巻号一覧
35 巻 (2002)
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- 5 号 p. 353-
- 4 号 p. 275-
- 3 号 p. 175-
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35 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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REVIEW
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Masanori Murakoshi, Rie Ikeda, Masashi Tagawa, Norio Fukui原稿種別:
専門分野:
2002 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 353-359
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/12/27
ジャーナル フリーThe atrophic effect of a synthetic steroidal antiandrogen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA), on spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was investigated. Male beagle dogs (5-8 years old) were divided into four experimental groups. Group 1 consisted of untreated controls. Groups 2 to 4 received CMA 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/day, p.o., respectively, for 6 months. In group 1, glandular hyperplasia of the prostate was clearly detected. The glandular epithelial cells showed uniformly intense nuclear staining for androgen receptor (AR). AR was also localized in the nuclei of the fibro-muscular stromal cells. Immunoreactively of 5 alpha-reductase type I was positive in most glandular epithelial cells. No fibro-muscular stromal cells were stained. Immunolocalization of 5 alpha-reductase type II was clearly detected in the interacinar fibro-muscular stromal cells, but not in the glandular epithelial cells. In groups 2 to 4, CMA produced marked atrophy of the glandular epithelium. The interacinar fibro-muscular stroma was prominent. The nuclear staining for AR in both epitheial and stromal cells was remarkably decreased. Furthermore, the immunoreaction for 5 alpha-reductase type I in most glandular epithelial cells was negative or very weak. The immunoreaction of 5 alpha-reductase type II in the interacinar fibro-muscular stromal cells was negative or very weak. The decreased AR-immunostaining may be explained by the decrease in the number of AR and it may play a key role in the down-regulation of 5 alpha-reductase gene expression by CMA. The atrophy after treatment with CMA may be due to shrinkage of both glandular and stromal compartments in the prostate tissue.
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TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENT
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Richard P. Tucker原稿種別:
専門分野:
2002 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 361-365
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/12/27
ジャーナル フリーMorpholinos are synthetic DNA analogs that are not degraded by nucleases. A technique has been developed for the microinjection and square-pulse electroporation of antisense morpholinos into the precursors of neural crest cells in the chicken embryo in ovo. This paper reviews the methods used for the introduction of morpholinos into the chicken embryo as well as how to analyze their effects on gene expression and morphogenesis.
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Anthony S.-Y. Leong, F. Joel W.-M. Leong原稿種別:
専門分野:
2002 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 367-374
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/12/27
ジャーナル フリーSince the development of antigen labelling in the early 1940s there have been tremendous technological developments that now allow the detection of a wide range of diagnostic antigens in routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Much of these developments have come about as a result of antigen retrieval. Proteolytic digestion was the most widely used method of antigen retrieval until the introduction of microwave irradiation in 1991. This marked a major milestone in immunolabelling, and has been mostly responsible for the rapid acceptance of immunohistology and its irreplaceable role in diagnosis. While other methods of generating heat were employed for retrieval, microwave irradiation has been widely employed not only for paraffin sections but also for cytological preparations, cryostat sections, plastic-embedded sections, for immuno-electron microscopy, in situ hybridization and for the demonstration of DNA fragmentation in apoptosis. The precise mechanism of action of microwaves remains speculative but it is evident that several factors influence its effectiveness. These include temperature and time of exposure to irradiation, pH and osmolarity of retrieval solution and the nature and duration of fixative. To achieve optimal immunolabelling, particularly of the more capricious antigens, further work is required to fully understand the influence that these factors have on immunolabelling.
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REGULAR ARTICLE
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John M. Robinson, Toshihiro Takizawa原稿種別:
専門分野:
2002 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 375-381
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/12/27
ジャーナル フリーWe have studied two different monoclonal antibodies that behave poorly for the immunocytochemical localization of caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 in paraformaldehyde fixed tissue. Treatment of tissue sections with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) led to enhanced immunocytochemical detection of antigens with each of these antibodies. In this study, we have focused on the use of SDS for antigen retrieval using ultrathin cryosections. Herein, we show that SDS treatment can be applied to ultrathin cryosections without deleterious effects and can be used for high-resolution immunofluorescence detection of caveolin-1 and -2.
