This study uses HMD-based VR to evaluate how ceiling shape influences spatial impression and perceived volume in museum exhibition rooms. Sloped and barrel-vault ceilings were each modeled at three slope (25–45%) and height (4–6 m) levels, creating 18 conditions. Participants explored these via a Meta Quest Pro and rated 17 dimensions (e.g., openness, comfort) on a seven-point scale. Factor analysis extracted principal impression factors, and SEM quantified the impact of ceiling parameters. By sidestepping the limitations of physical setups, this VR approach offers evidence-based guidance for future museum ceiling design.

This study clarified the multifaceted impact of student employment in elderly care facilities on both residents and professional staff. Students mainly supported staff by performing environmental maintenance, and daytime-shift students also took part in care-related duties. Early and late shift students tended to build more resident-led, reciprocal relationships, as their interactions were often initiated by residents themselves. Meanwhile, daytime students’ behavior gradually resembled that of professional staff. If resident-led interaction is to be cultivated as a secondary benefit, future planning must consider thoughtful task allocation and strategic staffing.

This study examines Okuizumo Town in Shimane Prefecture, which retained two central hubs following the merger of two towns during the Heisei period, while preserving elementary schools, preschools, and other facilities as dispersed sub-bases in each old village district. It clarifies the changes and challenges in facilities and daily life functions in old village districts from the time of the merger to the present. It also evaluates the maintenance of sub-bases, concerns about school reorganization, and possible directions for future initiatives. In more proactive districts, efforts are being made to maintain connections between residents and students even after school reorganization.

Under the Barrier-Free Act established in 2006, newly built, rebuilt, or extended buildings with a total floor area exceeding 2,000 square meters are required to comply with accessibility regulations. As a result, the accessibility of small-scale facilities depends on the ordinances and policies of local governments. In practice, physical barriers in small-scale facilities often remain, forcing people with reduced mobility to give up on entering them. Therefore, this study evaluated the accessibility of building entrances through field surveys conducted in multiple areas, as well as interviews with local residents and officials, and proposes improvement measures tailored to regional characteristics.

The purpose of this paper is to consider and clarify the process of the transformation of works by Frank O. Gehry from 2001 to 2020. This paper traces and describes architectural pieces designed by Gehry, including Marta Herford Museum, Lou Ruvo Center Brain Health, Foundation Louis Vuitton, Bio Museum, and Ohr - O’Keeffe Museum of Art, to reflect these apparent changes and to compare them with the stages of his style development and the Heinrich Wölfflin’s five contrary concepts, and reveal the presence of Renaissance, Mannerism, and Baroque in process

In the early twentieth century, electric tramways had a significant impact on urban policy and urban space in Japanese cities. This paper examines electric tramway development and related spatial projects in Sakai City, focusing on their relationship to the city’s policies on tourism and industrialization. The Hankai Electric Tramway project promoted the development of Ohama Park and contributed to an increase in the number of factories in the central urban area of Sakai City. These findings reveal that the electric tramway functioned as a foundational element in realizing the urban policy of Sakai City.

This study discusses the urban formation and composition of Davao, one of the latest Spanish cities founded in the Philippines. Through fieldwork and data collection, this study clarifies the major aspects regarding the urban structure of Davao’s urban core from a historical perspective. Unique elements regarding the block shape, street dimensions, and house typologies from the Spanish colonial period have been identified. These results provide a new perspective on the historical significance of Davao’s urban core, which in turn will help urban planners devise urban strategies to reconcile the past and the present in this historical area of Davao City.

The purpose of this study is to clarify how their land use changed before and after the designation of reserved land in Singapore’s Master Plan. As a case study, through an analysis of 48 discontinued and 121 existing hawker centres, 12 sites were extracted and classified into three types. As a result, five sites were considered for future land use while the hawker centres remained in interim use, and seven sites were planned for development for a variety of uses based on urban needs, not just specific purposes, for up to 10 years or more after designation as reserved land.

This study investigates the patterns of neighborhood interaction in Mayuan urban village of Kunming, using quantitative and qualitative methods. Cluster analysis identified six distinct relationship types, ranging from isolated individuals to highly engaged residents. Findings show significant differences by resident type, age, tenure, and spatial location. Older, long-term residents in the old village tend to form strong ties, while younger, short-termmigrants in the new area show limited engagement. Despite structural and psychological barriers, a majority express willingness for social interaction. The findings call for inclusive planning and low-barrier engagement spaces to foster integration and improve social cohesion.

