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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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田中 太, 大宮 喜文, 小林 武雅, 石川 直央, 松山 賢
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2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
1-6
発行日: 2007/02/28
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Fire whirls are often generated in large-scale fire like forest fire or earthquake fire. The fire whirls are very dangerous swirling fire phenomenon. It spreads fire by strong radiation and a lot of firebrands. In this research, to grasp formation mechanism and burning characteristic of fire whirls, model experiment was done. We quantitatively examined the formation mechanism of fire whirls by using the circulation in the flow field. Results are shown as follows. 1. When the dimensionless circulation exceeds about 0.94, a stable fire whirl is caused. 2. The fire whirls with large dimensionless circulation are high and steady. 3. The fire whirls with large dimensionless circulation has the flame core of the high temperature. 4. The combustion efficiency of the fire whirls improves compared with free combustion. 5. Velocity in the fire whirls increases linear by the influence of the fluid viscosity.
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大宮 喜文, 小林 武雅, 鈴木 淳一, 増田 秀昭
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
7-13
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The purpose of this study is to grasp the efficiency of thermal control regarding steel plate by using water discharge system. The experiments were carried out by using the radiation panel at BRI. The specimen, that is steel plate in this paper, is one size (Height: 1000[mm]; Width: 500[mm]; Thickness: 5[mm]). The experimental conditions have changed the water supply rate gushed from water discharge equipment and the heat flux rate from radiation panel to steel plate and so on. As the results of experiments, the following tendencies were acquired; the character of water film relates to Reynolds number, the temperature rise of specimen (steel and water) is clearly decreased by effect of water film and the efficiency of thermal control becomes higher so that the water supply rate increases.
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冨田 隆太, 井上 勝夫
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
15-22
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In this research, we examined the comfortability and stability for walking on direct pasted wooden floorings for aged and adults. We also examined the relation between walking sense and dinamic displacement of direct pasted wooden floorings. As the result, we got the followings: (1) We showed the group classification about the impact force characteristics is effective to walking sense for aged, (2) We showed the examination method of dynamic displacement about the walking sense, (3) We showed the dynamic displacement corresponding to each aged groups in considering the impact force when displacement is measured.
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角舘 政英, 小林 茂雄, 海藤 哲治, 池田 圭介
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
23-29
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The purpose of this research is to examine an ideal street lighting environment in Yatsuo Town in Toyama City which would not only harmonize with the streetscape but would also assist in crime prevention. The authors produced experimental lighting environments taking advantage of light leakage from building openings instead of present street lamps. The experiment results showed that the dangerous atmosphere of the street was reduced by light from the openings on the first floor. It was also found that light from openings with latticework were effective in recreating the traditional atmosphere of Yatsuo old town. In addition, it was understood that light from these openings, along with soft illumination of outside walls produced an attractive spectacle, when visitors viewed the row of houses from a distance.
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樋口 佳樹, 宇田川 光弘, 佐藤 誠, 木村 建一
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
31-38
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In the previous study, the authors have already described the heat load simulation method considerling thermal effects of the external environment of a house. In this study, effect of housing density and housing direction in the housing area on the room temperatures and the heating and cooling loads is studied by the simulation method developed by the authors. While the heating load of the house in higher density area considerably increases in winter, the cooling load slightly decreases in summer. The simulation results showed that in case the housing density is less than 33%, the increase of the total heat load consisting of heating and cooling throughout an year is within 10% and in case the housing density is 53%, the total heat load increased by 30% comparing the house without adjacent buildings. It was found that the effects of adjacent buildings on the room thermal environment and heating and cooling loads are rather large in the housing area in the suburbs of large cities. The consideration of the adjacent buildings in the heat load simulation is necessary for the building model built in the housing area. When the effect of adjacent buildings is ignored, the space heating load may be underestimated.
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笹本 太郎, 加藤 信介, 村上 周三, 大森 敏明
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
39-43
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It is necessary to control the heat source according to the change in the heat load. The indexes called CRI (Contribution Ratio of Indoor Climate) was developed so that how each heat source in a room contributing to form the local air temperature can be easily looked into. Comprehensive evaluating system for indoor thermal environment is proposed by combining CRI_<(C)> (evaluating for convection) and CRI_<(R)> (evaluating for radiation). The applicability of this system was examined in an experimental office room. Temperature at some specified points were well predicted using this system with the limited number of temperature sensors.
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近藤 純一
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
45-50
発行日: 2007/02/28
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In recent years, a number of buildings with large glazing have been increasing. In general, internal heat gain in this kind of buildings also getting larger and solar heat gain through the windows is the biggest disadvantage factor for cooling load in occupancy areas. The effect of blinds has been highlighted for years to reduce the heat gain, and it is known that the external blinds have the best performance of all these solutions.The author has ever researched on the thermal performance evaluation method for external blinds, which has much higher efficiency than inner blinds.The evaluation method to prove the performance of much more complicated shaped external louver was conducted in this research and the performance differences of six external louver types ware indicated by utilizing this method.
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今野 雅, 鎌田 元康, 坂本 雄三
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
51-57
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In this paper we compare several error estimation methods in finite volume CFD analysis using Cartesian grid method. One of the methods is Richardson's extrapolation method. It is most popular form but it has a lack of requirements of calculation on two meshes. The rest are new methods Jasak proposed, namely Direct Taylor method, Moment method and Residual method. These enable single-mesh error estimation unlike the Richardson method. As a result of our survey about these methods' performance for several rather complex flow test cases, we find that the Residual method's efficiency for adaptive mesh refinement is better than other methods.
