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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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山口 賢次郎, 池田 敏雄, 横尾 昇剛, 岡 建雄
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
1-7
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Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission due to retrofit or reconstruction of an existing office building were analyzed by using basic sector classification Input/output table and the construction data of the actual projects. With the retrofit case, energy consumption per unit floor area is 3.8 GJ/m^2 and carbon dioxide emission per unit floor area is 306 kg - CO_2/m^2. With the reconstruction case, if the quality of the finish work is equivalent to the retrofit case, enerery consumption is 11.2 GJ/m^2 and carbon dioxide emission is 966 kg - C0_2/m^2 due to the effect of demolition and reconstruction of the structure.
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瀧本 浩一
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
9-15
発行日: 2003/04/30
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The author has developed a computational simulation model for evacuation by a wheelchair using Distinct Element Method (DEM). This paper presents that some problems about the model of wheelchair were improved in point of view the reaction of wheelchair users and other evacuees. Furthermore, the author applied this simulation model to a simple crossing and passage model and simulates evacuation. As the result, it was found that wheelchair users could be more dangerous by narrowing the space or crossing evacuation routes of wheelchair users and other evacuees. And we also found that wheelchair users and evacuees evacuated more quickly and safely by changing a shape of corners or setting a fence in order to control movements of evacuees.
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水野 雅之, 島村 誠, 徳永 英, 原田 和典, 若松 孝旺
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
17-23
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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In this study, the target safety level of egress from fire room was discussed. The calculation method defined in Ministry of Construction's Notification 1441 (2000) was analyzed by using the method of reliability engineering. The limit state function was selected by the difference between nominal margin of egress safety and actual, stochastic margin of egress safety. By examining the safety level of limit state function, the target safety index implied in the verification method is clarified for typical office building layout. The results show that (1) the implied safety index is in the range of 1 to 3 depending on the method of smoke control and floor area. (2) In comparison with type A variability (fuel and occupant load), the effect of type B uncertainties (prediction error) is not neeligible. (3) Possible combination of partial safety factors are proposed by 0.2, 2-6, 0.9 for fuel load density, escape start time and smoke filling time for typical office buildings with single side corridor.
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林 吉彦, 佐賀 武司
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
25-32
発行日: 2003/04/30
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A series of fire wind tunnel experiments using one or two propane gas burners was conducted for elucidating real-scale fire plume properties for burning houses with strong wind. Plume temperature distributions, etc. were measured for various heat release rates and approaching wind velocities. Non-dimensional number introduced for plume temperature at each measurement point was assembled according to Froude number and other non-dimensional numbers. The approximation equation is consistent with the one in past studies by the author using a small-scale wind tunnel facility. It is expectecl that an estimation equation predicting temperature distributions transformed from the above approximation equation is generally applied for plume temperature from one or two burning houses with wind. Moreover, basic experiments using a small-scale wind tunnel facility were conducted for heat sources of various rectangular shapes for applying the estimation equation to a heat source of any shape.
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松尾 昌美, 古屋 浩, 藤本 一寿
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
33-38
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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The purpose of this study is to make clear the effect of fundamental characteristics of sound source on stage, that is, directivity pattern, orientation of main axis and location of source, on the acoustical properties of concert auditoria which are ordinarily estimated with an omni-directional source in design process. Impulse responses are calculated in simple models of room shape and real hall models by means of computer simulation based on geometrical acoustics when the directional distribution of sound source is varied. The relation between the directionality, the location of sound source and acoustical quantities, which are obtained from impulse responses, is examined. The result shows that there is a significant difference between the acoustical quantities obtained by using an omni-directional sound source and directional ones in both hall models, and it suggests that fundamental characteristics of sound source are very important factors in the acoustic evaluation of concert auditoria.
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笹尾 博行, 須永 修通
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
39-45
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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When the resonator interval is adjusted to 1/4 of the resonance wave lengths, noise reduction in the resonant frequency of double-section resonator becomes the maximum. However, frequency band of noise reduction is limited to one octave which centers on the resonant frequency. In this thesis, four-section resonator and eight-section resonator for 63Hz and 125Hz band were designed by using the design technique by the optimization technique. Furthermore, experimental measurements were done. Noise reduction of 8-10dB was obtained for the design noise reduction 9-10dB. The cause of a fall of the noise reduction in experimental measurements can consider wall vibration and airtightness of resonators.
