The Annals of physiological anthropology
Print ISSN : 0287-8429
Volume 6, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
  • Ruiko TAKAHASHI, Akira NAGATA
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 197-205
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study deals with the kinetic relationship between hardness of foods and occlusal functions, During occlusion, the EMG surface of the masseter and mandibular acceleration were recorded ; occlusal functions were then analysed by the comuter, Summary findings of the study are : l) During occlusal movements, amplitude of muscle discharges and mandibular acceleration increased in proportion to the hardness of foods, This relationship was shown as a longitudinal function change between EMG signals and the hardness of foods. 2) Occlusal forces were shown to increase withage, and appear to be influenced by eating habits. 3) Occlusal functions could be measured kinetically by integrated EMG of the masseter and acceleration signals of the mandibular.
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  • Kouki INOUE, Tetsuya HASEGAWA, Masaharu KUMASHIRO
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 207-215
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Plugging-in of a wood piece for the culture of shiitake mushroom is one of machine-assisted works in forestry, and is achieved by the use of an electric drill. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of this work on the psychophysiological functions of workers. The work consisted of two conditions ; working on a work table and working on the bare ground. The work load was examined by multifaceted observation. Results indicated that the CFF and the function of concentration (TAF-test) when compared with pre-work values were not significantly reduced after approximately 50 minutes of work. But the work perfonuance produced a local muscular load due to work in unnatural work postures and the workers feel fatigue due to work itself. However, working on the work table had effects on mitigation on the work load, shortening of the working time and improvement of the work postures.
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  • Hidenori TOGAMI, Shinji MIYAKE, Masaharu KUMASHIRO
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 217-222
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Air conduction and bone conduction andiometric hearing tests are in general use. However, these screening tests have some shortcomings. They are greatly influenced by background noise and so need a sound proof room. Also, the auditory information on hearing loss is sometimes hindered by patients intentional lying or by a mistake in hearing. To overcome these problems, an apparatus that pursues tracks of auditory pitch stimulus through headphones in a special frequency range with hearing sound pressure has been developed. The pursuit tracking performances of auditory pitch and hearing loss values are highly mutually correlated at IKHZ and 4KHZ Stimulus frequency ranges. In this paper it is thown that the pursuit tracking of auditory pitch was effective as a screening test to distinguish hearing loss under noisy conditions.
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  • Tomoaki SATO, Terufumi SAKAMOTO, Yoshinao NAKAGAWA, Yoshio MOROTOMI, K ...
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 223-229
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of treadmill running on the metabolism of protein in several tissues were studied in male Wistar rats, aged 5 weeks and weighing about 100g. Rats were divided into sedentary and exercise groups with free food intake. Exercise program consisted of treadmill running of 60 minutes a day at 30m/min on 6 days a week for 12 weeks. The effects of exercise were as follows. l) Lowering of body weight and increment in mg tissue/g body weight ratios. 2) Significantly low level of protein content in liver and kidney. 3) Promotion in vivo incorporation of 14C-amino acid mixture into gastrocnemius muscle and liver protein. 4) In brain, both of protein content and incorporation of 14C=amino acid mixture were not affected. From this study it was suggested that, when loaded with high intensity and long duration of exercise, protein content and protein synthesis tended to show reciprocal changes. And that maintenance of protein content and protein turnover in brain indicated the existence of internal mechanism for life conservation in severe environment.
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  • Yuhei ICHIMARU, Yasuyuki KODAMA, Midori ICHIMARU, Yosinori SATO, Takas ...
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 231-238
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We developed a new system for the evaluation of autonomic nervous tone by heart rate spectral analysis during twenty-four-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. Automatic detection of prominent respiratory peak in power spectra could be done by applying the threshold value of eight of the S/N ratio with sensitivity of 80.8% and specificity of 97.1%. The prominent respiratory peak is observed predominantly during sleep. The confidence interval and confidence arc of the amplitude at maximal S/N ratio during ECG monitoring in nine normal subjects are between 5.99 bpm and ll.45 bpm, and between 0 : 16AM and 4 : 48 AM respectively. This method may provide a way of monitoring cardiac parasympathetic activity over 24 hours.
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  • Shigeki WATANUKI, Kazuo MIHIRA
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 239-246
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of the electromyogram (EMG) and the heart rate (HR) during the dynamic work on the different pressure or pressure area by wearing the pressure suit which can apply pressure to the human body surface by the region individually. The EMG of the m, flexor carpi ulnaris and the m. biceps brachii during the upper extremities work (UEW) and the m. vastus lateralis during the lower extremities work (LEW) were measured. The subjects flexed their arms (UEW) or legs (LEW) at the elbow or knee joints angle 90-180 degrees with the load of 8%MVC of the m. biceps brachii or m. vastus lateralis respectively. The pressure applied was 10mmHg in the both works and 30mmHg (UEW) or 40mmHg (LEW). The pressure time before the work was 3min. or 40min.. In the UEW, upper extremities, upper+lower extremities, or whole body was pressured. In the LEW, lower extremities, lower+upper extremities, or whole body was pressured. The EMG of the working muscle in the both works was increased when the pressure applied to the region containing the working muscle or to the upper and lower extremities in the same time. The pressure was applied to the whole body, however, the increase of the EMG was not significant compared with that of the control value (non-pressure). The EMG of the m, biceps brachii during the UEW was large compared with that of the m. vastus lateralis. during the LEW against the same pressure. The HR was only increased when the pressure applied to the region containing the working muscle. The results suggest that 1) the effects of the pressure on the dynamic work is weak when the whole body is pressured by the present pressure suit, 2) attention should be given to the load of muscles in the upper extremity when the pressure suit is inflated, 3) the effects of the pressure on the HR is weak in the range of this work intensity.
