日本建築学会計画系論文報告集

表紙

原稿種別: 表紙
1990 年 414 巻 p. Cover1-
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_Cover1

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目次

原稿種別: 表紙
1990 年 414 巻 p. Cover2-
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_Cover2

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CONTENTS

原稿種別: 目次
1990 年 414 巻 p. Toc1-
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_Toc1

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「日本建築学会構造系論文報告集ならびに日本建築学会計画系論文報告集」論文募集

原稿種別: 目次
1990 年 414 巻 p. Toc2-
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_Toc2

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奥付

原稿種別: 目次
1990 年 414 巻 p. Toc3-
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_Toc3

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4チャンネルマイクロホンシステムを用いた正四面体頂点法による室内音場の解析

関口克明, 木村翔, 羽入敏樹, 松本栄一郎

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 1-11
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_1

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This paper describes the development of a sound field measurement method which is aimed at analyzing spatial information of the sound field in a room. This measurement system, which we have developed, has 4 microphones and each of them is installed at the peak point of a regular tetrahedron. With this method, spatial information of individual wave front is analyzed from the impulse responses of four points which are completely synchronized. With the introduction of a deconvolution method, measuring accuracy for waveform analysis is greatly improved and the analysis operation becomes much faster. By using models of which the image source positions already known, we have conducted experimental studies on the identification of sound source positions and frequency distortion by repeated reflection. Furthermore, we have detected virtual sound sources and have recomposed the waveform in actual sound fields. The results of these experiments indicate that the measurements are accurate and that the measurement method can be used effectively.

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気象要素を用いた数値計算モデルによる大気補正手法に関する研究 : 航空機MSSの熱赤外域データに対する大気補正

梅干野晁, 内山一雄

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 13-21
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_13

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Difference of atmospheric effect in seasons and districts was discussed by the results of ground truth. In addition, we proposed an effective method for atmospheric correction using weather parameter which can be obtained readily. Following results were shown, 1. Difference of atmospheric effect in two seasons and in three districts was clarified by the regression lines by using the CCT value of thermal infrared band and surface radiant temperatures measured by ground truth. In summer when mass of water vapor is big, although it was observed that 10℃ difference between measuring data and correcting data was occured by atmospheric effect, there was a little effect in winter. The regression line of Tajima district located in an industrial zone was different from those of other districts. 2. Two black body temperatures of MSS which were corrected atmospheric absorption by simulation almost lay on the regression line with the ground truth data in Takatsu and Yurigaoka districts except Tajima district. In addition to the correction of atmospheric scattering, corrected MSS two black body temperatures of MSS almost lay on the line of Tajima district. 3. Difference of 2℃ was observed between atmospheric effect at the both ends of a scanning line and that at the center in the MSS data on a clear summer day, therefore, atmospheric correction was made by a simulation method considering the sensor's look angle.

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タバコ煙の室内表面付着に関する実験研究

岩田利枝, 土井晋, 木村建一, 田辺新一

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 23-30
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_23

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A method to quantify the amount of tobacco smoke adhered on the surface material is proposed and the results of odor sensation experiment on adhered tobacco smoke using subjects are presented. First, we developed a new technique to quantify adhered tobacco smoke based on infrared spectroscopy. The experiment boxes were filled with different concentrations of tobacco smoke and after 14 hours tobacco smoke in the box was pulled out by ventilation. Then the subjects were asked to judge the intensity and acceptability of the odor of the air in the box. The odor in the box with a small amount of tobacco smoke adhered on the surfaces caused more than 60% of dissatisfied with one air change per hour. And it was showed that substance from tobacco smoke was adhered on the floor more than other surfaces. As results of field investigations we found that not only levels of tobacco smoke decides the amount adhered in the actual spaces.

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ドライエリアによる地下室採光の研究

中谷明男

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 31-38
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_31

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I have examined the relation between the size of any dry area connected with an underground room and its daylighting performance by means of simulation. As a result, I proposed an equation by which we can approximately estimate the gain in daylight in any underground room with a dry area in terms of the ratio to that in the same room on the ground, and a nomograph in which we can read the above ratio corresponding to any size of dry area was presented. Moreover, another nomograph telling us the necessary amount of enlargement of the window's area to recover the shortage of daylight in an underground room was also presented. The measured values on a model room of 1/15 scale proved a good agreement with the computed values in the simulation.