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尾関 義一, 平松 徹也, 田辺 新一
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
47-50
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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Surface weighting factors of the whole human body for both standing and seated postures are calculated based on the numerical calculation of angle factors for the simple prediction of the thermal radiation field. To verify the validity of these factors, they are compared with previous results by Nakamura or Olesen. As a result, surface weighting factors are different from previous results which are always constant independent of the scale of indoor spaces. Especially, surface weighting factor to the under surface for a standing posture is approximately 4 times larger than that of Nakamura in the small indoor spaces. The position of human body and the scale of indoor spaces have influence on surface weighting factors. In addition, appropriate surface weighting factors are proposed corresponding to the scale of indoor spaces, which enables to the accurate prediction of the thermal radiation field.
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長野 克則, 持田 徹, 嶋倉 一實, 半澤 久, 中村 聡
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
51-56
発行日: 2003/04/30
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A field experiment of large scale snow storage was conducted in Sapporo. Objectives of this experiment are to experimentally verify that the storing snow with adding water is effective for snow compression and for making high density without any mechanical machines. Snow was stored in a large underground pit, which has a diameter of 1.0 m and 6.7 m deep with or without adding water. It was clarified that water addition to the stored snow is very effective to compress the shallow layer of the stored snow. In this time, water permeated through stored snow layer and fell down into the bottom space. It means that added water can be used repeatedly for the compression when water in the bottom space is pumped up. The observed maximum dry snow density was 582 kg/m^3.
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吉野 博, 劉 京, 李 重勲, 和田 淳
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
57-64
発行日: 2003/04/30
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It is important to introduce outdoor air of the proper quantity to get rid of pollutants in the inside of the residence. The performance of residential ventilation systems including hybrid ventilation has been evaluated by the experiment and numerical simulation. Firstly, the full-scale test house constructed in TOHOKU University is described. Secondly, results of the experiment and the numerical simulations for fundamental performance of ventilation systems are shown. The effect of the control of the assisted fan and the damper in hybrid ventilation system was made clear.
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大澤 元毅, 池田 耕一, 林 基哉, 桑沢 保夫, 真鍋 純, 中林 由行
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
65-71
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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The purpose of this research is to know the present status of the indoor air chemical pollution by VOCs in Japanese houses in 2000. The concentrations of formaldehyde, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene were measured in five thousand houses, and the following results were obtained. 1) In 27.3% of surveyed houses, the indoor concentrations of formaldehyde exceeded the guideline established by the Ministry of health, labor and welfare of Japanese Government. And those of toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene were 12.3, 0.013 and 0% respectively. 2) The formaldehyde concentrations correlated well to the indoor temperatures. 3) The averages of the formaldehyde concentrations in houses according to the age of year after construction were analyzed, and the concentration in houses built after 1997 was lower than that in 1996, which showed the highest value.
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前 真之, 布野 裕子, 石渡 博, 市川 憲良, 鎌田 元康
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
73-80
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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This paper describes the actual state of cold and hot-water consumption on urban apartment house. Through the analysis of Load-survey on selected 22 houses, we found that the amount of total hot and cold water consumption is about the same as previous data, but hot-water consumption is increasing, probably due to modern equipment and resident's attitude change. Seasonal change of Hot-Water consumption is mainly due to the change on ratio of hot water in domestic usage, and change of Heat-Load is generated by the change of supplied cold water temperature. The feature of hot-water usage on each house is characterized by frequency and sustained-time of each usage.
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福田 雄高, 高木 直樹, 岩井 一博, 山下 恭弘
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
81-85
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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This report is research on the change in the city climate. It thinks that an atmospheric change due to artificial exhaust energy or the increase in the greenhouse effect gas influences rise in temperature. But, there is a report of whether a change in land cover such as a decrease in green land, surface of the water and increase in the artificial covering thing has an influence except for that, too. So, a weather observation point circumference environment in the sutra age was investigated by using remote sensing technology by this research. It is compared with the temperature data of the weather observation point more result investigation result land cover temperature relations. Temperature increased over 0.05 centigrade degree per year on an averaee. At nine points, in which land cover change seriously, temperature increased 0.068 centigrade degree per year on an average. Therefore, we must think a change in a climate to add not only a change in the atmosphere but also a change in land use.
