日本建築学会計画系論文報告集

表紙

原稿種別: 表紙
1990 年 415 巻 p. Cover1-
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_Cover1

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目次

原稿種別: 表紙
1990 年 415 巻 p. Cover2-
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_Cover2

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お知らせ

原稿種別: 付録等
1990 年 415 巻 p. App1-
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_App1

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CONTENTS

原稿種別: 目次
1990 年 415 巻 p. Toc1-
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_Toc1

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「日本建築学会構造系論文報告集ならびに日本建築学会計画系論文報告集」論文募集

原稿種別: 目次
1990 年 415 巻 p. Toc2-
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_Toc2

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奥付

原稿種別: 目次
1990 年 415 巻 p. Toc3-
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_Toc3

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建築物周辺気流を対象とする風洞実験における閉塞効果

黒谷靖雄, 関根毅

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 1-8
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_1

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This paper reports the wind tunnel experiments conducted to study the blockage effects on air flow around buildings. It sees that the wind tunnel air flow will be geometrically similar to each building model and finally aims at the determination of a more proper size of the test objects. Variously scaled cubic building models were placed in the turbulent boundary layer whose mean wind velocity was distributed similarly to height of each model, revealing the exact effects due to the blockage. Measurements were performed in the three dimensional way for the air flow around each model, explicating the distribution of wind velocity not only near the surface region but also in total one. The result is as follows : Higher the blockage ratio gets, wider the corner flow region becomes. This tendency is easy to be appeared near to the surface level. The maximum value of mean wind velocity in the corner flow region is directly proportional to the blockage ratio. In the case that the blockage ratios less than 3.57 %, no significant changes of distribution of mean velocity can be seen around the models except for the corner flow region. The result of these experiments as is stated above contributes to conclude that the effective model area normal to the wind direction should be less than 1 % of the wind tunnel cross-sectional area.

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都市内河川が周辺の温熱環境に及ぼす効果に関する研究(続報) : 水平および鉛直的影響範囲の検討

村川三郎, 関根毅, 成田健一, 西名大作, 千田勝也

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 9-19
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_9

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Continued from the previous paper, we carried out the field observations about the microclimate in and around the Ota River flowing through Hiroshima City. This time, both horizontal and vertical extents of thermal river-effect in warmer seasons were confirmed by the detailed moving observation along the crossed streets and by the balloon observation above the river and in downtown area simultaneously. The routes of measurement were selected from the viewpoints of a river width, a road width and a building density. Speaking about the river-effect as a cooling source, in case of see-breeze blowing approximately parallel to the river, cooler temperatures are wider spread as a density of buildings is lower and both streets and rivers are wider. And it is also affected by wind speed and direction. Namely, the effect of the river is large when the wind is strong and it includes the component of wind direction from the river to the city area. The bank along the river side obstructs the diffusion of cooler air-mass above the river. According to the comparison of temperature distributions, the bank 4.3 m high has the equivalent effect of 70 m distance from the river side. Regarding the vertical extent, the midday difference of air temperature between the river and the built-up area is discernible more than 80 m in summer. In particular, these differences are conspicuous up to 20 m, which corresponds to the average height of buildings in the area. In addition, the upper limit of this prominent temperature difference varies with wind velocity. That is, the depth of thermal boundary layer in the city area is reduced in case of windy conditions. From these results, we suggest that a well-ventilated city design should be considered to improve the unbearable hot summer environment in Japan.

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2次元等温流れ場における代数応力モデルとκ-εモデルの比較 : 代数応力方程式モデルによる室内気流解析(第一報)

村上周三, 加藤信介, 近藤靖史

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 21-28
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_21

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The κ-ε turbulence model is based on the concept of the eddy viscosity model. This model is not-so efficient in flow fields where the Reynolds stresses (-<u_iu_j>^^^-) are significantly anisotropic, such as the fields near air inlets or near outlets, and the fields under the effect of buoyancy. On the other hand, a model which does not use the concept of eddy viscosity, as the differential stress model, does not suffer many problems which is originated by the eddy viscosity model. In the present study, we analyzed two-dimensional isothermal flow fields by utilizing the algebraic stress model (hereafter abbreviated as ASM), a simplified form of differential stress model. Through the comparison of these results with those obtained from the κ-ε model, we then evalulated the validity of the model. In this report, two-dimensional flow field, in which the effect of the streamline curvature is clear, were predicted. ASM captured the effect of the streamline curvature better than the κ-ε model did. Furthermore, ASM evaluated the production term (P_κ) of k more accurately than the κ-ε model did. Therefore, the results of the distribution of streamline, κ and ε in ASM are physically more reasonable than those in the κ-ε model. These results suggest that ASM is effective in analyses of flow fields where the anisotropy of the stresses is significant and eddy viscosity model can hardly be used.