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日米加の建築法規の比較研究 : 技術革新に対する建築法規の対応

戸谷英世

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 39-46
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_39

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The building codes in USA and Canada are not administrative law by themselves. They don't have any legal authority, unless they are adopted and enforced by local governments. In USA, building codes have been prepared by nonprofit private organizations, and in Canada, building code has been set up by Canadian government (BRCC). If the contents of those building codes are not up to date ones, local governments don't want to enforce them. Therefore those organizations which set up building codes are oblized to revise their building codes as up to date ones, through adopting current inovative building technology. Japanes building code has been initially set up as an enforced administrative law, and enforced by the Minister of Construction (central government). The laws must enforced without errores. Local governments must work as the parts of the organizations of central government. Central government doesn't give any free dicision to interpretate building code to local governments, lest the confusion of interpretation should occur. If some building accidents will be occured, people are doubt whether building code has any errors or government officials made mistakes. Therefore not only government officials but also building admnistration themselves don't want to permit to imprement inovative building technologies if they are not mentioned in the building code. The only exception to implement inovative building technologies is use saving clauses such as Article 38 Japanese Building Code.

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在館者の行動にもとづく火災フェイズのとらえ方 : 火災フェイズの概念にもとづく避難安全性の評価方法に関する研究(その1)

矢代嘉郎

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 47-57
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_47

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This paper describes the fire phases which I propose through analyzing the records of occupant's behavior in the building fires. The purpose of this analysis is to establish the fire phases as a fire spreading process model in order to set conditions of the analytical evaluation method of life safety. The method of this analysis is to understand the relation between human behavior and fire situation from the fire records. Fire phases are defined as different aspects about behavior through evaluating the indices of variety of behavior to the category of fire situation. The data for the analysis are the records of occupant's behavior in the 2 severe fires, these are "Sennichimae Building Fire" and "Taiyo Department store Fire". As the result of the analysis, the 7 phases are established as the different aspects in building fire from a point of view of human behavior, and the causes which develop a building fire from phase to phase are determined. This fire phase model is applied to the 81 fire records. It is explained that there are 5 types of building fire spreading process which have respective characteristics of life safety.

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特別養護老人ホームの火災時における入所者の避難行動能力と職員の介助能力についての研究

佐藤克之

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 59-68
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_59

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The objective of this inveatigation/study is to establish some kind of system to evaluate to what extent staff and others at welfare institutions can manage to safely take out the aged people who are unable to asecape by themselves when a fire breaks out. We have conducted the following survey, based on our preliminary plan, at special nuesing homes for the aged people. 1) We observed the escaping ability of all patients/residents in case of a fire through fire escape drills at one institution. According to tha result, it was found that 84 percent of patients/residents were not capable of self-escape, and that rescue at night was more difficult. 2) Conducting fire escape drills, we confirmed the following. It was possible to take out all of them safely during the daytime when enough staffs were available. On the other hand, in the evening only a partial rescue was possible, which necessitated the help of people in the neighborhood. Also, at least two escape hatches on a floor were needed. 3) Inspecting both visible and invisible dangerous factors in the buildings, we found that hoses form indoor fireplugs impeded smooth evacuation, that two-directions for fire escape were not adequately provided, and other problems. We discussed countermeasures for these problems.

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室空間の隣接関係により定義された長方形分割図を求める方法について : 室空間の配置計画のための分析と総合の方法に関する研究(その1)

寺田秀夫

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 69-80
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_69

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The purpose of this study is to make geometrical logic clear and to introduce a logical method to design process for more intelligent architectural layout planning. In this paper, a procedure to derive the rectangular mosaic patterns is proposed, which are fundamental forms to be modified for the practical planning. This procedure can be divided into 3 steps roughly. First step : The graph which represents all the adjacencies between two rooms has to be defined, and for mathematical operation the adjacency matrix as well. Second step : The dual graph is to be transformed from the given primal graph. Some mathematical and geometrical methods are presented on the basis of electric circuit models for this transformation. Third step : Finally, all the possible rectangular mosaic patterns are to be found. Every pattern is isomorphic to the dual graph transformed at second step. The author and his assistant have developed the interactive pattern editor on CRT, in oder to select and modify the patterns obtained. This editor is realized to be very helpful especially for small scale projects. The result data are to be input to the CAD device. The development of more sophisticated editor is expected in future.

