Ca
2+ ions play pivotal roles in the excitation and contraction-relaxation processes of heart muscle cells. The advent of digital-imaging techniques, especially confocal laser scanning microscopy, as well as Ca
2+-sensitive fluorescent dyes, has contributed substantially to the precise understanding of the spatiotemporal aspects of the intracellular Ca
2+ dynamics in cardiomyocytes. In this review article, we review the progress in the cytochemical and histochemical researches on the intracellular Ca
2+ concentration ([Ca
2+]
i) of the heart. Recent imaging technologies have revealed that subcellular [Ca
2+]
i dynamics are spatiotemporally heterogeneous under certain pathological conditions. We focus on the Ca
2+ waves, i.e., representative of abnormal [Ca
2+]
i dynamics that emerge under [Ca
2+]
i-overloaded conditions, analyzed in preparations ranging from the enzymatically isolated myocytes to the whole heart. The pathophysiological significance of Ca
2+ waves in the heart is also discussed.
抄録全体を表示