In this study, we aim to clarify how the spatial composition of store facades in large-scale commercial facilities affects visitors’ impressions of the stores. First, the spatial composition of store facades was analyzed and classified into four types. Then, impression evaluations were conducted for each type. The results showed that ceiling designs extending beyond the lease line and connecting with adjacent stores or common areas influenced perceptions of approachability and favorability. Furthermore, the visual extension of stores into common areas and spatial connections at the lease line helped create a sense of unity and contributed to enhancing experiential value.

This study aims to develop a more concrete framework for work-mind synthesis with practical application in mind. To achieve this, we created two diagnostic questionnaire packages, by organizing questionnaire responses and comparing them with a self-organizing map (SOM). Based on previous SOM results and factor analysis, 21 or 42 questions were selected, considering high-centrality items from the U-Matrix and high-factor loading items. Additionally, we validated the user-classified maps from an alternative perspective, demonstrating their partial reliability. These questionnaire packages mark the first step in systematically controlling the peculiarities and biases of individual indicators.

The study interrogates nonhierarchical collaboration among decision-making actors in a manufacturer’s multifamily design process, focusing on changes that deviate from standardized systems. Meeting transcripts underpin cluster analysis of topic-word frequencies to reclassify design elements, revealing groupings that transcend conventional subsystems. We estimate correlations and partial correlations, visualize undirected collaboration graphs, and compute network-centrality indices to derive cluster-specific typologies. Results indicate that upper-level modifications—encompassing structural and façade—concentrate collaboration among specialized designers, whereas creative reinterpretations of standardized specifications heighten client involvement and cross-stakeholder coordination. As future challenges, we identify establishing institutional and technological frameworks and integrating these soft structures with physical production.

This paper aims to clarify the characteristics and effects of migration and settlement support by local organizations. The findings are as follows: 1）Local organizations were categorized into four types: “comprehensive,” “stay and settlement,” “housing and settlement,” and “residential.” 2）Support content varied depending on organizational form, scope of activities, member attributes, funding sources, and collaboration with local governments. There was a tendency for the implementation rate of settlement support to be higher when members included UJI-turners. 3）Migrants who used local organization’s support showed higher satisfaction and stronger settlement intention.

This paper aims to elucidate the characteristics of spatial composition observed in the squatter settlements along the freight railway land and the slum upgrading area in Bonkai, Bangkok, Thailand. The analysis focuses on building typologies and their uses, the configuration of external and shared spaces, and the relationship between interior and exterior spaces in each area. Through comparative analysis, the study examines the distinctive spatial characteristics unique to each region. The results reveal clear differences between the spontaneously formed squatter settlements and the planned and developed slum upgrading area, including variations in residents’ lifestyles, spatial hierarchies, and terrain-based spatial order.

Eliminating densely built-up areas is crucial for safety and livability, as they exacerbate earthquake damage. This study investigated project conditions in such areas and examined methods for their elimination in local small cities. Findings indicate that removing vacant houses is more cost-effective than land readjustment projects and allows the land to be reserved for disaster prevention. Consequently, utilizing vacant house removal was suggested as a viable maintenance strategy for densely built-up areas in local small cities.

This study clarifies the formation process of underground pedestrian spaces in the Umeda area and analyzes the historical transitions in their connections with surrounding stations.

First, based on urban planning projects related to the construction of underground passages, it examines how these spaces were developed from 1926 to 1970, starting with the initial planning stages.

Building on this foundation, the study focuses on the connection patterns between the underground pedestrian spaces developed by 1970 and surrounding stations, providing a detailed analysis of the evolution of these connections.

The Kuramae neighborhood in Taito Ward, which has developed through manufacturing industries, has seen the emergence of cafes and retail stores as a result of private-sector-led manufacturing-based urban development initiatives that began with the Taito Designers Village. This study focuses on the physical changes in the area since 2000, clarifying how small commercial facilities such as retail stores and cafes, including those run by graduates of the Designers Village, have accumulated in the Kuramae area, and presenting an analysis of the fundamental conditions necessary for the area to sustain itself.

In local cities, many agricultural lands remain within urban areas due to factors such as accelerating population decline and declining development pressure. It is important to understand the distribution patterns of agricultural land when considering future utilization methods for agricultural land within urban areas. In this study, we clarified the actual distribution patterns of agricultural land within urban areas and conducted case studies targeting local cities with large areas of agricultural land remaining within their urban areas to clarify the urban structural characteristics of the remaining large agricultural areas.

In recent years, urban planning has focused on creating comfortable and safe walking environments to enhance liveliness. However, the summer heat poses a major challenge. Since pedestrians tend to choose shaded areas, it’s important to understand their migratory behavior when implementing improvements. This study presents a simulation-based evaluation method that incorporates pedestrian behavior and summer thermal conditions. By applying the model to three scenarios involving shade introduction, the study confirms the effectiveness of such measures. The results demonstrate that this approach can serve as a practical tool for planning and assessing thermal environment improvements in urban spaces.

