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Volume 40, Issue 1
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Norio Iijima, Takahiko Yokoyama2007 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2007
Advance online publication: January 19, 2007JOURNAL FREE ACCESSApoptosis is an important event of the development of various organs. In this study, we used in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) to visualize the temporal and spatial distribution of apoptosis in the developing medaka embryo, which is a useful model for developmental biology and genetics. Most of the apoptotic cells were distributed in the central nervous system and tailbud. In the brain and retina, most of the apoptosis occurred in the restricted period. In situ hybridization against caspase 3A and caspase 3B showed that these were distributed in the tailbud and the head, respectively. These results suggested that two types of caspase 3 were involved in apoptosis in different areas.
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Shan-Shun Luo, Keiji Sugimoto, Sachiko Fujii, Tohru Takemasa, Song-Bin ...2007 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 9-17
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2007
Advance online publication: February 05, 2007JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the mechanism by which endothelial cells (ECs) resist various forms of physical stress using an experimental system consisting of rat arterial EC sheets. Formation of actin stress fibers (SFs) and expression of endothelial heat-shock stress proteins (HSPs) in response to mechanical stretch stress were assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Stretch stimulation increased expression of HSPs 25 and 70, but not that of HSP 90. Treatment with SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor that acts upstream of the HSP 25 activation cascade, or with geldanamycin, an inhibitor of HSP 90, had no effect on the SF formation response to mechanical stretch stress. In contrast, treatment with quercetin, an HSP 70 inhibitor, inhibited both upregulation of endothelial HSP 70 and formation of SFs in response to tensile stress. In addition, treatment of stretched ECs with cytochalasin D, which disrupts SF formation, did not adversely affect stretch-induced upregulation of endothelial HSP 70. Our data suggest that endothelial HSP 70 plays an important role in inducing SF formation in response to tensile stress.
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Ichiro Tanii, Tetsuya Yagura, Naoyuki Inagaki, Tatsuo Nakayama, Kazuno ...2007 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2007
Advance online publication: February 05, 2007JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe proper assembly of sperm flagellar proteins is fundamental for sperm motility. The sperm- and spermatid-specific isoform of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDS, is a flagellar protein indispensable for sperm flagellar movement. To obtain information on the assembly of the glycolytic enzyme into the flagellum, the precise localization of rat GAPDS in the flagellum and the stage of incorporation into the flagellum were examined using a monoclonal antibody. Immunolocalization of rat GAPDS was restricted to the fibrous sheath (FS) in the sperm flagellum, and was predominant in the circumferential ribs rather than the longitudinal columns. Immunoreactivity was first detected in the cytoplasm and flagella of the step-16 spermatids during the final step of FS formation. Together with the expression of other FS proteins, the present results indicate the sequential assembly of FS components, suggesting that the expression and transport of GAPDS is regulated in a coordinated manner during sperm flagellar formation.
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Yasushi Oshima, Ken-ichi Matsuda, Atsuhiko Yoshida, Nobuyoshi Watanabe ...2007 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 27-34
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 27, 2007
Advance online publication: February 05, 2007JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been suggested that the degradation of the articular cartilage and osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with gender and the estrogen hormone. Although many investigators have reported the presence of the estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β in the articular cartilage, the localization of these receptors and the difference in their in vivo expression have not yet been clearly demonstrated. We performed immunofluorescence staining of ERα and ERβ to elucidate the localization of the ERs and to note the effects of gender and the aging process on these receptors. The results revealed that ERα and ERβ were expressed in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone layers of adult rats of both sexes. We also observed the high expression of these receptors in immature rats. In contrast, their expression levels decreased in an ovariectomised model, as a simulation of postmenopause, and in aged female rats. Therefore, this study suggests the direct effects of estrogen and ER expression on articular surface metabolism.
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