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施設の利用実態からみた救急医療の特性 : 救急医療施設の整備計画に関する研究その1

友清貴和, 両角光男

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 81-87
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_81

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The purpose of this studies are to get some basic informations which are systematical organization and planning of emergency facilities. In this case, wants of the patients and medical staffs need well balanced system. Then, we add existing propositions to patients screenning system. In this paper, we knew first aid medical character, as the case may be, day and night, the condition of the disease, facility's character, and etc. A summary of the main conclusions is given below ; 1. In holiday and night time, many patients visit emergency facility, but we can't classify night time patients from first aid patients. 2. Many of the patients are babies and children, then we must keep pediatricians in the emergency facility. 3. Many of the patients are taken ill respiratory system, they are almost never hospitalized. 4. First aid patients are hospitalized shorter than general patients. 5. The number of patients who used emergency car is less than 10 % on the whole and the hospitalized rate of them is more than 60 %. 6. The number of patients who are introduced from another facility is less than 10 % and the hospitalized rate of them is more than 60 %. 7. Quite a number of patients live near the emergency facility but the facility must be used more any patients who live in faraway area. There is a relationship between the emergency facility's character and first aid medical character.

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外国人居留地の建設過程と計画手法に関する研究

村田明久

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 89-101
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_89

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Foreign settlements were established at three times (1859, 1868, 1869) in order to trade and reside for foreigners in a treaty ports and towns. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the construction process and planning methods of all foreign settlements in Japan ; Yokohama, Nagasaki, Hakodate, Kobe, Osaka, Tokyo and Niigata. The summary is as follows : 1. Foreigner's place of residence that was various in settlement area and it's upward tendency was constructed in the following order ; a single zone of a settlement, a double zone of a settlement and a mixed-residence, and a single zone of a mixed-residence. 2. All the settlements were separated from the outer city by topographical border like Dejima in Nagasaki. From the second period after Yokohama disaster in 1866, inner spaces setted between settlement and Japanese place of residence were re-designed as a special structural street like open space and the other public space. 3. At the first period site planning was made by feet scale and a single site block-planning was main, but from the second period a double site block-planning was made with standard lot size of the range 200〜600 tsubo. 4. There were three city component-type. (1) Separately located-open port type (2) Adjacently located-open port type (3) Adjacently located-open town type. And there were various modern planning of public road and facilities, commercial placement, fire prevention, yamate residence, recreation space and so on.

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都市街路形態のフラクタル解析

水野節子, 掛井秀一

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 103-108
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_103

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Fractal geometry, which has been proposed by B. Mandelbrot and has been proved to be effective in the analysis of complex forms in general, is applied to the analysis of street forms in cities. Through this method it is expected to discover have never been revealed to the human eyes as well as the necessary order of making forms in cities. This paper proposes a procedure of applying fractal geometry to the analysis of street forms and proves it to be effective through the case studies of medieval German and Islmic cities.

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建築における美の概念 : カトルメール・ド・カンシーの建築美論について I

白井秀和

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 109-116
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_109

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The object of this paper is to make clear the notion of Beauty in Architecture, through the analytic manifestation of the article "Beau" in "Encyclopedie methodique. Architecture" of A.-C. Quatremere de Quincy, who was one of the most important French architectural theorists in the late 18th century. Firstly, I treat of the problem of the disapperance of the article "Beau" in the second edition of "Encyclopedie", that is to say, "Dictionnaire historique d'architecture". Secondly, I discuss Quatremere de Quincy's manner to research the notion of Beauty. Thirdly, I explain the reason why Quatremere de Quincy emphasizes the particular character that Architecture has among the imitative Arts. In conclusion, I elucidate Quatremere de Quincy's assertion that, in order to analyze the notion of Beauty in Architecture, one must examine the qualities which constitute this Beauty and the faculties of the human soul concerning them.

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江戸幕府の彫物大工棟梁和泉・高松両家について

伊東龍一

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 117-123
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_117

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The Tokugawa Syogunate constructed buildings richly decorated with carves, and temples and shrines in the Kanto district also often had carves. In many cases, the carvers engaged in constructing the buildings of the Tokugawa Syogunate. This study deals with the carvers who belonged to the Tokugawa Syogunate. The major clarified factors are written as following. There were two families named Izumi and Takamatsu in the position as master-carver. The Izumis was from Senshu in the Kansai district and the Takamatsus was from the Kanto district. Date of the Izumis activities is from the 3rd years of the Genroku (1690) to the end of the Edo era. Date of the Takamatsus activities is from the 5th years of Genroku (1692) to the 3rd years of Meiwa (1766). The master-carver was on a level with the carpenter named 'daiku-toryo'. But Izumi yosihisa, Izumi yosiyasu and Izumi yosisuke were raised to the master-carpenter named 'dai-toryo' in the end of the Edo era.

