the serum Bax-like protein levels. From these results, Bax-like protein is considered to be produced in the hypothalamic oxytocin neurons, transported through axoplasmic flow and secreted into systemic circulation at the posterior pituitary as a "neurohormone"View full abstractDownload PDF (2273K) -
Yasuji Matsuoka, Yoshinari Aimi, Hiroshi Kimura, Takashi Taniguchi, Yu ...2001 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 129-134
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2001
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExpression of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF; FGF-1) in rat adrenal gland was investigated using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. FGF-1 mRNA was detected in the adrenal medulla but not in the adrenal cortex. Analysis of the PCR product indicated that the sequence was identical to that of FGF-1 in the midbrain. FGF-1 im munoreactivity was detected in the adrenal medulla. Double immunostaining revealed that FGF-1 colocalized with ethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-, an enzyme of adrenaline synthesis, immunoreactive adrenergic cells. These results indicate that FGF-1 is expressed by adrenergic cells in the adrenal medulla.View full abstractDownload PDF (1264K) -
Katsuhiko Nishiyama, Kazuhiro Yagita, Shun Yamaguchi, Saori Kitamura, ...2001 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 135-141
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2001
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted to reveal the morphological characteristics of neurons of the nodose ganglion expressing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and/or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The NADPH-diaphorase activity, a histochemical marker for NOS, was observed in 60% of ganglionic neurons, but TH-immunoreactivity shared only 8% of total ganglionic neurons. In this ganglion, 55% of Thimmunoreactive neurons expressed NADPHdiaphorase activity. By the triple combination of retrograde neuronal tracer (rhodamine labeled latex microspheres) injected into the rostral part of the nucleus tractus solitarius, the NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and TH-immunocytochemistry, we found that 38% of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons, 70% of TH-immunoreactive neurons, and 72% of NADPH-diaphorase/TH-positive neurons contained the rhodamine-latex fluorobeads. Thus, it is concluded that many of NOS and/or TH expressing neurons in the nodose ganglion centrally project primary sensory neurons.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K)
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