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  • Shigeki WATANUKI, Kazuo MIHIRA
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 247-254
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of the pressure sensation and the finger and the finger and the toe tip plethysmogram during the period of the pressurization on the different pressure area by using the pressure suit which can apply pressure to the human body surface by the region individually. There are two cases for pressurization. One case is that the pressure applies to each region to investigate the regional characteristics against the pressure. The other is that the pressure applies to more than two regions at the same time to investigate the effect of the increase of the pressure area. The pressure was recorded when the subjects felt the following pressure sensation of "slightly tight" "tight", or "fairly tight" The plethysmogram of the both hands (Digitus II) and the feet (Digitus I) were measured. The results were as follows. In the case of the pressure applied to each region, the chest and back was the most sensitive region against the same pressure. The pressure against the same pressure sensation became small according as the pressure area increased except the pressure applied to the trunk. When the pressure applied to the whole body, the pressure against the same pressure sensation was the smallest. The degree of decrease of the finger and toe tip plethysmogram were not changed by the pressure area and the increment of the pressure area when the pressure applied to the limbs. When the pressure applied to the upper extremities, the degree of the decrease of the finger tip plethysmogram was larger than that of the toe tip plethysmogram when the pressure applied to the lower extremities against the same pressure. The finger and the toe plethysmograms were also decreased by the pressure applied to the chest and back. In the case of the pressure applied to the whole body, the decrease of the plethysmograms were at almost the same degree compared with those obtained by the pressure applied to the limbs. The results suggest that 1) attention should be given to the pressure methods of the chest and back because of the high sensitivity against the pressure, 2) the increment of the pressure area influence on the psychological discomfort and not on blood flow, and 3) if the pressure applies to the whole body at the same pressure, the physiological load of the upper extremities may become large compared with that of lower extremities.
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  • Tetsumi HORIKOSHI, Mariko DOI, Chikako TSUJII
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 255-266
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of exposure time and pattern upon the human physiological and psychological responses in a cool and air-conditioned room and to evaluate conductive heat loss between the human body and a chair or floor surface. Two male and two female subjects participated in a series of experiments as follows : EXPI : 3 hour exposure to 23 °C air temperature. EXP2 : Repetitive 30 minute exposure to 23 °C air temperature following 30 minute exposure to 27 °C air temperature. EXP3 & EXP4 : 3 hour exposure to 27 °C air temperature. In experiments (EXP1. EXP2. EXP3) subjects sat on a chair vinyl leather chair. In experiment EXP4, however, subjects sat on a cane chair to minimize conductive heat loss. The following results were obtained. 1) The influence of heat conduction between the humen body and a chair was observed as the differences of mean clothing temperature calculated from four different formulae. 2) Subjects vote "thermal neutral" at air temperature of 24 °C and mean skin temperature of 33 °C. 3) Conductive heat loss occupied about 4% to total heat loss for each subject. It may be necessary to properly estimate heat conduction in analyses of human heat exchange. 4) There is a significant difference between the experiments EXPI and EXP2 in mean skin and mean clothing temperatures. 5) Regions of the skin can be classified to central, intermediate and peripheral regions by the cluster analysis. 6) Subjects' psychological responses were measured by Semantic Differential method. It was then found that subjects preferred the consistently cool environment to thermal transients.
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  • Kohki MIKAMI, Soichi IZUMI, Masaharu KUMASHIRO
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 267-281
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to best utilize middle to elderly aged female workers, aspects of work load and the level of Psychophysiological functions of middle to elderly aged female workers in a sewing factory have been investigated through field research. In addition, these results have been compared with a field research study of male workers in a machine factory. The results obtained were as followes ; l) The level of many Psychophysiological functions before and after work were significantly lower for the middle to elderly aged female workers than for the younger female workers in a sewing factory. 2) The complaints of subjective feelings of fatigue, of sites of physical fatigue symptoms and of cumulative fatigue index in the middle to elderly aged female workers were lower compared with those of the younger female workers in a sewing factory. The clear correspondence of the decrease of the level of Psychophysiological functions to feelings of fatigue was not recognized with the increasing age. 3) The decrease of Psychophysiological functions of middle to elderly aged female workers was not recognized and the complaint rates of feelings of fatigue were lower through daily work in a sewing factory. It was not observed that there was any difference in ability or in job performance between middle to elderly aged female workers and younger female workers. The tendencies for 1)-3) were comparatively similar to the results of middle to elderly aged male workers in a machine factory. Therefore, it was suggested that there was the adaptablity of middle to elderly aged workers for these light job regardless of sex. 4) The job consciousness, the Self-Actualization, the sense of job achievment and the weariness in female workers in a sewing factory showed different tendencies when compared with those of male workers in a machine factory. 5) The Ist category, "dullness and drowsiness" was the dominant pattern in subjective feelings of fatigue in middle to elderly aged female workers observed before and after work in a sewing factory. It was also surmised that work load was comparatively light. It was also thought that accumlated skills and knowledge in middle to elderly aged female workers had to be put to practical use in these light jobs.
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  • Michihiko OGATA
    1987 Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 283-284
    Published: October 01, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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