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原稿種別: 表紙
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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発行日: 2005/07/30
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原稿種別: 表紙
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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発行日: 2005/07/30
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原稿種別: 付録等
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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黄 弘, 大岡 龍三, 加藤 信介, 大竹 宏, 林 吉彦
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
1-8
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In order to predict firebrands scattering in urban fire, Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD), turbulent combustion model, radiation model and firebrand scattering model are coupled and it is verified by a fire wind tunnel experiment. The density, terminate velocity and Stokes diameters of firebrands which are necessary for the firebrand scattering model are measured. The ratio of Stokes diameter and proportionate diameter is focus on 0.2〜0.7. A firebrands scattering simulation in a modeled urban area has been conducted using the coupled model and the firebrand experimental data. It is found that in urban fire when the inflow wind velocity is comparatively slow, the size of the thermal plume becomes significant, and when the inflow wind velocity is high, the thermal plume is suppressed and greatly inclines to the leeward side, which increases the risk of the fire spreading to neighboring buildings. Firebrands can be scattered over 400m. Firebrands are blown up by the thermal plume and the scattering distances are influenced by the background flow field, the magnitude of thermal plume, and the Stokes diameters of firebrands.
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石橋 睦美, 上野 佳奈子, 橘 秀樹, 渡辺 充敏
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
9-16
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In order to investigate the subjective impression caused by various kinds of environmental sounds in residential buildings, a series of subjective tests were performed by laboratory experiment using a multi-channel recording/reproduction system. As the test sounds, road traffic noise, railway noise, air-conditioning system noise, rock music transmitted through a wall, structure-borne pump noise and floor impact sound were presented by single sound or by mixing two sounds to investigate the effect of the noises. As a result, it has been found that rock music and pump noise are much annoying/disturbing than road traffic noise and air-conditioning system noise even if they have the same A-weighted sound pressure level. Regarding the effect of complex noises, rock music and pump noise can be masked psycho-acoustically by air-conditioning system noise but railway noise and floor impact sound can not be masked by road traffic noise.
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近藤 純一, 稻沼 實
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
17-24
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In general, the solar heat gain through windows has the biggest implication on the thermal indoor environment as well as the airconditioning load. As the proportions of the glazing area in the facade in recent office buildings are getting larger, this implication has also been getting conspicuous. The authors have ever performed a research on the thermal effect of blinds fitted inside windows. In this report, the thermal performance evaluation method for external blinds, which has much higher efficiency than inner blinds, was described. The comparison of the calculated results and the figure obtained by the relevant experiments also was carried out and the accuracy of the method was confirmed. Higher calculation algorithm made it possible to trace the 99.8% of solar radiation through the window on which fitted with external horizontal blinds having a rectangle section, by utilizing strict evaluation of reciprocal reflection and considering configuration factors between each slat.
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山岸 明浩, 赤林 伸一, 坂口 淳, 浅間 英樹, 石山 洋平
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
25-31
発行日: 2005/07/30
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The purpose of this study is to examine the actual conditions of the energy consumptions of various purposes in the houses in Niigata area. The data showed in this paper is measured continuously from November 2002 to March 2004. We have analyzed the results as follows. (1)The average of annual energy consumptions amount is 70.3GJ. Although the annual amount of energy consumptions varies in each house, the amount of per floor area decreases such differences. (2)Total rate of air-conditioning of four seasons is 77.6% of the whole amount of energy consumptions, which includes 41% of the heating system and 35% of hot-water supply in winter. (3)Seasonal amount of energy consumption decrease in spring and autumn, and increase in winter. This result shows the elements which affect seasonal change of the amount of energy consumption are mainly air-conditioning and hot-water supply. (4)A change in the day of the amount of energy consumption varies in the existence of the use of the midnight electric power. (5)Regarding the change of consumptions of the day, use of air-conditioning and hot-water supply is longer in winter compared to summer, and their peak of energy consumption increases in winter. There is no remarkable difference in energy consumption of other uses in summer and winter.
