A model was developed to predict the ratio of air entrainment into mechanical smoke vent on ceiling in two-layer environment where upper part is occupied by hot smoke, while lower part is occupied by cold air. Prediction model was developed for both cases that streamline of entrained air is visible (direct entrainment) and that lower air is mixed with smoke before entrained into vent (mixing entrainment). Direct entrainment takes place when actual smoke layer thickness is smaller than critical thickness for the onset of entrainment developed in part 1 of research. Mixing entrainment takes place when actual smoke layer is larger than critical thickness. In case of direct entrainment, flow pattern was approximated by either plane, line or point sink according to the scale of vent opening relative to the scale of flow field below opening. Air entrainment ratio is calculated by the fraction of surface area of control volume that is below smoke-air interface over the entire control volume surface. In case of mixing entrainment, interface is lifted towards the opening. It was assumed that the degree of mixing is proportional to the surface area of lifted interface. Varying the combination of smoke layer temperature, thickness and venting rate, experimental measurements was repeated for 88 times. In case of direct entrainment, it was demonstrated that the streamline for smoke-air interface outside control volume was lifted upwards when smoke layer thickness was close to critical thickness. The degree of lifting would be expressed by a linear function of the ratio of actual smoke layer thickness to critical thickness. In case of mixing entrainment, it was found that air entrainment ratio is inversely proportional to 2 power of ratio of actual smoke layer thickness to critical thickness. Predicted results are in good agreement with experimental results.

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A series of measurements of sound pressure levels were carried out at waiting areas in hospitals; meanwhile, psychoacoustical survey questionnaires were conducted. Measurements of impulse responses were also carried out to extract reverberation time (T_<20>). As a result, the relationship between the L_<Aeq> and questionnaires reveals the statistical tendency that the subjective perception of acoustic condition turns to "bad" from "good" at the 60dB. The comparison of T_<20> and the average absorption coefficients (α) for waiting areas offer the hypothesis that the difference in ceiling absorption coefficients influences architectural acoustic condition.

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In general, no measurement or test is performed perfectly, and the imperfections in the process will give rise to error in the result. Consequently, the result of a measurement is only an approximation to the true value of the measurand, which is the specific quantity subjected to measurement. A test result is only complete when the measurand value is accompanied by a statement of the uncertainty. Uncertainty is defined as the parameter, associated with the result of a measurement that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand. In this study, an estimation of the uncertainty of measurement in the thermal insulation test on a high-density glass wool board is described.

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In our previous paper, the influence of the amount of cracks on the indoor thermal environment, which had been affected by buoyancy powers, was quantified. In order to grasp the influence of wind power ventilation on indoor thermal environment, we used the full-scale research house, which was built in a climatic chamber, and reproduced the wind power ventilation that had been measured on existing dwelling. The significant difference of indoor thermal environment between windward and lee was quantified. And it was clarified that vertical temperature profile and the amount of external air introduction had a liner relation.

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The purpose of this study is to make a database of the local convective heat transfer coefficients (h_c)for each part of a human body in indoor environments. Values of the local h_c for a naked human body are determined based on both the results of experiments on a thermal manikin and analyses of the radiative heat transfer rate. The results are followed. (1) At the extreme parts of the human body, h_c is about 1.5W/m^2K higher than the average value for the whole body, and for the trunk parts are about 1.0W/m^2K lower than the average values in the state of standing and sedentary. (2) The value for the local h_c decreases as the human body approaches the furniture.

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In this paper, Direct Capture Efficiency (hereafter DCE) is defined as how much contaminants are captured directly by a local exhaust device. DCE can be calculated from airflow and concentration distributions obtained by CFD simulation or measurement, and it can evaluate the performance of the exhaust device even in the case where the exhaust airflow is disturbed by other flow in the actual room e.g. airflow supplied from an air-conditioning system. Two case studies are demonstrated in this paper; utilizing the canopy type of local exhaust hood and a push-pull type of local ventilation system, and the relationship between the efficiency of local exhaust devices and air disturbance around them is studied with DCE based on the CFD simulation.

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A computer simulation program is constructed for the floor supply air conditioning system in which thermal capacity is augmented by latent heat storage compared to the general building structure thermal energy storage. Calculations can reproduce measurements about variations of air temperatures and stored heat with suitable heat transfer coefficients. Calculations which simulate the air conditioning system in office buildings indicate that daily air conditioner load can be completely shifted to the period for thermal energy storage during night when the available enthalpy difference of granules including phase change material (PCM) is 128.5 kJ/kg.

