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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
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発行日: 2003/06/30
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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
App21-
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横山 計三, 横尾 昇剛, 岡 建男
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
1-7
発行日: 2003/06/30
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Intensities of resources and basic products consumption based on 1995 input/output table in Japan are delivered. These intensities are included extension effect and fixed capital formation. Total consumption of resources in construction industry in 1995 are calculated. In the results, the average consumption is 1,065 kg/m^2 in building floor area, and crushed stone and limestone are main material of construction industry, which amount to 72% of total consumption. Next results show that 15% of total resource consumption in Japan is construction industry. Moreover, the intensities are applied to small office building, the consumption in structure and finishing works are 96% and in mechanical and electrical works are only 4% of total resource consumption. To concern with productivity of resources for construction industry was 169,500 yen/ton that is lower than overall of Japan, such as 262,000 yen/ton.
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樋本 圭佑, 田中 哮義
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
9-16
発行日: 2003/06/30
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A one-dimensional integral model is formulated to describe the transient burning behavior of charring material. The transient burning of material is divided into the following sequential phases : (I) temperature rise and ignition of the virgin material receiving external heating, (II) pyrolysis of the virgin material layer and char layer oxidation, (III) residual char oxidation after the consumption of all the virgin material. The results are shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data in the existing literature for mass loss rate. The burning model is then incorporated into a single zone method-based compartment fire model. The fuel inside the compartment is divided into multiple fuel elements, and the compartment fire behaviors are simulated as consequences of the burning of each of these elements. The comparison with experimental data in the literature also showed reasonable agreement.
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加藤 未佳, 太田 裕司, 羽入 敏樹, 関口 克明
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
17-23
発行日: 2003/06/30
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When we stay in a space, we are surrounded by light coming from all directions. The brightness of the wall surface is different from the brightness of a space. The condition of light that surrounds a person is necessary to evaluate brightness of a space. Therefore new evaluation methods which replace the two-dimensional evaluation are necessary. Then, we examined how we had felt the brightness of a 3-dimentional space. First, we have examined the basic relationship between arrival direction of the light and brightness by using the full-scale model. The results are as follows : 1) Brightness changed due to the subject's action, even if the condition of the light was absolutely the same. 2) The light from horizontal direction is more effective for brightness. 3) Brightness changed due to the balance of arrival direction of the light, even if the total amount of the light is same. Next, the measurement tool for obtaining data of the light that comes from all directions was developed. We examined two effects of "quantity of the light" and "the spatial balance of the light" on the brightness of the space using got value from the tool. As a result, we discovered that former can be explained at the value which horizontally integrated 360° in the weighting of (1+cosθ)/2 and latter can be explained at the angle of visibility and directional diffusivity.
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小林 茂雄, 槙 究, 乾 正雄
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
25-31
発行日: 2003/06/30
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This study has examined the attributes of safe-feeling street lighting through an experiment that used a scale model of residential streets. The results found in the experiment are summarized below. ・The intensity of lighting required for streets that does not give the feeling of insecurity was higher in scale with women compared to men. ・The intensity of lighting can be reduced in streets with good natural surveillance such as low fences and lights coming through windows. The effect of low illuminance by lights coming through windows was more prominent with low fences than high fences. ・ Footlights can keep the illuminance and luminance of the street down compared to pole lights on the whole. In addition, footlights are more energy efficient in streets with good monitoring properties, and pole lights are more energy efficient in streets with less monitoring properties.
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西原 直枝, 田辺 新一
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
33-39
発行日: 2003/06/30
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Subjective experiments were conducted in a climatic chamber to evaluate the effect of thermal environment on productivity. Chamber was conditioned at operative temperatures of 25.5℃, 28℃, or 33℃. The effects of thermal environment on task performance were modest and contradictory among the task types. According to the evaluation of fatigue feeling, the subjects most complained of mental fatigue at 33℃. The cerebral blood oxygenation was monitored by the near infrared spectroscopy. Concentration of total and oxygenated hemoglobin increased and that of deoxygenated hemoglobin decreased at 33℃. Evaluation of fatigue feeling and monitoring cerebral blood oxygenation might be applied to the measurement of productivity.
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飯塚 悟, 近藤 裕昭
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
41-48
発行日: 2003/06/30
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Turbulent flow over a two-dimensional steep hill was analyzed by large eddy simulations (LES). Here, six LES computations were carried out using four different sub-grid scale (SGS) models and two different ground surface boundary conditions. The accuracy of these computations was assessed by comparing the results with those from an experiment by Meng et al. (1998). The results of the dynamic SGS models showed very poor agreement with the experiment, mainly due to the poor prediction accuracy in the vicinity of the ground surface. Therefore, a hybrid SGS mode, i.e., a combination of the standard Smagorinsky model and the dynamic SGS model, was introduced. In the hybrid model, the standard Smagorinsky model was applied only in the vicinity of the ground surface, and the dynamic SGS model was applied in the other region. The hybrid model provided very accurate predictions and produced the best results of the four SGS models.