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長谷川 兼一, 吉野 博, 石川 善美, 松本 真一, 源城 かほり, 竹内 仁哉
原稿種別: 本文
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
33-40
発行日: 2005/07/30
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Indoor thermal environment, energy consumption and occupant's behavior of 620 detached houses in 12 cities of Tohoku district were investigated in the winter of 2002 by means of the questionnaire and the measurement using liquid crystal thermometers. The same investigations have been performed at an interval of 10 years since 1982. The purpose of this study is to grasp the trend of indoor thermal environment and energy consumption in houses, form the view of the change for 20 years, and to obtain more information on the indoor enviroment design in the future. This paper describes the change for 20 years of indoor temperatures, occupants' behavior and kerosene consumption during the heating season in each cities, and analyzed result on regional characteristics of winter thermal performance. As a reslut, it was concluded that cities of Tohoku area could be divided into three groups from the viewpoint of thermal performance and occupant's behavior. Aomori was similar to Sapporo, and these of Tohoku city area become more and more like Sapporo during 20 years.
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朱 清宇, 加藤 信介, 安宅 勇二, 徐 長厚
原稿種別: 本文
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
41-48
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This paper presents experiment results of emission rate of aldehydes and VOCs released from products such as partition panel used in office and furniture using a full-scale stainless test chamber (19.7m^3). Temperature and air humidity in the test chamber are controlled to 28±0.5℃ and 50±5%. When the air change rate is 0.5h^<-1>, the background concentrations within the full-scale test chamber are below 15μg/m^3 for formaldehyde, 20μg/m^3 for toluene and 26μg/m^3 for TVOC at 28℃. The emission rates of aldehydes and VOCs from partition panel are strongly influenced by the airflow within the test chamber. It is difficult to measure the emission rate of VOCs from furniture such as cabinet because of its low emission and the higher background concentrations compared with that of small test chamber.
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柳 宇, 池田 耕一
原稿種別: 本文
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
49-56
発行日: 2005/07/30
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For reducing the indoor air pollution in connection with microbes, it is important to clarify quantitatively the actual contamination status of the microbes in an air-conditioning system which greatly affects the indoor air quality. This paper reports the results obtained from the survey about the growth environment and the pollution actual status of microbes in the air-conditioning systems equipped in eight office buildings in Tokyo. The main conclusions obtained from this research are as follows. (1) By measurement of the growth speed of Alternari alternate, Eurotium herbariorum, Aspergillus penicillioides which used as a biosensor in this study, it is shown clearly that the environment down stream of a coil is favorable environment for the microbes of the 70-95% of the minimum relative humidity for growing. (2) On some object surfaces of an air filter, a coil, and a humidifier, when many, 10,000 microbes per square centimeter were measured.
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小松 正佳, 高草木 明
原稿種別: 本文
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
57-64
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The monthly consumption data of electricity, and chilled water and steam supplied from DHC are obtained from maintenance records for over a 14-year period of a commonplace medium-scale multi-tenant office building. This paper clarifies and presents the relation among their consumption data and outdoor air temperature data using multiple regression analysis. If strong correlation is recognized among them, the regression equation is helpful in calculating standard chilled water consumption, etc. If weak correlation is seen among them, it must have resulted from the maintenance worker's unsteady judgment in charge of HVAC control. Therefore it is required to improve the current control methodology.
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山根 祐子, 村川 三郎, 高田 宏, 坂本 和彦
原稿種別: 本文
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
65-72
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The purpose of this study is to develop the calculating method for cold and hot water supply demands based on the fixture usage in the time series through a day. This method is adaptable to office buildings by setting up the calculating model. In this paper, the water usage in office buildings are investigated and analyzed to obtain the fundamental data for the calculating model. The frequency of usage and the occupation time are calculated in each fixture. Also, the duration time and the flow rate in each water usage are shown in toilet's fixtures, hot water service rooms and restaurants. From the results, the latest tendencies of fixture and water usage in the office buildings were clarified.
