The Annals of physiological anthropology
Print ISSN : 0287-8429
Volume 10, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Kiyoji TANAKA, Fumio NAKADOI, Hiroyo KITAO, Hitoshi WATANABE, Satoshi ...
    1991 Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 133-145
    Published: July 01, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A follow-up study was conducted to re-evaluate a group of obese middleaged women (n=13), eight of whom had completed an 18-wk supervised (3 d/wk) plus unsupervised (2 d/wk) conditioning intervention program (at least 90 min per day) as the exercise plus diet group ; while five of the remainder served as the control group. Each session had included a 25-to 45-min jog/run at intensities between the heart rate (HR) corresponding to lactate threshold (LT) and that slightly above the HR@LT. During I year following the program, the women participated in self-controlled training such as running, aerobic danclng, or jazz dancing 2.6±l.1 d/wk. Dietary intake averaged approximately 17.36d:152 kcal/d at the pretreatment, 1404±124 kcal/d at the post-treatment, and 1645±147 kcal/d I year after the post-treatment. Interestingly however, oxygen uptake corresponding to LT (VO2@LT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), weight, systolic blood pressure, and the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol (HDLC/TC) observed I year after the post-treatment were significantly different from the original pre-treatment and/or mid-treatment values. For instance, the significant 42% increase (14.7±2.4-21.3±4.2 ml/kg/min) in VO2@LT and 18% mcrease (0.284+0.106-0.335+0.093) in HDLC/TC from the pre-test to post-test were maintained throughout the 1-year follow-up period, suggesting no detrimental effect either on a cardiorespiratory fitness factor or on an anti-atherogenic factor. These findings indicate that physiologic status of obese middle-aged women engaged in a conditioning intervention program may not regress to pre-treatment status for at least one year after completion ; provided they continue to participate in a 2.6-d/wk self-controlled training program with dietary intake of 1600-1700 kcal/d. Another interesting findlng was that significant relationships existed between individual changes (Δ) in training frequency and individual changes (Δ) in physiologic variables (i.e., ΔVO2max, ΔVO2@LT, ΔWt. Δfat, and ΔHDLC/TC) during the follow-up study. It is concluded that, although the improved physiologic status of obese women can be maintained fairly well during I year following the conditioning program ; continuation of training (3 d/wk or more) should be critical, elther supervised or self-controlled, for successful maintenance of lost weight (8.2±2.9 kg) and improved fitness.
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  • Shinya HIRoKI, Tomoki SHIBATA, Haruhiko SATO
    1991 Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 147-153
    Published: July 01, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of the present study was to examine hemispheric differences in visual recogni-tion of two kanji letters. Kanji phrases and nonsense kanji letters were presented unilaterally to the left or right visual hemifield in thirty normal right-handed men by a tachistoscope. The experiments were separated into three conditions ; the mixing task (ten phrases and ten sets of nonsense letters are presented by mixture), the phrase task (twenty phrases are presented), and the nonsense letters task (twenty sets of nonsense letters are presented). Under all conditions, significant right visual hemifield superiorities for the accuracy of recognition of phrase and nonsense letters were observed.
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  • Kiyoji TANAKA
    1991 Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 155-162
    Published: July 01, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cardiorespiratory and blood lactate (La) responses to prolonged submaximal running at an intensity relative to lactate threshold (LT) were examined in 15 recreational runners, aged 19 to 32. In test I where treadmill speed was progressively incremented by 10-20m/min until exhaustion, oxygen uptake at the LT (VO2 @ LT : 2.34±0.331/min or 41.6±5.7ml/kg/min) and VO2max (3.58±0.341/min or 63.6±5.5ml/kg/min) were measured. In test 2, the subject was required to run on the treadmill for I hour at a fixed velocity (Vt) which corresponded to his Vt@LT. As expected, mean VO2 ranged during the 1-h submaximal running from 2.31±0.411/ min or 63.0±7.8% VO2max at min 10-20 to 2.52:t0.351/min or 69.2±6.2% VO2max at min 50-60, both of which were close to VO2@ LT (65.2±4.40/0 VO2max). The slight decrease in blood La was found from min 20 to min 60, and this was accompanied by a parallel decline in respiratory exchange ratio. Shifts in the energy substrate toward a reliance on fat oxidation may occur during the course of 1-h running at Vt@LT. The small oxygen debt observed after the 1-h running may confirm the assumption that prolonged runnlng at Vt@LT would be performed in an almost fully aerobic steady state. We conclude that prolonged running at Vt@LT may possibly maximize health-related benefits in the healthy adult.
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  • Masafumi ToRII, Masahiro YAMASAKI, Takashi SASAKI, Hideaki NAKAYAMA
    1991 Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 163-170
    Published: July 01, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated the seasonal variation of sweating response during exercise. Four adult heaithy men repeated a moderate bicycle exercise (60 watts) in a climatic chamber of an ambient temperature of 30 ?? (relative humidity, 45%) in winter, spring, summer, and fall. In summer, sweat rate immediately increased as soon as the exercise started, whereas in winter in a few minutes. The mean sweat rate during exercise was significantly different between winter and summer. The transient reduction of the TSK was observed at the beginning of the exercise in winter. The TSK decreased in proportion to increasing of sweat rate in each season. Significantly negative correlation were found between sweat rate and the rate of change of TSK during exercise in each season. The slope and intercept of regression line were significantly different between winter and summer. The index of sweating was made available for the relative value, changing rate against annual mean value of total sweat loss (ΔSR, %). The relative value rather than the absolute value (i.e., expressed as g·m-2·h-1) corrected well with skin temperature. It is suggested that the present results may reflect adapted changes in the thermoregulatory mechanisms to seasonal acclimatization. Moreover, the fall in skin temperature during exercise may be not due to increased evaporative cooling, but may be the result of vasoconstriction porbably caused by non-thermal factors.
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  • Takatsugu DEGUCHI, Tomoki SHIBATA, Haruhiko SATO
    1991 Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 171-182
    Published: July 01, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to observe the formation of sex role, an investigation was made on the development of behavior and sex differences in infants aged I to 6 at Fukuoka-city. The present study consisted of questionnaire on behavior of daily living and breeding, block construction test and coloring a drawing test. The parents instructed their infants to become masculine for males and feminine for females on the basis of tradit:ional view. No sex differences were observed in construction ability of infants aged 4. Favorite colors were different according to sex.
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  • ABRAINI. J.H, TOMEI C, ROSTAIN J.C
    1991 Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 183-188
    Published: July 01, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    hen human divers or experimental animals are exposed to high pressure, they develop the High Pressure Neurological Syndrome (HPNS). Male Sprague- Dawley rats were exposed to high pressure in a conventional helium-oxygen breathing mixture to 80 bars. Pressure-induced behavioral motor disturbances including hyperlocomotor activity (HLA), tremor and myoclonia were monitored with a noninvasive piezoelectrical sensor devlce enabling a without discontinuity long-term analysis. New data were obtained on the development of the HPNS behavioral motor disturbances. Indeed, the present results suggest myoclonia would be more sensitive to constant high pressure exposure, while HLA and tremor would be more sensitive to increasing pressure. Moreover, myoclonia were found to occur significantly later in rats which developed epileptic seizures than in other. The present results constitute the quantita-tive basis of HPNS motor disturbances for future pharmacological pressure experiments.
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  • Kunihiro SEKI
    1991 Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 189-192
    Published: July 01, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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