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Information systems play an important role in today's advanced information society. The concentration and performance of the information processing devices that make up these systems are increasingly rapidly, and this has led to an increase in the heat concentration of Data Centers as well. For this reason, air conditioning systems for Data Centers must offer a high level of reliability to constantly maintain appropriate room temperatures. In a previous report, we proposed a calculation method for evaluating the reliability of air conditioning systems - targeting central heat source A/C systems and distributed A/C systems as well as co-generation systems with complex system configurations - and examined the unique features of this calculation method. In this paper, we will use the previously proposed calculation method to conduct the following studies, targeting cases in which the systems have actually been implemented. 1) Study methods for evaluating reliability with consideration to change in the performance of air conditioners, and change in room temperature accompanying A/C system stoppages. 2) In an A/C system comprised of several A/C units, evaluate how the reliability characteristics of each individual air conditioner, and the number of devices that make up the system, affect the overall reliability of the system. 3) Evaluate how the individual units that make up a co-generation system affect the overall reliability of the system.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of utilizing the exhaust heat from substation. Therefore, we conducted the survey of the building utilizing the exhaust heat from the substation to the hot water supply system of the office floor and the employee dining floor, and the analysis was carried out by using the data got from the investigation and management data of the building. As a result, we clarified that the energy consumption of the building can be reduced throughout a year by the inverter control of the pump for the heat carrier.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate energy consumption of various public facilities which a local government makes a management and an operation, and to analyze those ratios to occupy in energy consumption of the whole city. By this study, the following effects were obtained : 1) The ratio of electric consumption held about 67% in annual energy consumption of city. 2)The annual electric consumption of city was about 5.59MWh/person/year. The breakdown was an electric lamp agreement consumption about 1.94MWh/person/year, an electric power agreement consumption about 3.65MWh/person/year. 3) The average value of an annual electric consumption in public facilities was about 0.17MWh/person/year. And the ratio of public facilities to occupy in electric consumption of the whole city was about 3.2%. 4) In an annual electric consumption of public facilities, utility supply facilities held about 23%, utility treatment facilities held about 28%, elementary and junior high schools held about 12%.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of recent electrified housing and the consciousness of designers and residents. For this purpose, the questionnaire survey was carried out to designers and residents of electrified housing entered into the contest of architectural works of them in Chugoku area. As the result, though thermal insulation is considered in much housing and the adoption of pair glass is also frequent, the thermal conductivity resistance value is considerably different by the housing. As a merit of the electrified housing, both designers and residents mention indoor air quality, safety, comfort for old people, etc. By applying the Quantification Theory Cluster III, we found the common axis that distinguishes two standpoints. 0ne of them emphasizes the physical performance of housing such as thermal and aerial environment, and another emphasizes easiness of handling equipments, economical efficiency, etc.

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According to a substantial literature, some living environmental factors are associated with an increased incidence of allergic diseases. However, the relationship between living environmental factors and allergic diseases is not so clear. We surveyed a general population samples aged all years (0 to 99) living in Saitama prefecture in Japan (n=7,395) to study the relationship. Multiple logistic regression analyses estimating independently the role of the various living environmental factors showed significant influence associated with rural area, near landfill sites, near industrial plants, structure of house, re-covering of wall papers, indoor pets, indoor molds e.g., for symptoms like some allergies or SBS. As the results, these analyses indicate a hypothesis that indoor air pollution induced by living environmental factors included ambient environments are possible influence of symptoms like some allergies or SBS.

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In this paper, applicability of funding method based on the market principles to urban policy was discussed. The funding method by issue of bond founded on the benefits by a project was examined, followed by a proposal of a financial framework. Based on the framework proposed, a model project, which retrofitted the existing old wooden houses so that the fire extension could be avoided, was examined. Since benefit of the model project was observed not only on the project areas but also the surrounding areas, the economic liability of each citizens remained pavable. Through examinations it was concluded that the funding method based on the market principles was realistic from the economic point of view and would contribute to promote urban policy.

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The analysis attempts to examine the theoretical ground from which the concept of 'sustainable use of building stock', which has recently been proposed by the OECD, has been developed. The analysis first attempts to clarify the concept of service life of buildings, by clarifying four different ways of defining the concept on the basis of an economic model developed in the field of the urban economics. Among them, the real service life of building, which is referred to as the period during which buildings could meet the space demand, has formed a basis to develop the concept of the sustainable use of building stock. The analysis also examines how the promotion of the sustainable use of building stock could bring environmental benefits to our society to suggest that the real service life is directly linked to the environmental sustainability of building stock.

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This paper estimates the wastes of building materials (timber, plywood, plaster board, plate glass and roofing tile) from demolishing wooden houses in every year (2004-2020) in Japan, and on the condition of them, analyzes the effect of reusing/recycling for preparing existing and future problem. lt is determined that about twice of them in 2004 will be issued in 2020 from wooden houses and it is showed how to look for the best balance between reusing and recycling at least costs by using "reuse-recycle curve" and "Linear Programming".

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