This study clarifies the characteristics and spatial distribution of public contributions in 16 Special Districts for Urban Regeneration in Osaka City from three analytical perspectives:

1. Initiation type of public contributions (developer-initiated or government-requested)

2. Public space development contributions

3. Public contributions made both within and outside the district

This study examined the implementation of public contributions and the use of incentives in Special Districts for Urban Regeneration in Osaka City.

This qualitative study investigates the complex interplay between peri-urbanization and flood vulnerability in the peri-urban area of low-lying cities, using Phnom Penh as a case study. It reveals a paradoxical cycle where rapid, market-driven development disrupts existing drainage, displaces flood risks, and exacerbates systemic vulnerability despite localized interventions. Findings from interviews and document analysis highlight significant governance fragmentation, policy and practice misalignment, and reactive grey infrastructure response. While barriers to nature-based solutions (NbS) exist, the study identifies pathways forward, emphasizing the potential of hybrid grey-green infrastructure and leveraging government-developer collaboration to achieve equitable flood resilience in rapidly developing low-lying cities.

This study was conducted to clarify the contribution of buildings to environmental impacts, including global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, photochemical oxidants, and eutrophication. Results indicate that climate change and acidification are significantly influenced by material manufacturing, with concrete, steel frames, and reinforcing bar having the greatest impact. Ozone depletion and eutrophication are predominantly affected by polyurethane and plastic tiles, while photochemical oxidants are influenced by metal products. This study highlights the importance of evaluating not only building type and structural attributes but also the impacts of materials and life cycle processes, providing key insights for effective multi-criteria assessments.

Steel-framed brick buildings in the Meiji era were dependent on imported steel construction parts from Western mills. This article aims to reveal the import system and its effects on Japanese architecture by analyzing the Journal of Architecture and Building Science and primary documents related to the Former Crown Prince’s palace and the Previous Mitsui Main Building. The study clarified: (1) the journal had featured steel construction even before its introduction to Japan, (2) steel-framed brick buildings preferred private trading companies as a reliable means of import and (3) dependence on imported steel affected design and education of the steel construction.

João Rodrigues (c. 1562–1633), in his manuscript The History of the Church in Japan, provides one of the earliest European accounts contrasting the tea hospitality practices of China and Japan. In this work, he identifies several key divergences in both behaviour and spatial organisation, including the development of the Japanese tearoom, the practice of sitting on tatami mats, and the influence of inkyo and Zen Buddhism. By contrast, in China, architectural spaces for tea were more flexible and multifunctional, seating practices relied primarily on chairs, and tea-related behaviour reflected philosophical tendencies shaped by sensory pleasure and cosmological beliefs.

From the beginning of 20^th century, BFBS has established a broad network of translating and selling Christ Bible with Shanghai depot as the head quarter in China. Studies on Bible linguistics and Christ theology have been developed, however, BFBS’s architectural history has not yet been paid attention until its archives were discovered by the author in 2012.

To that extent, this paper tries to clarify the planning process and architectural design of Shanghai depot in 1905-1930, aiming to provide a basic knowledge on the architectural compositions and spatial characteristic of BFBS depot in Modern East Asia.

This paper examines the term modulus in Alberti’s architectural theory, aiming to clarify its meaning as a representational medium. The investigation also refers to Alberti’s theories of the visual arts outside architecture and to related terminology. It concludes that modulus denotes not only a standard measure or, depending on context, a temporal interval, but also, when used in conjunction with the term exemplar (exemplarium), meaning a physical model, can signify a sketch. In architecture, such a sketch functions in the early stage of creation as a medium for exploratory trial and error and serves as a reference for subsequent stages.

The study focuses on Cité Jean-Decoux amid a growing need for middle-class housing in French Indochina's hill station after the Cité-Jardin’s development in France. Archive documents were used to identify the project overview and site. A field survey assessed existing housing conditions, and plans were analyzed through measured surveys. While inheriting the Cité-Jardin framework, Cité Jean-Decoux features large gardens, addressing leisure needs. The garden city philosophy of low-rise, low-density housing was more faithfully applied. This project is an important example of Cité Jardin in Indochina, serving as public housing, promoting social class mixing, and adapting to the characteristics of Dalat.

This study attempts to clarify the continuity of the rurban landscape by examining the spatial composition of the areas surrounding country elevators and the appearance of them. Initially, the spatial composition of the rural city was analyzed by focusing on land use, its distribution, and density. Secondly, the patterns of the appearance of country elevators and four life activities in rural city were analyzed by the variations of arrangement of elevational elements that compose the view from the surrounding roads. Finally, four typical patterns of rurban landscape continuity were identified based on the above-mentioned data.

This study clarifies the morphological characteristics of mid-block trails in Manhattan. Based on the 1811 Commissioners’ Plan, pedestrian passages have been developed through Privately Owned Public Spaces since the 1961 Zoning Resolution. Through field surveys and measurements of 60 cases north of Houston Street, mid-block trails were classified into three types―tunnel, street, and arcade―and their morphological and chronological transformations examined. While all three types coexisted and were intensively developed in the 1960s–1970s, their patterns differentiated after the 1980s, and new constructions decreased after the late 1990s. In recent years, the street type has reappeared in limited forms with plaza-like characteristics.