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Volume 38, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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REVIEW
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Tatsuji Haneji2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation has been recognized as a key mechanism in cell function. Okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of PP1 and PP 2A and induces apoptosis in human or mouse cells including osteoblasts. Nucleolin is an abundantly expressed nucleolar phosphoprotein and is located mainly in the nucleolus. The staining pattern of nucleolin in cultured osteoblastic cells is similar to that of PP1δ. Nucleolin was demonstrated to bind to PP1δ in nucleolus in human osteoblastic cells by using immunocytochemical and immunoprecipitation methods. AgNORs and nucleolin, visible as dots in the nuclei of the control osteoblastic cells, disappeared from the nuclei of the osteoblastic cells treated with okadaic acid. A major band, 110 kDa, was detected in the proteins obtained from osteoblastic cells. The level of the 110 kDa protein decreased in the apoptotic osteoblastic cells, whereas an additional band, 80 kDa, appeared and the level of this protein increased in the proteins prepared from okadaic acid-induced apoptotic osteoblastic cells. Our results indicate that PP1δ directly binds to nucleolin in the nucleolus of osteoblastic cells and that nucleolin is cleaved during apoptosis in osteoblastic cells.
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Akira Matsuno, Hiroshi Nakaguchi, Tadashi Nagashima, Takamitsu Fujimak ...2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 9-15
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe proliferative potentials of intracranial meningiomas, as represented by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index (LI) and MIB-1 staining index (SI), were examined, and their correlation with recurrence and regrowth of meningiomas was reviewed. The mean BrdU LI of recurrent meningiomas was reported to be significantly higher than that of non-recurrent meningiomas. BrdU LI can predict the time to re-operation. Many studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between MIB-1 SI and clinical outcome of meningiomas, and most of them showed a significant relationship. Time interval to next recurrence in recurrent meningiomas is associated with MIB-1 SI, and several investigators have shown a cut-off point for MIB-1 SI that can predict future recurrence. BrdU LI, MIB-1 SI, and tumor doubling time of intracranial meningiomas have a mutual relationship. While many other biological or genetic variables can affect the proliferation of tumors, nevertheless BrdU LI and MIB-1 SI are closely correlated with clinical recurrence or regrowth of meningiomas.
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Masanori Yasuda, Johbu Itoh, Yoshihiro Satoh, Nobue Kumaki, Keiichi Ts ...2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 17-24
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCluster designation (CD) 10, a cell-surface neutral endopeptidase, which is usually called common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) has been applied to the categorization of acute leukemia and malignant lymphomas. However, recently, this marker has been widely used in routine histopathological diagnoses for non-hematopoietic tumors since it has been demonstrated to be distributed in a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues. CD10 staining profiles are divided into apical/luminal surface, membranous, cytoplasmic, and Golgi patterns. Recognition of myoepithelial cells of the breast by means of CD10 provides more accurate diagnostic information on confusing breast diseases. In the differential diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESSs) vs. smooth muscle tumors, CD10 is expected to act as a key marker for the diagnostic confirmation of ESS. Intestinal metaplasia in the stomach is highlighted by CD10 expression at the brush borders as well as common-type gastric adenomas. In the colon, CD10 expression may be closely associated with the malignant transformation of adenomas to adenocarcinomas. CD10 is well expressed in prostatic adenocarcinomas, but with the progressive loss of glandular structure, this expression tends to be reduced. In renal cell carcinomas, CD10 has been proven as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Thus, the unique immunohistochemical expression of CD10 is widely helpful in the surgical pathology practice, and also provides evidence which aids in the interpretation of tumor development.
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Keiichi Tsukinoki, Masanori Yasuda, Yoshiko Miyoshi, Yusuke Mori, Mits ...2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSignaling via hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the HGF receptor, c-Met, plays important roles in human salivary glands and salivary gland tumors. Various effects of HGF, including acceleration or inhibition of cell growth, enhancement of cell motility, increase of angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis and induction of morphogenesis, have been demonstrated in various epithelial cells. Our recent analysis of HGF regarding saliva, salivary gland and salivary gland tumors demonstrated that: 1) HGF was basically localized in luminal cells of fetal, normal salivary glands and salivary gland tumors; 2) saliva contained HGF protein on ELISA; 3) HGF tended to be more intensely expressed in benign salivary gland tumors than in malignant salivary gland tumors; 4) HGF/c-Met signaling was associated with cell scattering and invasion into matrix in the ACC3 adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line; 5) prognosis was poor and correlated to metastasis in high-grade salivary gland carcinomas with c-Met overexpression. These profiles suggest that HGF/c-Met systems may play significant roles in differentiation or tumor progression for salivary gland tumors.