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平野 智子, 加藤 信介, 村上 周三, 伊香賀 俊治, 白石 靖幸, 上原 瞳
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
87-93
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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The purpose of this paper is to show the effectiveness of porous residential buildings in hot and humid regions, from the point of view of reducing cooling load and CO_2 emissions. Two scales of void, namely building scale void and parts scale void are considered. As Shiraishi et al ([1]) shows that building scale void is substantially effective in terms of cooling load reduction, this paper will focus on cooling load reduction caused by the introduction of parts scale void, and CO_2 emission reductions by both building scale and parts scale voids. Additionally, other environmentally friendly techniques are examined. Thermal and airflow network analysis and LCA are used for these simulations. The results are as follows; 1) Porous buildings are effective to reduce C0_2 emissions for space cooling. 2) Long life buildings with 100 years life span are effective to reduce CO_2 emissions. 3) Lifecycle CO_2 emission is reduced by 37% compared with an ordinary case when all of the strategies mentioned in this paper are applied.
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小林 茂雄
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
95-101
発行日: 2003/04/30
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This study aims to examine how graffiti in outdoor space is being perceived in the surrounding environment. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the impression one gets toward graffiti from the pedestrian's perspective using images of actually existing large-scale graffiti, and images that combine existing scenery and graffiti. As a result, it was found that graffiti is better tolerated in such bleak looking places with long stretch of inorganic facades than residential areas and maintained places. In addition it was found that men are favorable toward graffiti in general, and women tend to detest violent graffiti. Furthermore, it was found that middle-aged people in their 40's and 50's are strongly aware of graffiti's relation with the surrounding environment than younger people in their 20's.
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長谷川 貴彦
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
103-110
発行日: 2003/04/30
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After discussing the importance and difficulties of promoting the energy efficiency upgrades of existing buildings, ways of promoting the upgrades will be analysed on the basis of case studies of several advanced policy instruments that have been implemented in European countries and the US. The results of the studies provide some useful insights for the policy design in this area, including the importance of developing information tools for providing appropriate information for owners of buildings.
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川崎 寧史
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
111-118
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of view of the digital image of architecture according to the distance using image processing technique. First we applied Texture Analysis(TA) for the image of architectural photographs which were taken from 6 levels of distance. The 4 values of TA based on 'gray level co-occurrence matrix' were calculated and arranged according to the distance. Next regression analysis was applied for each value arrangements. It is clear that change of 4 arrangements are almost the same as the index function and close to one value by degrees. In concluding, we can understand the change of view of the image of architectural photographs concretely and measurably by using TA.
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長谷見 雄二
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
119-120
発行日: 2003/04/30
公開日: 2016/12/28
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Importance of the data originally reported in earlier oral presentations but finally removed from this paper is pointed out. These data demonstrate critical heat release rate to generate external flame from an opening notably larger than the maximum heat release rate in a compartment fire determined by natural ventilation. This suggests possibilities of (1) maltreatment of the gas flow data, (2) existence of unexpected leaks in the compartment, (3) invisible combustion outside the fire compartment, (4) decrease of combustion efficiency within the fire compartment under a condition with fuel supply stoichiometrically comparable with natural ventilation, and (5) failure of the conventional maximum heat release rate formula for a ventilation controlled fire. While the fourth possibility is the most plausible, the paper authors are requested to revisit the test conditions and data and to present the data and other conditions of the finally removed tests.
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大宮 喜文, 堀 雄兒
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
121-122
発行日: 2003/04/30
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The test measurement, conditions and data in our previous paper were reexamined in this paper. First of all, the method of measurement of gas flow and reduction of heat release rate were indicated. Moreover, new experiments were carried out. After existence of unexpected leaks in the compartment was checked, the critical heat release rates to generate external flame from am opening were measured. As a result, the date beyond Qvcrit/AH^<1/2>=1500 were plotted in figure of relationship between Q_<vcrit>/AH^<1/2> and A_T/AH^<1/2>.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
_1_-_2_
発行日: 2003/04/30
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
_3_-_5_
発行日: 2003/04/30
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
_6_-_7_
発行日: 2003/04/30
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 566 号 p.
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