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赤林 伸一, 佐々木 淑貴, 坂口 淳, 富永 禎秀
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
49-56
発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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In this study, we evaluate cross ventilation by the multi zone network airflow simulation and the CFD. Cross-ventilated detached house is evaluated. Quantitative evaluation of the effect of cross ventilation is carried out. The analytic object is a standard residence model. The k-e turbulence model simulates the flow. The purpose of this simulation is to calculate indoor airflow velocity distribution. The muti-zone airflow network model analysis using TRNSYS-COMIS simulates the indoor temperature. Two different analyses are coupled, so that the long-term simulation is realized. This paper proposes to report on the outline of the evaluation index of natural cross ventilation performance. This paper has the point to (1) locality, (2) location, (3) building performance as factors which influenced indoor wind velocity, and show the outline of the evaluation method for natural cross ventilation performance
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飯倉 一雄, 野 淳夫, 坊垣 和明, 吉澤 晋
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
57-62
発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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It turned out that bake-out is a useful mitigation method for indoor formaldehyde pollution from our experimental research. The experimental research was carried out with used by experimental and environmental chamber where the temperature, humidity, air exchanges as well as air velocity were controlled. The emission rates of formaldehyde on each building material were 6.54〜55.6% after bake-out at a temperature of 38℃ for a 72-hour period and under an air exchange rate of 0.5 ACH. Here, the experimental study was conducted on VOC with the same experimental method. From our results, it turned out that the emission rates of TVOC were decreased by 7.4〜40% after bake-out under the same condititions. And, if we wish to determine the effectiveness of bake-out on the VOC, further experiments used with environmental chambers should be needed.
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中島 博志
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
63-69
発行日: 2003/06/30
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Rapid corrosion of buried utility pipes for buildings is caused by macro-cells, most of which are formed between the pipes (anode) and rebars in concrete (cathode). Usually, installing insulating coupling would get good result, but if there is a liquid having electrical conductivity, jumping current must be treated. The jumping current could be treated by extending the length of insulating coupling. But for some special cases a steel earth would be needed for the treatment. This paper is stated about the method of calculation to control the jumping current.
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新村 浩一, 大塚 雅之, 飯田 徹, 飯嶋 和明
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
71-76
発行日: 2003/06/30
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In this study we examined transport performance of drainage systems with food waste grinder for business use. Experimental systems were 5.8m height and 20m length. First, we made sure that gas-liquid flow pattern in horizontal pipes were plug flow, that in vertical pipes were bubbly-slug transitional flow. The results of eggshell transport, compared to 50mm pipe, remains in 40mm pipe were 23-38% weight. Volumetric flux of liquid phase which are water supply rate divided by pipe cross section area, are associated with eggshell remains on single curve. About positive displacement pump, the effect of discharge on remains was clarified.
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垣鍔 直, 室 恵子, 堀越 哲美
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
77-81
発行日: 2003/06/30
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Kruithof demonstrated the preferred combination of illuminace levels and color temperatures. However, a seasonal change and the gender difference in such preference have not been sufficiently examined. Following the previous studies, eight female subjects aged from 30 to 40 yrs were exposed to lighting of 3,000 K and 7,500 K with the combination of room air temperatures (22℃/30℃) at the same illumination level (1,500 lx) following 30min control exposure at 25℃ in darkened room. Experiments were carried out in summer and winter. Skin temperatures, ECGs, finger blood flow, blood pressure and oral temperature were measured. Thermal sensation, thermal comfort and sensation of intensity of illumination were reported on given categories at 15-min. intervals. Evaluation of the physiological responses indicated that high color temperatures were preferred in both seasons, particularly during cool exposureand agreed with Kruithofs proposal.
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百田 真史, 井上 隆, 射場本 忠彦, 柳原 隆司, 岡垣 晃
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
83-87
発行日: 2003/06/30
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Based on measurements of district heating and cooling (DHC) system, which was built using a plan focusing on maintaining temperature difference and increasing the quantity of effective thermal storage, the following results were shown ; 1) maintaining a temperature difference resulted in good COP of DHC system, and 2) an appropriate system design aided in the reduction of primary energy consumption.