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REGULAR ARTICLE
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Kazuhiro Fujita, Shuji Yamashita, Yasuhiro Sakai2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 31-35
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe function of the testis is regulated by androgens. The activity of testicular androgens is expressed through androgen receptors and many kinds of coactivators in a similar way as with other steroid hormones. In this study, the expression of androgen receptors (AR), the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), and the p300/CBP/co-integrator protein (p/CIP) in the mouse testis was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The AR signals were detected in the nucleus of peritubular contractile cells, interstitial cells and Sertoli cells. The AR signals localized in the nuclei of Sertoli cells changed according to the spermatogenic cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. In contrast, the p/CIP showed a strong signals in Sertoli cells at all stages of the spermatogenic cycle in adult mice. SRC-1 was detected in nuclei of Sertoli cells during the premature stage of testis, followed by gradual decrease and no signal was demonstrated in that of adult testis. This suggests that SRC-1 does not contribute to androgen action in the mature testis but does so during the premature stage. Since the expression of p/CIP was observed in a wider range than that of AR, p/CIP supported the function of AR in the testes after maturation. There are various types of coactivators of AR in testis that may play different roles.
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Toshiyuki Matsuzaki, Abdushukur Ablimit, Yuki Tajika, Takeshi Suzuki, ...2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 37-42
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAquaporin 1 (AQP1) is an isoform of membrane water channels. We examined the distribution of AQP1 in peripheral nerves. Immunofluorescence microscopy with specific antibodies to AQP1 was performed in the tissue sections of the rat tongue, esophagus, trachea, and sciatic nerve. AQP1 was present in the perineurium of nerve fiber bundles in the sciatic nerve and nerve fiber bundles in the tongue, esophagus, and trachea. Laser confocal microscopy of the double-labeled specimens for AQP1 and sugar transporter GLUT1 revealed that AQP1 was localized in the outer layer(s) of the perineurial cell layers, whereas GLUT1 was present throughout the entire perineurial cell layers. AQP1 and GLUT1 were also present in blood vessels inside the nerve fiber bundle. They were rarely found in the same blood vessels, namely, AQP1 was hardly detectable in GLUT1-positive blood vessels and GLUT1 was hardly detectable in AQP1-positive vessels. AQP1 in these sites of the blood-nerve barrier may participate in the water transfer across the barrier and contribute to the maintenance of the milieu of the nerve. In addition, we showed the presence of AQP1 in the perichondrium of the tracheal cartilage suggesting a possible role in water transfer between the cartilage and surrounding connective tissues.
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Ryuji Nomura, Takeo Aoki, Haruo Hagiwara, Takao Senda, Toyoshi Fujimot ...2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 43-52
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCaveolae have been reported to contain a number of proteins related to Ca2+ mobilization, including an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-like protein, and a plasmalemmal calcium pump. In search of other Ca2+-related proteins, we found that a polyclonal antibody to calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-binding protein, binds to the cytoplasmic surface of caveolae. By immunofluorescence microscopy of cultured fibroblasts, labeling by the anti-CRT antibody was found colocalized with caveolin-1. Immunogold electron microscopy of ultrathin frozen sections showed that the antibody decorates the cytoplasmic surface of caveolae. The caveolar labeling could be due to CRT that leaked out of the ER, but the labeling persisted even when isolated plasmalemmal preparations were treated with 10 mM EDTA, 1 M NaCl, or 0.1 M Na2CO3 (pH 11). Furthermore, in SDS-digested freeze-fracture replicas, labeling was associated with caveolae in the P face of the plasma membrane. However, in cells transfected with hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged cDNA, the labeling by anti-HA was observed only in the ER and was not found in caveolae. Taken together, the results suggest that a protein structurally similar to CRT is localized in caveolae as an integral membrane protein, and that the protein could be functionally related to the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Tetsunari Nishikawa, Ryohko Hara, Yuichi Ito, Kazuya Masuno, Kazuya To ...2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 53-59
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, tumor growth was studied using oncogenic and kinetic analysis. In verrucous carcinoma (VC, n=22), squamous papilloma (SP, n=18), and hyperkeratotic lesion (HK, n=12), cellular proliferative potentials were evaluated and compared. Co-expression of histone H3 mRNA and p53 protein was not found in HK. In 6 cases (33.3%) of SP, co-expression was detected within the basal and parabasal layers. However, in 17 cases (77.2%) of VC, co-expression of histone H3 mRNA and p53 protein was found extensively from basal to spinous layers. Cyclin D1 was detected in 5 cases (41.7%) of HK and in 14 cases (77.8%) of SP at parabasal layer. While in 20 cases (90.9%) of VC, cyclin D1 was detected from basal to spinous layers, and positive (2+ and 3+) cases (45.4%) increased. Cyclin B1 was detected in 9 cases (75.0%) of HK and in 16 cases (88.9%) of SP at basal or parabasal layer, and in all 22 cases of VC from basal to spinous layers, and positive (2+ and 3+) cases (68.1%) increased. In the intra-cellular distribution of cyclin B1, there were many cases of cytoplasmic types (66.7%) in HK, of cytoplasmic dominant types (50.0%) in SP, and of cytoplasmic dominant types (72.7%) in VC. There were also some cases of nuclear dominant types (27.3%) in VC. The present study suggests that increase of p53 protein, increase of cell proliferation, wide epithelial distribution of cyclins D1 and B1, and increase of positive cells in the nucleus with cyclin B1 were indicators of malignant potential.