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日渡 賢一, 岡 建雄
原稿種別: 本文
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
73-80
発行日: 2005/07/30
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This paper discribes the results of a calculation of the amount of energy consumption, carbon emission and resource consumption due to the construction and operation of refuse-incineration.In the results, we are found that the following. (1) The final amount of energy consumption ,carbon emission and resource consumption are 469,286.8GJ, 10,385.4t-C and 48,906.2t due to the construction of refuse-incineration that can burn 360t wastes for a days. (2)The final amount of energy consumption and carbon emission are mainly related to the construction of mechanical plant and the building construction.The construction of mechanical plant account for about 70% of final energy consumption and carbon emission. (3)The final resource consumption is mainly iron stone, limestone and gravel.The iron stone, limestone and gravel account for 28.3%, 23.5%, 23.4% of final resource consumption due to the construction of refuse-incineration.
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松尾 聡, 高木 直樹, 岩井 一博, 山下 恭弘
原稿種別: 本文
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
81-86
発行日: 2005/07/30
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This paper describes the characteristics of the urban climate in provincial cities. The authors carried out 2 types of mobile measurements in Nagano city. One was a bicycle-borne measurement, and the other was a car-borne measurement. They found a relationship between land use and air temperature from the bicycle-borne measurements. For the same land use, there was only a slight difference in temperature, and the variation in commercial areas was relatively small as well. However, they observed a large difference in temperature in suburban residential areas and agricultural zones. Bicycle-born measurements were taken in winter during the day and at night in Matsumoto city, Maebashi city, Kofu city and Gifu city. The authors obtained the following results. 1. We confirmed the existence of microclimates similar to Nagano's in many other cities. 2. During the day, the temperature in commercial areas is comparably lower than that in suburban residential areas and agricultural zones. However, at night the temperature in commercial areas is comparably higher than that in suburban residential areas and agricultural zones.
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浅輪 貴史, 梅干野 晁, 武澤 秀幸, 清水 敬示
原稿種別: 本文
2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
87-94
発行日: 2005/07/30
公開日: 2017/02/11
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This study investigated the behavioral characteristics of both window opening and air conditioning use at a residential area having leafy canopy. Window opening and air conditioning use were measured at the living and dining rooms of each house for four months during summer. Influence factors, including the outdoor microclimate, on these behaviors were analyzed using statistics analyses, considering household differences. Analysis of variance showed that the behavioral patterns of the window opening were various among each house, whereas the air conditioning use was mainly influenced by the factors of period in the season, time zone and the outdoor air temperature, in every house. The relationships between the air temperature and these behaviors were clarified systematically. At a house, the outdoor wind environment effected on the window opening and the air conditioning use under a specific air temperature condition.
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三浦 昌生, 久保田 徹, 猪熊 周平, 西村 陽介, 水野 歩
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
95-102
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The purpose of this study is to develop improvement systems for the living environment by Residents' Associations through preparing the "Living Environment Maps". As the second stage of this study, this paper examined the supporting methods for living environment measurements with residents' participations based on the whole process of the field measurements for noise level and NO_2 concentration, which residents actually participated in at the case studies with 3 Residents' Associations. Researchers' supports for explanations and coaches for using noise level meters and capsules for NO_2 capture are effective for promoting residents' participations to the measurements.
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小野 浩史, 平手 小太郎
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
103-109
発行日: 2005/07/30
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This paper evaluates VR reproducibility found on the real-space screen, by performing some tests for space perception by means of different subject properties and presentation equipment to compare the images on VR and real space. This evaluation obtained the following conclusions. (1) The degree of space perception can be determined by whether one has architectural knowledge. Subjects with architectural knowledge can show a certain level of space perception during the first VR experience, while other subjects with no such knowledge can acquire the same space perception level as the well-versed subjects after they have repeated VR experiences. (2) The size of VR image displayed was insufficiently reproduced on the real space. Even a large projector used for this experiment, which was expected to achieve the highest reproducibility of the image size, left room for improvement by means of new image displaying approaches and other means. (3) Subjects showed completely different space perception between a large projector and a laptop computer for image display. The VR experience by a laptop computer was observed to be effective particularly for space perception.
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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2005 年 70 巻 593 号 p.
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