[in Japanese]

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a questionnaire survey on dental care cooperation for HIV patients at general dental clinics in major hospital block areas, including Sendai, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, and Fukuoka, and to investigate the factors inhibiting the acceptance of such patients.

Subjects and Methods: A questionnaire survey regarding knowledge of HIV, dental care of patients, and infection control was conducted, and the answers obtained?including 1, 462 cases at general dental clinics-were analyzed.
Results: Regarding how to respond to the situation when HIV patients visit, 332 (23.8%) general dentists answered that they would see the patients. But, 1, 011 (72.5%) general dentists answered that they would ask for the dental treatment of the patents from major hospital block areas. 51 (3.6%) general dentists answered that the treatment would be refused. As for reasons why care is difficult, the answer from the vast majority at general dental clinics was that infection control is not sufficiently covered, and other answers included a lack of information about dental care, thus also indicating staff were unwilling. As for infection control, no manuals had been created in 48.9% of all surveyed dental clinics. With regard to sterilizing handpieces, 256 (18.6%) general dental clinics answered that sterilization is carried out for all patients. As for wearing gloves in practice, 795 (57.0%) general dentists responded that they always wear gloves. The wearing of gloves decreased with age.
Conclusion: From these results, it appears that inadequate infection control and a lack of information about dental care make dental care for HIV patients difficult, and comprehensive standard precautions, the disclosure of information for HIV dental care, training focused on major hospitals, and furthermore, increased financial support from the government are required in order to promote cooperation in this matter.

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Objective: It is good news for HIV virus-infected patients there are many options of anti-retroviral treatment. Good treatment brings them healthy lives and long-term survival. It will be not so good news for them that they must take medicines every day for the rest of their lives.
Material and Methods: We observed the long-term clinical course of two cases of HIVinfected patients for whom we stopped anti-retroviral treatment because of accidental events, one was side effects, the other was childbirth. We observed their clinical course from the point of the view whether it is good or not to stop anti-retroviral treatment.
Results: After stopping anti-retroviral treatment, we could measure their viral load, and their counts of CD4 were decreasing, but not so severe. Their quality of life is good, and they have no clinical symptoms.
Conclusion: We are thinking now it will be not so bad for HIV-infected patients to make a pause in anti-retroviral treatment, if they satisfy certain conditions.

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Objectives: This study aims to review HIV prevention programs that were evaluated by using RCT, with a special focus on methods.
Methods: In 2006, we systematically searched PubMed to identify evaluations of behavioral interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviors. Articles, published from Nov 2001 to Nov 2006, were identified by using four keywords (HIV, sexual behavior, education, prevention) and RCT. Out of 45 articles we identified, 17 articles met our inclusion criteria.
Results: Intervention programs for intervention groups were based on behavioral theories and guidelines. There were some issues about programs for control groups ; provision programs had little connection to HIV prevention such as nutrition and exercise, big differences excited in the conditions with intervention groups which the programs provided, and contents and conditions lacked description. Only 2 studies could assess the effects of a particular factor in the programs, and the remaining 15 studies were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the entire program.
Conclusion: This review reveals that the effectiveness caused by the difference of individual components and conditions of the intervention programs was not considered sufficiently. For establishment of better intervention program, we suggest it is necessary to focus on evaluating the efficacy of particular factors as well as the entire intervention program.

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