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正田 浩三, 垣鍔 直, 杖先 寿里, 清澤 裕美
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
89-94
発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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In order to analyze the cause and effect of accidents by middle-aged and elderly workers engaged in janitor services, a physical fitness test recommended for elderly people was conducted in 1988 and 1995. 0ne hundred male and two hundred fifteen female workers participated in either of the tests. 0n the other hand, mental and physical factors were analyzed form the reports on accidents occurred during janitor services. Change in the rate of various types of accidents due to aging was then analyzed as relative to physical fitness levels of different age groups. Results of the physical fitness tests showed the age related change in grip and reflex. Marked deterioration on both factors was found in their 40's. Suppleness of male workers continuously deteriorated when they get old. Analyses from the reports showed that falling down was most frequent and occurred during floor polishing. The rate of accidents by falling down increased with age for male workers. However, it rather decreased with age for female workers due partly to their total fitness levels that do not change with age that much. The most plausible cause of falling down may be loss of body balance. We have then focused on the relationship between physical fitness and the rate of accidents. According to the multiple regression analysis, falling down may be well correlated with grip and body balance. Therefore, middle-aged and elderly workers must undergo a physical fitness test periodically for prevention of accidents.
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槙 究, 乾 正雄, 中村 芳樹
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
95-102
発行日: 2003/06/30
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Based on the studies reported on the three published theses the authors have written, a streetscape evaluation structural model, which is named Card Pick up Model, is proposed. This model has three remarkable points which are different from the linear combination model which has been most popular model of evaluation structure. 1. The meaning of constructs expressed on four levels, "influence over evaluation," "character," "situation" and "cognitive feature." 2. The constructs being used for evaluation change dynamically depending on the feature of the streetscape. 3. "Average of utilities rule" is adopted instead of "addition of utilities rule" to calculate the preference.
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絵内 正道, 吉原 美保子, 羽山 広文, 森 太郎, 田村 佳愛
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
103-110
発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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In cold region like Hokkaido, severity index evaluated by weather conditions and sense of climate in each area is required for defining winter's misery. 1) When assuming total hours of snowstorm or freezing precipitation in case of Japan, climate severity index (CSI) in Hokkaido can be calculated. CSl in Hokkaido had a range from 32 to 50. 2) Six levels of adaptation to winter defined by N. Pressman were asked to staffs of promotion section of Cities in Hokkaido and to two groups of students in Hokkaido University as a questionnaire. Replies of enduring winter were the most among the six levels. Reply pattern of each group to the six levels was very similar. 3) Regional climate map (Hokkaido) was proposed by using coefficient from principle component analysis. The analysis used data of questionnaire results to officials of Hokkaido Government and of weather condition. Regional climate map was well relative to CSI.
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岩田 三千子
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
111-117
発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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When certain colors are used on backgrounds, readers sometimes have difficulties to read characters on magazines or advertisements or lose their concentration. The phenomena cannot be explained only by the luminance contrast, and it is considered that the background color may cause some psychological effect on visibility. In this research, the author reports the result of visual acuity and subjective evaluation by the young and the elderly subjects, and discusses the effect that peripheral colors of visual targets may have on visibility, in order to find other reasons than luminance and color contrasts by characters and backgrounds.
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森 太郎, 酒井 義幸, 菅原 正則, 繪内 正道, 羽山 広文
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
119-125
発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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Shield cloths are expected as a simple and effective method to improve the luminous and thermal environment in an atrium space. But it has not been clear the effect of this method. In this study, the environment, distribution of luminosity, distribution of temperture on the shield cloth, thermal environment and impression of occupied people, in the two atrium space which set the shield cloths and didn't set the shield cloths were measured and the measurement results of the environment in the atrium space with shield cloths and the atrium space without shield cloths were compared.
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遠藤 哲夫, 花澤 理宏, 橋本 修
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
127-132
発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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In this study, paneled conductive plaster boards composed of a resistance film, 9.5mm plaster board spacer and metal plate are discussed about their λ/4 type wave absorber for buildings. As a result, it could be obtained that the reflection loss of the panels was over 15dB between 5.15GHz to 5.25GHz, and angle efficiency between 0(TEM) to 30(TE,TM). Thus, we established that the panels could be sufficiently applicable at office for using wireless LAN.
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宮高 泰匡, 加藤 直樹, 藤沢 克樹
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
133-140
発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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When one experinces an architectural space, he/she perceives various impressions. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively clarify the relationship between the impression perceived on a photo of an architectural internal space and the phsical features of its color image. For fifty sample color images of internal space, we have performed a questionaire concerning what impression he/she acquires for each image by asking him/her to choose one of the impression words from a pair of antonyms. Also, we have computed color and texture features of photos. Here we used two-dimensional wavelet transform to obtain texture features while Lab-color space is used to extract color features. We then applied a decision-tree algorithm in order to derive interpretable and meaningful correlation of the impression words and image features. As a result, for images for which a majority of people had the same impression, we have found an interesting, interpretable common feature among the images.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
App22-
発行日: 2003/06/30
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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
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発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 568 号 p.
Cover12-
発行日: 2003/06/30
公開日: 2017/01/27
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