This study clarifies the concepts underlying the layout plans for Yokufuen Main Site and Yokohama Branch Site, both asylums built in 1928, and the overseas influences on these plans. For this purpose, a literature survey was conducted, including foreign documents referenced by the designer, Tatsundo Toki. The results showed that the sites’ southern side was opened for outdoor activities. Additionally, the cottage system was implemented to create a home-like atmosphere. In particular, the outdoor cultivation seems to have been inspired by the work of A. Johnson, and the V-shaped building layout by the Fazakerley Sanatorium Competition in Liverpool.

In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey and analysis focusing on the values of users of park-like spaces with different ownership and management bodies (public parks, Park-PFI parks, and private parks) to clarify the value structure and present the differences in characteristics between park-like spaces. As a result, four common factors were identified: “emergent,” “garden-like," “tolerance,” and “lively.” In particular, it was revealed that “park-likeness” enhances “liveliness” in Park-PFI parks, while “tolerance” enhances “liveliness” and “emergence” in private parks. Public parks were interpreted as spaces where “tolerance” was valued.

This study analyzes factors influencing the utilization of roadside stations during major earthquake disasters. Logistic regression was applied to 97 stations near affected areas, classifying utilization into evacuation/stay, livelihood support, and relay hubs. Population scale and large-vehicle parking promoted evacuation use, while proximity to affected areas and the number of evacuation sites shaped livelihood support use. Relay hub use was driven mainly by proximity, suggesting unobserved qualitative and dynamic factors. These findings highlight the need for function-specific indicators and support more comprehensive disaster preparedness planning.

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) enables rapid, point-to-point urban transportation through vertiports integrated into existing infrastructure. However, implementation poses challenges including airspace restrictions, multimodal connectivity, and architectural feasibility. To address these, this study formulates a multi-scale framework for optimizing UAM vertiport placement. The framework consists of (1) vertiport distribution optimization based on projected demand and area coverage; (2) evaluation and adjustment of spatial distribution through site-specific constraints such as no-fly zones, architectural installation requirements, and accessibility conditions; and (3) a feedback loop to reassess placement efficiency. Applying this framework to Tokyo demonstrated its effectiveness and its applicability to early-phase UAM planning.

This study investigates regional variations in the relationship between accessibility of shopping facilities and land prices. The analysis distinguishes between large-scale commercial complexes and smaller retail outlets, such as supermarkets and convenience stores. The results indicate that the impact of proximity to large-scale commercial complexes on land prices varies across regions and, in some cases, exceeds the effect of proximity to the nearest station. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the positive impact of improved walkability to supermarkets and convenience stores on land prices is particularly significant in areas adjacent to large-scale commercial complexes and in car-dependent regions.

In this study, a cluster analysis was conducted to classify single mother households’ residential preferences based on a questionnaire survey of single mother households having relocation experience. Five distinct preference patterns were identified, with three indicating a higher likelihood of requiring housing support. Clusters with close proximity to relatives showed higher employment rates and greater housing satisfaction. Among the clusters with low settlement intentions, those that prioritized the residential environment showed an even lower willingness to settle than those that prioritized minimizing housing costs. This suggests that a higher housing cost burden may be linked to lower settlement intentions.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the regularity and the area differences of Okura-syo which were used for “kaimai” in the Hokuriku Region, from viewpoints of the location and the management system. The regularities were what had one door at the room in the Okura and what had a spatial structure of “Hirairi”. And, the area differences were on number of gates (opened to the wharf), existence of Gangi and scale of Okura. In conclusion, the cause of area differences was the location of Okura-syo removed from the river side, and the utilization of private sector vitality.

This article examined the “received quantity” and “stock quantity” of nail-rod around 1882, and the prices of square nails and round nails. The following points became clear.

The volume of trade in nail-rod began to decline in May 1882. The prices of square nails and round nails in Kyoto in January 1884 were known. Only square nails were available for nails 4 sun long or longer, square nails and round nails were the same price for nails 3.5 -2.5 sun long, and round nails were cheaper than square nails for nails 2 sun long or shorter.

This study reexamines the architectural standard design of brick-built military warehouses constructed by the Former Japanese Army between the Sino-Japanese War and First World Wars.

Building on prior research that identified shared architectural traits among existing arsenals, this paper clarifies that these standardized designs were part of a system termed “Han-Shiki.”

Unlike earlier studies that lacked access to official design documents, this work reveals Han-Shiki’s role through unexplored archival materials, demonstrating its significance not only in warehouse design but also in the broader logistical and architectural response of the army’s post-Russo-Japanese War infrastructure expansion.

Using “Kōkeiroku” and “Fusetsuroku” as the historical material, this paper examines the use of rooms and the setting up of the throne during Emperor Meiji visits to upper-class residences. The program consisted of rituals, feasts, and entertainment, with each throne set up in separate rooms. The room arrangements during Imperial visit followed the house’s zoning during ordinary times, with the throne set up with tables and chairs. Further, shoe wipes were set up in the Japanese-style buildings, and inside the houses, footwear was kept on. The furnishings and throne arrangement were common, suggesting that a standard format may have existed.