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ル・コルビュジエの言説における機械の隠喩の両義性

川道麟太郎

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 125-132
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_125

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Le Corbusier employs metaphorical expression in many places in his writing and speech. This paper focuses, on his well-known metaphorical statements in the 'VERS UNE ARCHITECTURE', namely, "La maison est une machine a habiter", "Les ingenieurs font de l'architecture", and "Le Parthenon. Voici la machine a emouvoir", which are here referred to as metaphors of the machine. The ambiguity of them is analyzed in relation to the character of metaphorical expression itself and Le Corbusier's discourses on architecture and the machine. The initial two statements each imply ironycal meaning at the back of the stated affirmatives. This double meanings make them effective and significant. The last statement is enhanced by the ambiguous meaning of the 'machine'. In the analogy between the Parthenon and cars, Le Corbusier emphasizes their similarity, but it is clear he recognizes their disparity at the same time. It can therefore be concluded that each of these statements is ambiguous.

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Francesco di Giorgio研究(IV) : 建築理論の枠組(1)-人間の身体と長堂式聖堂の構成

松本静夫

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 133-139
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_133

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This paper examines his architectural theory on the relation between a perfect human body and a basilican church. According to his theory, a church shoud be built, based on the analogy of the perfect human body and all his intellect and sensibility shoud be concentrated on its project. The concept of the perfect human body is accepted as a principle of the architectural composition by Francesco di Giorgio, influenced through Vitruvius and his contemporary thinkers. Francesco di Giorgio applicates the proportion of the human body, not only on the proportion of a column and an architrave, but also on the compositional structure of a whole church. Further more he extends this to a geometrical method and he finds out a module geometrically, acceding to the classical tradition. In this meaning, execept for the symbolical and semantic signification of the anthropomorphism, he finds out a effective system for the whole structure of a church in that concept. From this point of view, a church can be considered as an arche-type of all buildings.

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近世中期の曹洞宗本堂の平面形式の分布と発展過程-東海・甲信地方を中心として : 近世禅宗本堂の研究(2)

杉野丞

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 141-154
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_141

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the distribution of the types of plans and the development of the main hall of Buddhist temples of the Sodo Zen sect in the middle Edo period. The contents of this paper are as follows. Introduction. 1) Distribution of the types of plans mainly in Tokai and Koshin districts. 2) Stability of the plans and construction, and emergence of the kaizando (the room to lay the statue of the founder of temple) and ihainoma (the room to lay the ancestral tablets of parishioner) in the main hall. 3) Development of the design of daima (the reception hall) and naijin (the sanctuary), and that of kaizando and ihainoma. 4) Development of three structural systems above the unfloored passageway and the front veranda. Conclusion.

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垂直可燃面上の非定常火炎伝播性状

長谷見雄二, 吉田正志, 野原聰哲

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 414 巻 p. 155-161
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_155

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A theoretical solution of unsteady-state flame spreading velocity along a vertical combustible solid is derived on the basis of previous experimental relations on the heat transfer from the flame to the surface. From the comparison of this with the steady-state solution, it was found that spontaneous flame spreading velocity under arbitorary conditions falls within relatively narrow range. Measurements of flame spread along vertical PMMA slabs with and without external radiation were made to verify the solution, which have revealed considerable acceleration of flame spread due to external radiation. Application of the theory to the evaluation of this influence has resulted in 20-40 % overestimate of flame spreading velocity. This error is attributed to the higher pyrolysis temperature in the experiments, especially in those with external radiation, than in the calculation and the overestimate of heat release rate in the calculation in which the dripping of melted fuel is not considered.

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構造系論文報告集目次 No.414 1990・8

原稿種別: 付録等
1990 年 414 巻 p. App1-
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_App1

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裏表紙

原稿種別: 表紙
1990 年 414 巻 p. Cover3-
発行日: 1990/08/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.414.0_Cover3

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