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木造軸組外側気密・断熱住宅の計画と性能 : 北海道における木造住宅外断熱構法に関する基礎的研究(その1)

飯田雅史, 菊地弘明

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 29-38
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_29

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One of the characteristics of houses in Honshu is that they are open to the outside. On the other hand, the houses in Hokkaido must be closed to the outside because of its cold and deep-snow climate. But most houses in Hokkaido are still constructed by the method originally developed in Honshu, by which it is impossible to make a continuous vaporproof layer. Consequently, they are also weak in airtightness. If the vaporproof layer is not continuous, the wooden frame may be in danger of moisture condensation which shortens the life of a house. The purpose of this research is to look for a construction method which will ensure the execution of a vaporproof and thermal insulation layer. In this report we propose a construction method for a sure vaporproof/airtightness and thermal insulation layer from the outside of the wooden frame, by presenting an example of the house built by our method. The results of this study were as follows ; (1) The time spent for construction was 58 clear days which were about 14〜15 days more than in the conventional methods. The construction expenses were about 600,000 yen more. (2) The effective open area of this house measured 296cm^2, which was much less than that of the conventional methods. This means that this method provides a good airtightness.

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長野県の野外舞台建築物の実態と保存,活用に関する調査 : 野外舞台建築物に関する計画的研究その1

山下泰弘, 松本直司, 谷口汎邦

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 39-47
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_39

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In this paper, a survey of the actual conditions, preservation and utilization of outdoor stage "playhouse" in Nagano prefecture is described. The study consists of two parts: one is a study of the actual conditions of outdoor stage "playhouse" ; the other is a summary of the questionnaire in respect of the preservation and utilization of "playhouse". From the former study, the characteristics of the outdoor stage, comprising a stage, a dressing room and audience seats, became clear. This structure, which provides a "Tayuza", "Niju", "Seri" and so on, is quite different from ordinary structures. The study in this time shows that the number of outdoor stage "playhouse" has increased by two times since the last survey, and also indicates that the preservation and maintenance of such outdoor stage is becoming difficult because of decreasing audiences in Nagano prefecture. Finally, the above survey describes the following conclusion ; 1) At this moment "Oshika Kabuki" and "Kuroda marionette" performances can be seen in some parts of the region, but the traditional performances should be available in all regions. 2) For this purpose it is essential to make a plan for preserving and utilizing the outdoor stage as places of communication, information exchange and education of local inhabitants.

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住空間デザイン志向の型分けに関する方法論的考察 : 住文化の類型化に関する研究その1

岡田知子, 富樫穎

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 49-56
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_49

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The purpose of this study is to find out the typical pattern of dwelling-culture. The items of this survey are as follows ; (1)the preference of the exterior form, (2)the preference of the interior elements, (3)the preference of the name of housing-space, (4)the preference of the events of the year. Concerning the result of the analysis, 3 typical patterns are extracted as follows ; 1) The type of the intention of Japanese traditional style・・・・・・this group likes the exterior form in Japanese traditional style, Japanese traditional and symbolic interior elements (the shelf for Shinto tablets, the family Buddhist altar, Tokonoma), Japanese traditional space (the continued Japanese Tatami-room, Chanoma), and Japanese traditional events of the year. This type is distributed among above 40 years old. 2) The type of the intention of anti-Japanese traditional and present foreign style・・・・・・this group likes the exterior form in pention style and large living room, and doesn't like the elements of the type of the preference of Japanese traditional style. This type is distributed among under 40 years old. 3) The type of the intention of modern and foreign style・・・・・・this group likes the exterior form in flat-roof style, the interior elements of modern style (the skylight, the terrace, the large table, the set of reseption furnitures), the modern style space (the reseption room, the study room), the hoby space (the play room, the atelier, the hoby room). This group neither likes nor dislies the elements of the type of the preference of Japanese traditional style. This type is distributed among fifties, thirties and twenties.