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Hiromichi Yokoi, Yoshihiro Tsuruo, Shiro Kominami, Takeshi Yamazaki, K ...2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 61-67
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the immunohistochemical localization of steroid 5α-reductase type 1 and 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (P450c17) in rat gastric mucosa. Immunoreactivity of 5α-reductase was localized in the chief cells and the mucous neck cells. P450c17 immunoreactivity was localized in the parietal cells. Subcellular localizations of both 5α-reductase and P450c17 were on the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum. P450c17 is a key enzyme of androgen biosynthesis, and 5α-reductase has a high affinity for testosterone and catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to its 5α-reduced metabolite. Thus, it is suggested that there is an androgenic metabolic pathway in rat gastric mucosa.
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Shingo Kamoshida, Nao Sakamoto, Hiroshi Matsuoka, Yoichi Sakurai, Kazu ...2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 69-74
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOrotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) is the key enzyme for the phosphorylation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the rate-limiting step for acquiring its anti-tumor effect. Since high enzyme activities and mRNA levels of OPRT are said to be associated with 5-FU chemosensitivity of cancer cells, the immunohistochemical demonstration of OPRT can be expected to contribute to the selection of patients who suffer from 5-FU-sensitive cancer. During a study for establishing the appropriate immunostaining condition using rabbit antiserum in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human cancer, we unexpectedly uncovered the fact that heat-assisted stretching of paraffin sections on a hot plate just after sectioning was critical for preserving OPRT immunoreactivity; namely, stretching sections briefly at 70°C or higher significantly reduced the immunoreactivity. Overnight drying of the sections in an oven at 37°C or 60°C did not influence the immunoreactivity, but pretreatments, including 0.2% trypsin, 0.002% proteinase K, and pressure cooking in 10 mM citrate buffer, pH 6.0 and pH 7.0, and 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution, pH 8.0, seriously deteriorated the OPRT epitopes. The immunoreactivity was relatively resistant to overfixation, though weakened after fixation in formalin for four weeks. Xenografts with high OPRT enzyme activities showed distinct positive cytoplasmic staining, but those with low OPRT activities were equivocal. OPRT expression in routinely processed cancer tissues also provided valuable data.
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RAPID COMMUNICATION
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Koji Sato, Nobuaki Higashi, Yosuke Kumamoto, Tatsuro Irimura2005 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 75-80
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the sensitization phase of delayed-type hypersensitivity, dermal macrophages (MØs) expressing MØ galactose-type C-type lectin1 (MGL1) are known to migrate from the dermis to lymph nodes (LNs), and this migration was previously suggested to be an essential process in the establishment of the immune response to peripheral antigens. We hypothesize that the interactions between MGL1 and its ligands determine the localization of MGL1/2-positive cells within the LNs. In the present report, distribution of MGL1 binding sites was immunohistochemically examined by means of biotinylated recombinant MGL1 and compared with the distribution of MGL1/2-positive cells after epicutaneous sensitization of the mice with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The binding sites of MGL1 were mainly detected on the subcapsular sinus, interfollicular regions, and the T/B boundary. The distribution overlapped with the area where MGL1/2-positive cells that had migrated from dermis localized after sensitization with the antigen.
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