The clinical courses of a patient with simple obesity and four patients with thyroid disorderswere followed up, during treatment, for looking into the effects of dieting and thyroid hormoneon a tumover of fat tissue.We obtained the following results.Reduced body weight in anohginally obese patient with hyperthyroidism should be owing mostly to a reduction in fattissue.In the case of abnormal thyroid function of the obese, the affected fat tissue quicklyresponds to an appropriate therapy.On the other hand, emaciation in an originally lean patient with hyperthyroidism should be due mainly to a reduction in musde tissue, which graduallyimproves with treatment.Thus thyroid hormone plays an important role in the regulation ofserum lipids and volume of fat.In the case of treatment of obesity, we have an impression thatcaliper measurement by a physician can in itself have a good effect on controlling body weight.

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Computed tomography (CT) has proved to be a revolutionary and reliable method of detecting intracranial pathology.Application of this scanning technique to other portions of the human body has been the subject of considerable medical interest and the focal point ofexpanding research and development.One of the major fat deposits in the human body islocated subcutaneously.However, several other fat deposits exist in addition to subcutaneousfat, including intermuscular fat, intramuscular fat and fat surrounding the organs andgastrointestinal tract of the body, essential lipids in bone marrow, central nervous system andother organs.The distribution of body fat can be determined by CT applied to region ofinterest by treatment with CT number of adipose tissue.This investigation was undertaken todetermine the volume of adipose tissue in chest, abdomen and waist by CT.The scans wereperforied on a Toshiba TCT-80A whole body scamer with a scanning time of 9 sec and a slicethickness of 10 mm.Twenty-four subjects were included in this study, 15male and 9 female, The subjects' ages ranged from 58 to 76 years.In each slices, the proportion of fat situatedsubcutaneously in the women was higher than men, but no significant differences in intemal fat between the both sexes.

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In an epidemiologic cross-sectional study, 366 transport workers who were engaged in heavyphysical work in uncomfortable body positions in narrow freight spaces of airplanes wereinvestigated with regard to their subjective and objective muscuioskeletal complaints by astandardized interview and an additional clinical orthopedic examination.Back and knee complaints were the most frequently reported complaints.The prevalence of back pains increased with age and stature significantly, the prevalence of knee pains with ageand weight.In contrast to these subjective complaints the objective findings of the clinicalexamination showed very little influence upon anthropometric measures such as body weight and stature.

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To prescribe exercise protocols to patients with ischaernic heart disease in the phase threeof cardiac rehabilitation, the cardiorespiratory responses between treadmill exercise stresstesting and outdoor exercises were compared.Nine healthy subjects and six patientsperforned both symptom-limited maximal exercise(one-mimte incremental work load), and outdoor exercises(walking, jogging and running).Inter-or extra-polation method was appliedto compare the tests.No significant differences were observed in maximal values of heart rate, oxygen uptake and cardiorespiratory responses during walking and jogging.Pulmonaryventilation during running outdoor sshowed higher values than that during maximal treadmilltesting.These results indicate that we can prescribe exercise protocol by METS or work loadto the patients with ischaemic heart disease in phase three of cardiac rehabilitation by takingthe cardiorespiratory responses during treadmill into consideration.

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Respiratory heat loss (RHL) were measured under thermal neutral helium-oxygen hyperbaric conditions until 101 bar on 2 cats and RHL was measured under atmospheric air andhyperbaric helium-oxygen conditions of 91 bar with variation of the inspired gas temperature(ambient temperature) on 3 cats.In spite of under thermal neutral zone, respiratory heat loss increased at high ambientpressure causing mainly by the augmentation of respiratory convective heat loss.The ratio of respiratory heat loss to metabolic heat production elevated from 10% at atmospheric air to 30∼35% at hyperbaric helium-oxygen (30∼35 bar), and under ambient pressure abcve 30∼40 barthi sratio is nearly constant 30∼35%.Helium-oxygen hyperbaric condition of 91 bar, the respiratory heat loss remarkablyincreased at cold environment and their ratio to metabolic heat production was 70∼80% at30°C inspired gas temperature (ambient temperature).If the relation between this ratio andinspired gas temperature were extrapolated to temperature of 27∼28°C, all heat producted bymetabolism is lossed by only respiration, in spite of increase of metabolic heat production atcold environment.Under low ambient temperature of helium-oxygen hyperbaric condition, the penetration ofcold inspired gas in the body core probably give the important influences on physiologicalfunctions.

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This report is a comparative study on the differences between the sexes about thedistribution of the skin temperature, moisture under clothes and amomt of sweat in differentthermal conditions.Three healthy males and females were served as subjects.The environ-mental temperatures were set at 35°C, 30°C, 25°C, 20°C, 15°C, and 10°C.The skin temperaturesof various parts of the body were measured by thermister themometers.The results were as follows:1.The skin temperatures of the females were generally lower than those of the males and thedifference were remarkable at the lower and upper extrimities.2.The differences of skin temperatures among thermal conditions of the females were greaterthan those of the males.3.The moisture under clothes and the amount of sweat of the males were both considerablyhigher than those of the females in hot environments.4.When the clothing was changed in the cold environment, the skin temperatures of the maleswearing thin clothing were greater than those of the femaies.

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This study assessed the regional differences of warmth and thermal comfort sensation.Fivemale students participated in this study.A flexible heater (9×10cm) was applied to sixregions of the body (chest, abdomen, shoulder, forearm, thigh and sole).Temperature of theheater was held at 40°C and ambient temperature was controlled at 30°C (R.H.50%).Thesubjects were asked to report anassessment of warmth and thermal comfort for heated region.The durations of heating were 5 sec, 60 sec and 300 sec.In 5 sec and 60 sec heating, the fegional differences of warmth and thermal comfortsensation were observed to be significant.The regional differences were larger in 60 secheating than in 5 sec heating.The sensitivity of sole was shown to be significantly lower thanthat of the other region of the body.

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It is well known the traditional concept that the O₂-kinetics following exercise is bestdeschbed by a bi-exponential curve (its called `fast'and`slow component').This study wasmade an attempt to evolve an estimation method of parameters of fast and slow componentin O₂ uptake during recovery.The method described here was based on the weighted leastsquare method.Its validity was exermined by means of the application to simulation data.Furthermore, its availability was checked by means of the comparison between estimatedparameters by this method and an ordinary method.The results of this study were;1) a sufficient validity of estimations by this method wasconfirmed because it was not seen a bias of estimated values against the true value of eachparameter, and 2) higher accuracy of estimations by this method was found as compared withthat by an ordinary method.It is pointed out, however, that the lack of data in relation to fastcomponent, i.e., rough sampling interval in initial phase during recovery, affects the accuracyof estimation, and that it is necessary to appear the nature of errors existed in observationvalues.

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