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地方小都市における人口変動と都市建設事業とからみた市街地の変容に関する研究 : 東北地方の人口集中地区を有する市町を調査対象として

堀越義章, 戸沼幸市

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 57-65
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_57

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This research treate 18 local small scale towns which have densely inhabited districts. These towns are located in Touhoku region, Northern Japan. Today these towns learn to be affected by the Tokyo region, as the result of high speed traffic network. Therefore these towns are requested to make themselves independent strongly. To realize their own originalities, we have to build up attractive provincial districts. To achieve this theme, we investigated the following. Placement, where we performed the projects based on urban basic conception in administrative districts. We focus on two points as follow : (1) The relation between movement of population and five districts (2) The relation between enforced projects and five districts As a result, we find it difficult to form urban districts in local small scale towns.

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公共サインの整備計画に関する研究 : 東京都世田谷区における公共サインの課題と提案

金賢淑, 浅野聡, 梶島邦江, 堀越義章, 後藤春彦, 戸沼幸市

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 67-78
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_67

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This investigation will examine public signs in Setagaya Ward, Tokyo. The purpose of this research is to gather date on themes that are used in public signs and create new proposals for planning public signs with the aim of improving them. The ultimate goals of this research will be the clarification of themes common to public signs and the creation of proposals as outlined in the following two areas. 1) An examination and recording of all aspects of the themes of public signs, including concepts, basic plans, installation and managemant and the activities of related administrative authorities in orer to create an effectve public sign system. 2) The creation of a public sign park that will lead to signs that emphasize the unique characteristics of a particular location by adequately considering their designs. This will assure efficient management and proper integration of public signs, the materials used in their construction and their locations, with the areas in which they are located.

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商業地域における廃棄物のパイプライン収集の必要性に関する研究

大崎一仁, 尾島俊雄

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 79-87
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_79

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Recently, the increase of quantity of refuse and the present conveying system with garbage trucks have caused various problems in urban areas. Refuse which is taken out of buildings on streets causes the appearance of noxious insects and birds and allows to be devastated by vagrants. Sometimes, refuse is collected after stores are open and trash heaps on streets spoil a fine view of the streets, moreover, collecting of refuse by garbage trucks causes traffic jams. In this study, it is cleared that refuse conveying system with pipe-line is necessary in commercial areas from the following three points of view : (1) Clarification of quantity of refuse in commercial areas and in commercial facilities. (2) Clarification of operation of refuse pipe-line conveying system. (3) Clarification of opinion view about introducing of refuse pipe-line conveying system. In the first place, to see the quantity of refuse in commercial areas and in commercial facilities : (1) Density of refuse discharge in commercial areas is about 3-7 times as large as that in residential areas. (2) Quantity of refuse in commercial facilities defers from store to store ・・・ restaurant, bar, shop, etc. In the next place, to see about the actual operation of refuse pipe-line conveying system : (1) Up to the present, this systems has been introduced in residential areas and density of refuse discharge in these areas is less than 1 t/ha. (2) Electric power needed for conveying 1 t of refuse tends to decrease when the amount of refuse increases. Lastly, in Ginza, more than 70 % of people are for introducing of refuse pipe-line conveying system. In urban districts, the number of inhabitants tend to decrease year by year and they are obliged to suffer from the garbage dumped by the people who work there in the day time. In short, most of the refuse problems in commercial areas are caused by the present conveying system with garbage trucks, and the density of refuse discharge in commercial areas is higher than that in residential areas where the pipe-line system has already been introduced. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce refuse pipe-line conveying system in commercial areas.

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住環境整備からみた高齢者の居住地移動 : 名古屋市の都心周辺既成市街地および狭小宅地住宅地区におけるケース・スタディ

佐藤圭二, 長谷川ゆか

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 89-99
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_89

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In this study, we aim to find any subjects for housing and environment renewals in inner ring, for the aged can keep their home in where they have settled down for a long time. For this purpose, we had several researches. Mainly, we reserched the reason why the aged move out from inner ring (involved small site housing areas) and residential condition of the aged who have settled down there for a long time. From this study, we could have following subjects for renewals. The moved aged families are classified several types from their moving factors, and each type have various needs for renewals. The most of "changing work" type and "getting house" type move out in order to improve or level up their lives. It is necessary that you encourage them to move actively. The "forming expanded family (it means "Dokyo" in Japanese)" type are account for 1/3 of all cases, and they moved in order to live with their son or daughter who have been married, because they become alone or sick and they could not keep their home there. In inner ring, care system are so poor that many people, over seventy-five years old, can not help leaving their house. It is important to supply richfull and completed care system in inner ring, involved various facilities for the aged who need care. If completed care system are supplied in these areas, the aged will remain living there. Consequently, old houses in inner ring will have to be repair or rebuild for the aged.