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Satoshi Ochiai, Sadamitsu Hashimoto, Masaki Shimono原稿種別:
専門分野:
2002 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 383-393
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/12/27
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between cell proliferation and cell death of submandibular gland (SMG) acinar cells in rats treated with the β-adrenergic secretagogue isoproterenol (IPR) which elicits massive growth of salivary glands. We analyzed this process using computerized imaging analysis, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemical staining, the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP)-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and ultrastructural observations for 10 days of IPR treatment and for 3 weeks thereafter. Proliferation of acinar cells occurred at days 2 and 3 of IPR administration, and acinar cell hypertrophy continued during the entire 10-day treatment period. Numerous TUNEL-positive cells and vesicular structures were found in the acinar area by day 3 post-IPR administration. Ultrastructurally, vacuolated structures that resembled "degenerating apoptotic bodies" were located in and between the acinar cells. A different type of cell death, which was associated with an electron-lucent and edematous cytoplasm but not with mitochondrial lysis or cell membrane destruction, was also recognized in the acinus. It is suggested that this other type of cell death may correspond to "secondary necrosis".
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Shuji Yamashita原稿種別:
専門分野:
2002 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 395-406
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/12/27
ジャーナル フリーOntogenical expression of estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms, ERα and ERβ, was examined in order to study the roles of the isoforms in the morphogenesis of neonatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment in the female reproductive tissues using an immunohistochemical method. The intensity of ERα immunostaining gradually increased with aging in the epithelial cells of oviducts, uteri, cervices and vaginae in the vehicle-treated control animals. Neonatal DES-treatment up-regulated the expression of ERα in the epithelial cells in these tissues and down-regulated it in the stromal cells at least until 10 days of age including the period of DES-treatment. On day 21, both control and DES-mice showed almost similar ERα distribution in these tissues. There were no differences in the ERα distribution in the ovaries of two experimental groups. ERα was localized in the theca cells and some stromal cells located interfollicularly. Neonatal DES exposure did not influence the distribution pattern of ERβ protein during the period of treatment and postnatal development. The nuclear ERβ-immunoreaction was seen in the granulosa cells of ovaries but not in the cells of reproductive tracts. These results demonstrated that ERα is the critical ER isoform for the estrogen-dependent responses in the normal female genital tract, and that the presence of ERα in the epithelial cells during the period of DES exposure should play important roles in the the induction of abnormal characteristics in the genital tract of DES-mice.
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Takeshi Naito, Hiroshi Yoshioka, Yuko Yasuda原稿種別:
専門分野:
2002 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 407-416
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/12/27
ジャーナル フリーUsing immunohistochemistry of thymosin β4 (Tβ4), GFAP, vimentin 9 and lectin histochemistry of Griffonia simplicifolia B4 isolectin (IB4), we investigated migration and proliferation of immature glial cells in the infantile rat cerebral cortex from P0 to P60. Although the immature glial cells in the cortex are commonly Tβ4 positive, dynamic behavior of the immature glial cells are dramatically different before and after P11; between P0 and P11, they are actively migrating, highly proliferative and differentiate other types of glial cells, while after 12 days of birth, they turn out to react positively with Thiamine pyrophosphatase (TTPase), a definitive marker of mature microglia, and stop migration and proliferation. We concluded that the Tβ4 positive immature glial cells in the rat cortex before P11, although they have been called the microglia, are glioblasts, common precursors of neuroglia, and they are differentiated into microglia during the second postnatal week.
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Yang Xu, Kazusada Yoshitake, Akio Ito, Ryohachi Arai原稿種別:
専門分野:
2002 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 417-422
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/12/27
ジャーナル フリーWe have used immunohistochemistry to examine the subcellular localization of monoamine oxidase type B (MAOB) in the rat tongue. Light microscopy showed that MAOB-immunoreactive structures were present in connective tissues. Electron microscopy revealed that MAOB immunoreactivity was localized to the outer membranes of mitochondria in mast cells, Schwann cells, capillary endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The present study is the first to immunohistochemically reveal the intracellular localization of MAOB in tissues outside of the central nervous system. Possible functions of MAOB in these cells are discussed.
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Hideho Ueda原稿種別:
専門分野:
2002 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 423-428
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/12/27
ジャーナル フリーNovel caveolae proteins, caveolins, were found about a decade ago, and many new aspects of caveolae functions have since been uncovered. However, it remains elusive how caveolins function in ocular tissues, so we would like to address this issue. We conducted experiments in vivo and in vitro with immunohisto/cytochemistry and immunoblot. In vivo immunohistochemistry showed that caveolin-1 was expressed in Müller cells and corneal endothelial cells of the rat retina. Confocal double-labeling images demonstrated that caveolin-1 was co-localized with L-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamine synthetase (GS), confirming that caveolin-1 is expressed in Müller cells. With in vitro experiments, immunoblotting showed that cultured Müller cells express caveolin-1 and -2 but not -3, and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that caveolin-1 and -2 are differently localized in Müller cells. Moreover, caveolin-1 is exclusively co-localized with GLAST but not with GS in cultured Müller cells. These results indicate the possibility that caveolin-1 may be associated with glutamate metabolism in the retina through Müller cells.
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