This paper is consisted of following three sections. First, it examines the planning process of Nara Prison and the career of Keijiro Yamashita, focusing on the transition to brick construction and the relocation to a new site. Second, it analyzes Yamashita’s ideas and responses by comparing the “original draft” and the “revised draft” for the Shinden site. Third, it explores Yamashita’s dual roles —as an engineer in the Ministry of Justice and as a supervisor in Nara Prefecture— through an analysis of the “renewed plan” for the new site at Hannya-ji.

Fukushima Prefectural Museum of Art was a project which Masato Otaka designed shortly after the completion of Gunma Prefectural Museum of History. It stands next to Fukushima Prefectural Library, designed the same time. In Gunma, Otaka was criticized for lacking harmony with the Museum of Modern Art, Gunma which stands next to the building designed by him. This study is to clarify how Otaka responded to criticism in Gunma, by analyzing the design process of two buildings of Fukushima. To achieve harmony between two buildings, Otaka avoided emphasizing contrast and tried to create the landscape of traditional fork houses.

This article presents the “Shukushi” for the opening of Tatsuno’s Slate Shokai, which corresponds to Niinomi Takamasa’s “Slate-buki Shodo setsu” and examines the introduction of slate roofing to Japan. The following points have become clear.

Tatsuno’s prayer was published in the Kodan Zasshi, and the theory that Tatsuno was the initiator of the slate roofing is valid. The Company was founded on December 25, 1889. Genjiro Shinozaki joined as chief engineer. Hakone Imperial Villa was a project undertaken by the company. The company building was a two-story wooden structure, with the second floor walls and roof covered in slate.

The Nanjing Guozijian was the highest educational institution and administrative body for education in Ming China. This study integrates historical documents, modern and ancient maps to determine its boundaries. Furthermore, through source criticism and other analytical methods, it examines key issues such as the expansion of the Confucian Temple, the construction of the Wenqu River, and the location of the Vice Chancellor’s official residence. Based on these findings, the study provides insights into the site selection and spatial layout of the Nanjing Guozijian.

This article examines the trade trends of nail-rod and nail in China from the 1870s to 80s by examining 19 volumes of “Commercial Reports in China.” The following points became clear.

Shanghai played a major role in the import of nail-rod and nail. The re-export of nail rods reached Nagasaki, Hyogo, and Yokohama, and the economic sphere was formed. During this period in China, square nails were used in conjunction with round nails, and this combination lasted longer than in Japan. Exports of nail-rod and nail from the UK to China were important products for eliminating the trade deficit.

This study examines the minutes of 1931 meetings of the architectural group Structural Study Associates (SSA) to clarify its early activities and internal debates. At these meetings, R. Buckminster Fuller and other members discussed the relationship between theory and practice in housing design. These exchanges reflected a shift in the group’s concerns and contributed to redefining its overall direction. As a result, the SSA moved from its original practice-oriented objectives toward a more philosophical exploration of design, while also recognizing the importance of “time” as a key element linking theory and practice.

This study investigates how regional cooperation has supported the sustainability of timber construction in Oguni town and Seiwa village. Despite geographic proximity, these two communities have developed distinct cooperative relationships due to differing fiscal capacities and industrial structures. The three-dimensional timber truss and the reciprocal frame, remain important regional assets, made possible by the ongoing involvement of diverse local positions. The research analyzes the roles of local governments, timber constructors, regional organizations, architects, and engineers across all phases. It aims to clarify how socio-economic conditions shaped the nature of cooperation and how these efforts contributed to sustaining timber architecture.

Over more than two centuries, the grid street system introduced by the 1811 Commissioners’ Plan has retained its fundamental structure while gradually transforming through insertion of passages, plazas, and facilities. This study conceptualizes this grid as the city’s “primary structure” and defines inserted passage and public spaces as“secondary structures.”It genealogically traces grid transformation caused by these insertions, using institutional triggers and spatial configurations. Particular attention is given to mid-block trails as a supplementary pedestrian passage within the grid that emerged through this process. Their formation is categorized and discussed within four genealogical stages:“Germ,”“Emergence,”“Development,” and “Generalization.”

This paper examines the concentration of public housing and has reached the following conclusions:

1. The closure of existing housing units has a more significant impact on the overall changes than the construction of new ones.

2. There is a trend towards the concentration of new units within residential induction zones, particularly in use districts.

3. The location of older units that have reached the end of their useful life has a substantial impact on concentration.

4. In clusters composed of municipalities with small habitable land areas, there was no housing supply during the target period.