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寛永期における中井家配下の大工構成

谷直樹

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 101-109
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_101

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The purpose of this paper is to consider the organization of the carpenters who lived in six provinces of the Kinai district (Yamato, Yamashiro, Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi) and Ohmi, during the Kan'ei era. They were under the control of the Nakai family in the early modern ages. Some dozens of them were appointed as the master carpenters, and the others were systematized into 80 carpenters' parties.

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東寺金堂の創建形態について

上野勝久

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 111-119
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_111

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The main buildings of Toji (Kyo-o Gokokuji) was burnt down by the civil war in 1486. This was the first time the original Golden Hall of Toji had been burnt down, since Toji was built in 794 A. D as a national temple. About one hundred years later, the second Golden Hall of Toji was constructed in 1599 to 1603. The reconstructed Golden Hall in this time is the present Golden Hall of Toji. The purpose of this paper is to study concretely on the architecture of the original Golden Hall of Toji in Early Heian Era. The conclusion is as follows : The excavation, on the platform of the reconstructed Golden Hall in 1940 (Fig. 3), has proved that the plan of the original Golden Hall was a width of 7 bay and a depth of 5 bay. They consisted of central area (5×3) and a single bay surrounding. The original dais in central area was about a width of 5 bay and a depth of 2 bay. It has concluded therefore that the original Golden Hall was the same plan as the reconstructed Golden Hall (Fig.1). On the other hand, it has been vaguely suspected that the architecture of the original Golden Hall is almost the same as the architecture of the reconsturucted Golden Hall. It is impossible to infer the architecture of the original Golden Hall till now, however, there is an old document of official goverment in 1192 when a priest of Mongaku put the damaged buildings right on Toji in Early Kamakura Era. This document was the report on number of the damaged members, did not put all members of the original Golden Hall on record. The contents of this document, however, included main members which consist the parts of columns and eaves. According to this document and drawing of plan in 『Toubouki』 (Fig.2 : in the middle of the 14th century), in effect, it is able to presumed the outlook and construction of the original Golden Hall as follows. a) The original Golden Hall was double stories. b) The upper story was roofed over the central area (5×3). c) The lower story was the pent-house-aisle over the single bay surrounding the central area, and joined the central area directly. d) The pent-house-aisle of the single bay at the front was the open. It is considered therefore that the original Golden Hall was same in point of a), b), and c), was different in point of d) compared with the reconstructed Golden Hall. It is not able to presumed, however, the form of the upper story, and the form of the lower story at the front. It is concluded that the architecture of the original Golden Hall is almost the same as the architecture of the reconstructed Golden Hall. It is considered that the original Golden Hall was the magnificent outlook and vast inner space which is the same as the reconstructed Golden Hall. The original Golden Hall was the open at the front of the pent-house-aisle of the single bay, but the reconstructed Golden Hall was inner space the all pent-house-aisle of the single bay. It is imagined that the architecture of the original Golden Hall, in view of this difference, was more effective in the perspective of facade and vastness of inner space than the architecture of the reconstructed Golden Hall.

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幕末の備中松山藩における御家中屋敷定法

羽深久夫, 平井聖

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 121-128
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_121

