This paper proposes simple equations for predicting the smoke layer height to be used to evaluate the performance of evacuation safety in case of building fire. The simple equations correspond to the typical types of design fire, i.e. constant, t-square and their combination and room configuration. These equations were applied to several sample spaces, and their prediction capabilities were verified by comparison with a computer model. The following results were obtained. These simple equations have prediction capability almost equivalent to BRI2002, a two-layer zone model, often used as a tool in evacuation safety design.

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To inspect the suitability of using the ordinary wearing elderly simulator, which is called "INSTANT-SENIOR", instead of senior, the walking time and the behavior of the group with the ordinary and "INSTANT-SENIOR" are compared with those of the ordinary and senior. As the result, we concluded that "INSTANT-SENIOR" is available as the subject to model the walking behavior of the group evacuation from the point that they become obstacles to the ordinary as the senior do and they won't change the speed during the repeated experiments. Therefore, the experiment of the group evacuation using "INSTANT-SENIOR" as subject is shown in this paper.

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Some regions along the coast in East Hokkaido have peculiar climates, with dense fog in summer and abundant sunshine in winter. The purpose of this paper is to propose how to effectively use a "sunroom" during summer and winter in these regions. Air temperature and humidity conditions were measured in both summer and winter within two detached houses in these regions containing a "sunroom". From these measurements, the following knowledge was acquired: 1) In summer, a large sunroom provides good environmental temperature conditions for a living room connected with it during the dense fog season. 2) In the case of a detached house built with a sunroom, it could be predicted that the heat loss through glazing doors situated between the living room and the sunroom greatly decreases in winter.

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The EA method for constructing a reference weather year was compared with the SHASE and some modified EA methods. The weather data used for the comparison were 15 years daily data at 797 stations in Japan, calculated from Expanded AMeDAS (EA) Weather Data. The following results were obtained. 1) 60% of the typical months selected by the EA method weg the same as those by the SHASE method. 2) Among the five weather parameters, e.g., temperature, humidity ratio, solar irradiation, precipitation and wind speed, except for temperature, monthly mean values and daily cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the typical months selected by the EA method were closer to those of the 15 years than those selected by the SHASE method. 3) As for temperature, monthly mean and daily CDFs of the typical months selected by the EA-DWT method were the closest to those of the 15 years.

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Synopsis : A modified 65MN(Multi-Nodes) thermoregulation model is tested for the evaluation of the skin temperature distributionin each body part under solar radiation. The present model can be also applicable for the coupled analysis of CFD and radiation. Skin surface temperature distributions predicted by this model are compared with those by subjective experiments in the real scale experimental atrium under solar radiation. Predicted each skin surface temperature almost corresponds to that of subjective experiment with the accuracy around 1 degree Celsius difference. However, the prediction accuracy on the legs and arms is poor by comparison with that on other body parts, which must be required the improvement of prediction accuracy on the legs and arms. As a whole, the present model is a useful tool for the prediction of skin surface temperature distribution under solar radiation.

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This paper reports the measurements and simulation on thermal performance of model house with air-circulation system in brick walls. The results of measurements in summer season are follows: 1) The temperature range of room air was within 3K. 2) The air in the earth cool tube was cooled down to the earth temperature. The results of measurement in winter season are follows: 1) The solar air-heater was effective in heating the air. 2) By taking the heated air into air-circulation space of brick walls, the brick surface temperature of room side was constantly higher than room air temperature. And about a numerical simulation, introduction of several passive techniques and systems for using natural energy to a normal model was estimated to reduce seasonal heating/cooling load by about 50%.

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Computations based on Large Eddy Simulation(LES) with and without inflow turbulence are applied to the flowfield around a high-rise building model. The results are compared with those of the experiments and a revised k-ε model in order to clarify the effect of the velocity fluctuations at the inflow boundary on the prediction accuracy of time-averaged velocity fields around the building. Special attention is paid to the prediction accuracy for reproducing the flow behind the building. The results of the LES with inflow turbulence showed generally good agreement with experiment in terms of the distributions of velocity and turbulence energy in this region. This improvement results mainly fom the fact that the periodic velocity fluctuation behind the building is well reproduced in this case.

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Full-scale chamber of test house was used to investigate emission data of sesqui-terpenes from cedarwood. This experiment involvedplacing samples of cedarwood and an ozone generator in one room of the test house. The sesqui-terpenes were identified. The indoor sesqui-terpenes concentration with ozone emission was much lower than that without ozone emission. It was found that the higher the indoor ozone concentration, the lower the sesqui-terpenes concentration. The sesqui-terpenes might have been consumed by the reaction with ozone during the experiment. The concentrations of formaldehyde (HCHO) were not changed regardless of the change of ozone concentration. HCHO is not expected to be formed by the reaction between ozone and the major sesqui-terpenes emitted from cedarwood.

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In tills paper, a measuring method of the performance of passive adsorption building materials that are used for reducing pollutant concentration in a room is developed. The convective mass transfer characteristic has a great influence on its performance. In order to control the convective mass transfer rate precisely in the performance test, the authors have developed the Boundary Layer Type Small Test Chamber in which precise control of airflow along lhe test materials can be done. The equivalent ventilation rate (Q_<ads>) of adsorption performance is drawn as the new index that corresponds to the rate of convective mass transfer rate in the case of the adsorption surface concentration to be zero. To demonstrate the performance test, the adsorption test of the gypsum board that has the ability of decomposine HCHO within the board by the addition of some chemical materials is performed. The adsorption rate of the gypsum board prediated by the CFD corresponds well with the experimental result.