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On the basis of the manuscript of the housing code made out in the Matuyama clan, this paper deals with the Samurai houses, of which inhabitants must be retainers under the feudal lord. Compared with previous research on this subject, this paper particularly lights on the ordinary housing in the feudal period, being against the housing of the upper classes which usually designate to the feudal lord and/or the Shogun. The manuscript, which is presumed to have been completed about 1857, contains five Samurai houses inside the castle town of Matuyama and three Samurai houses placed in the suburbs. On the five houses, the restrictions of housing composition are regulated in detail under the status of the feudal society with a simple drawing and a document : for instance, the finish of a floor, a wall and a ceiling, the size of the houses, and the name of rooms. As the result of examining these elements of the restrictions, this paper clarifies, on composition, the characteristic hierarchy of the rooms inside the houses as follows. Although the aggregating system and the number of the rooms are different in the five houses, two rooms, "Zashiki" and "Ima", are identified in all five houses. Moreover, the size and the finish are the same in each two rooms. However, the most expensive materials are employed for its finish in the "Zashiki", while the moderate materials are in the "Ima". Therefore, the "Zashiki" is inferred to have functioned as a standard composition of the so-called "Omote-muki" which is utilized for service to the guests, in contrast with the "Ima" as a standard composition of the so-called "Uchi-muki" for a family. The composition and the arrangement of the other rooms are presumed to have been completed in the relation to the two rooms.

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天保14年における幕府の住宅規制と町人住宅

鈴木賢次

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 129-137
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_129

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From the early stages of Edo Period, the Tokugawa Government has enforced regulations on housing. This thesis attemps to analyze one major piece of regulation of the late Edo Period and its dominating effects on architectural design on houses of "Chonin" (those who lived in cities and were not Samurais). The regulation strictly prohibited Chonins using Samurai housing styles. However, the government mandated exclusive use of Samurai housing styles to a few sects of the upper class Chonins. These selected Chonins included town officials, merchants serving the higher ranking Samurais, and doctors. Although Sukiya designs were used exclusively by members of upper class Chonins in their villas and certain restaurants, they were denied this privilege when the Housing-Style Limitation Act was passed in Tempo 14 preventing even the upper class Chonins from Sukiya design housing.

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九州の黄檗宗寺院における門形式および天王殿の位置と向きについて

山本輝雄

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 139-151
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_139

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There are four characteristic types of gates in Obakushu Buddhist temples in Kyushu district. The first type is "yatsuashimon" with "irimoyazukuri" in the front gates of To-dera (Buddhist temples for Chinese in Nagasaki). These gates are Sanmon built originally in 1673 and Sanmon reconstructed in 1815 at Sofukuji, Sanmon reconstructed in 1691 at Kofukuji and Sanmon originally in 1658 at Fukusaiji. The second is so called "danchigai" with "kirizumazukuri". The only example survived in Kyushu district is Sanmon built in 1703 at Shofukuji. This type is same as the front gate at Mampukuji temple which is a center of Obakushu Buddhist temples all over Japan. The third is "ryugumon". This type appeared first in Sanmon reconstructed in 1849 at Sofukuji and then influenced Romon built originally in 1852 at Seiganji. The fourth is a pair-post "isimon" (stone gate). These gates which were built in Edo period are Isimon originally in 1697 at Reigeiin Buddhist temple, Isimon built in 1818 at Shokuji, Isimon built in 1824 at Fumyoji and Isimon built in 1835 at Daikoji. There were four buildings called Tennoden in Kyushu district. They stood at Sofukuji, Fukusaiji, Shofukuji and Fukugonji. The disposition and direction of Tennoden is same in all examples. They are in front of Daiyuhoden (the central building of Obakushu Buddhist temple) and face to Daiyuhoden.

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風および雪の影響からみた青森県黒石地方の民家における軒組の変容過程について

月舘敏栄

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 415 巻 p. 153-160
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_153

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This paper is to explain the transform-process of the eaves-style of traditional farmhouses from the point of view of wind and snow damage at KUROISHI clan, AOMORI prefecture. There were 4 kinds of the eaves-style of traditional farmhouses, which were (1)"FUKISAGE", (2)"ORIOKIDAIWA", (3)"KYORODAIWA", (4)"SEGAI". The eaves-style of traditional farmhouses were transformed from (1) to (2), (3), and (4)in numerical order, and stronger, too. It was 13 times of wind and snow damage that had been last 12 years before the time when the eaves-style of traditional farmhouses was transformed from (1) to (2). So I have reaced a conclusion that the main factor of the transform of the eaves-style was wind and snow damage.

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構造系論文報告集目次 No.415 1990・9

原稿種別: 付録等
1990 年 415 巻 p. App2-
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_App2

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裏表紙

原稿種別: 表紙
1990 年 415 巻 p. Cover3-
発行日: 1990/09/30
公開日: 2017/12/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.415.0_Cover3

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