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Analytical and numerical models were developed to predict emission rates of VOCs building materials. Most important parameter in these models is the effective diffusion coefficient within the building material. However, the measurement data of the effective diffusion coefficient is not enough. For porous materials such as gypsum board, the convection resistance of the material surface boundary layer could not be ignored when compared with the diffusion resistance. This paper reports the result of measuring effective diffusion coefficients that consider convection resistance for building materials by the Chamber method and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). How the convection resistance influenced the effective diffusion coefficient was examined.

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In this paper, the kinds of heating methods and concepts used by residents in creating an indoor thermal environment for detached houses in Nagano Prefecture are clarified. Moreover, it examines how the energy consumption for space heating as a result. The results are as follows: (1) In the house where the insulation efficiency exceeds the regional standard value in Nagano Prefecture, it was satisfied with heating equipments and an indoor thermal environment. (2) In the house where the average air temperature in the living room is high and the utility bill is considered cheap, it was found that the householder's age was young, a hot air heating device was adopted and ventilation equipments were used in all rooms and were continuously driven. (3) In the house where the energy consumption for space heating is a little, it was found that residents felt more insulation unnecessary, the specification of the floor in the living room was a mat. It was understood that Nagano Prefecture was region where the house of various insulation efficiencies exists, and residents' preconception and heating methods are also various. Therefore, after the realities and problems are considered, it is necessary for the energy saving design in the future.

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This research is aimed to identify the characteristics of an urban structure that is thought to contribute to the heat island phenomena by statistically analyzing the urban plan information, such as building and land uses. First, fifteen items of urban information were arranged into 500 mesh using the Tokyo Metropolitan GIS, and exercised a main ingredient analysis. Next, using the result of the main ingredient analysis, a cluster analysis was exercised in order to attempt to categorize the urban structure. Moreover, by comparing the observed temperature of the Tokyo Metropolitan air pollution agency, the relevance between the urban structure and temperature was examined. Conclusions gained by this research are as follows. 1) As a result of the main ingredient analysis, components that regulate the urban structure are the level of urban development as a No.1 main ingredient, and the building heights as a No.2 main ingredient. 2) A cluster analysis from the No.1 and No.2 main ingredient score, the structure of Tokyo Metropolis was categorized into six district-patterns. 3) The result gained by comparing the score of mail ingredients and observed temperatures in the summer showed that both No.1 and No.2 main ingredients score had good relevance with night temperature but less relevance coefficient when it comes to the daytime.

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The research object is to investigate the effects of luminance level of the light source in the central vision on arousal level, attention and task performance. In this study two experiments were carried. The results are as follows: 1. Comparing to the environment without light, arousal and attention level become higher in the environment with light, but arousal level and attention are not influenced by luminance level on the range of 30 cd/m^2 to 1000 cd/m^2. 2. The performance of computer key-in task and letter detecting task become worse when the lighting environment changes from luminance level of 100 cd/m^2 to 8000 cd/m^2. However, short-term memory task is not influenced by the change of luminance level. Arousal and attention level increasecd when light is put into darkness. However, on the range of luminance level from 30 cd/m^2 to 1000 cd/m^2, arousal and attention level do not change when the level of brightness increases. 0n the contrary, legibility becomes worse, adaptation time becomes longer, and task performance worsens in over-bright environment.

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The authors investigated momentum and heat transformation process over residential area by turbulence measurement. Velocity and temperature variation were measured at two measurement points, one of which was downstream side of open space, and the other was downstream side of urban canopy block. It was compared that the sensible heat flux and momentum flux calculated with eddy-correlation method. We verified urban canopy site's decreasing wind velocity, increasing turbulence and increasing sensible heat flux compared to open space site. The four-quadrant analysis showed that ejection was prompted relatively by natural convection and sweep was prompted by forced convection.

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In this study, the simplified method of estimating the CO_2 emission using information on drawings was formulated about three kinds of structures, conventional wooden one, light gauge steel structure, and reinforced concrete construction. This method can estimate the CO_2 emission using the information about scale, form, and specification of houses easily computed in a design development stage, and it can estimate in very high accuracy. Furthermore, as a result of performing the case study by the simplified method of estimation, it was shown that the method using information on drawings formulated in this study can easily estimate the CO_2 emission, in a design stage, can examine about design alternatives, and can reflect on the design its examination result.

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Long service life, reuse and recycling and three primary measures for reducing environmental burden in building field. A sutainable building structure system enables the environmental burden to reduce. This structural system, which is a kind of damage-controlled structure, consists of columns, beams like knee brace. Since the connections are semi-rigid, there is no large bending moment occurring in earthquake, and the columns and beams suffer no damage. The buckling-restrained knee braces only absorb seismic energy. The columns and beams are connected with special long bolts alone, facilitating demolition of the structure and able to be reused the members. In this sudy, full-scale experiments of the connection were carried out. Based on these results, structural models, which modeled the connection, were analyzed, and the structural system was verified.

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