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正田 浩三, 垣鍔 直, 杖先 寿里
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
59-65
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For developing a practical method that can control the amount of dust and microbiological particles produced from the human body, total amount of production and the amount of airborne particles have been measured in different levels of clothing cleanliness and activities. The results showed that amount of airborne dust particles was correlated well with thatof airborne microbiological particles when particle diameter was 2μm and 5μm, regardless of clothing worn. Inaddition, analyses demonstrated that amount of dust and microbiological particles produced from the human body may be reduced by consistent cleanliness of clothing worn.
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豊貞 佳奈子, 清水 康利, 北口 かおり, 大塚 雅之
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
67-74
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Disposer wastewater treatment systems, comprised of food waste disposers and wastewater treatment tanks, are approved and have spread quickly in Japan. Direct discharge disposers, which discharge wastewater directly into sewer, are under consideration of approval by authorities. This paper therefore compares types of disposer installation using the life cycle cost analysis method. The LCC increased in all cases of disposer installation. In cases which involved 100 households or less the LCC of introducing direct discharge disposers was lower than that of installing disposer wastewater treatment systems. When disposer wastewater treatment systems are installed, user costs increase and waste/wastewater treatment costs to the public sector decrease. Subsequently, certain measures may be required, such as returning some of the public sector cost savings to users.
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竹崎 義則, 山海 敏弘
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
75-82
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Effluent from garbage disposals contains large quantities of chicken bones and eggshells. Calcium and phosphorus in these food wastes may dissolve into the wastewater in the tank, resulting in high levels of calcium and phosphorus after processing the wastewater. In this study, we tried to elucidate the behavior of calcium and phosphorus in a tank using full-scale membrane bioreactors. The results were as follows. (1) Decomposing garbage produced organic acids at the bottom of the bioreactors. The average concentration of total organic acids was 2500mg・L^<-1>, of which butyric acid accounted for approximately 60%. (2) When chicken bones and eggshells were added to the organic acid solutions, calcium and phosphorus were confirmed to elute into the solution. (3) Calculation of the material balance in the tank revealed that only slightly over 3% of the total calcium was retained in the activated sludge: two-thirds was eluted into the processed wastewater. It also revealed that more than 20% of the total phosphorus accumulated in the activated sludge, and that approximately 20% eluted into the processed wastewater. Our results show that calcium and phosphorus show different behaviors in the tank.
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十二村 佳樹, 渡辺 浩文
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
83-88
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Recently, it has been desired to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Phenomena (UHI). Each city has each urban climate, namely UHI is different in each city. So it is necessary to grasp the urban climate characteristics. In this paper, it is clarified the actual condition of air temperature distribution in coastal city SENDAI based on the results of long-term multi-point measurement. After that, it is analyzed the influence of wind upon the relationship between green coverage ratio and air temperature. As the results, the following were obtained. It is clarified there are following 2 patterns as typical summer day in SENDAI city area. And they have striking differences of Space-Time structure of air temperature distribution. a) The day with South - East wind in daytime b) The day with West wind in daytime In the case of a), high temperature area in early morning occurs around city center. If time passes, the area moves for inland. On the other hand, air temperature at near the seashore is kept low, about 30 centigrade, through daytime. In the case of b), high temperature area in early morning occurs around city center. In daytime, air temperature of whole area of the measurement is high value and air temperature difference is small. As the results of regression analysis between green coverage ratio and air temperature, the correlation coefficient in nighttime was high but the value in daytime was low. In daytime about the days with South - East wind, it was confirmed the sea breeze influence is large on the analogy of the results of fig. 8
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鳴海 大典, 坂口 勝俊, 近藤 明, 下田 吉之, 水野 稔
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
89-96
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In this paper, we investigates to reproduce the current level of photochemical oxidants in the Kinki district. The effect of changes in temperature and VOCs emission rates on the concentration of photochemical oxidants was investigated. As a result, the analysis of the effects of an increase in temperature on the concentration of photochemical oxidants showed that the oxidant concentration increased by a maximum of 5.3ppb when the temperature increased by 1 degree Celsius. In addition, it was shown that an increase in vegetation-derived VOCs had twice the effect as the acceleration of photochemical reactions caused by increasing the temperature. Furthermore, it was suggested that vegetation-derived VOCs have a substantial influence on the oxidant concentration.
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梅干野 晃, 浅輪 貴史, 村上 暁信, 佐藤 理人, 中大窪 千晶
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
97-104
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of a thermal environment in a substantial urban area by numerical simulation. First, we proposed a method for the gathering of spatial geometry and material data in a substantial urban area and developed a 3D CAD model, which was sufficiently accurate for the calculation of heat transmission. Then, we calculated the surface temperature for every urban block by using the numerical simulation on the assumption of a clear sky day in summer in Tokyo. Further, we ascertained the Heat Island Potential (HIP) for every urban block, which was an index of the sensible heat flow rate on all surfaces. The results indicated that the variation in HIP of 36 urban blocks were large not only in the day but also in the night. Furthermore, it was shown that every block group classified by land use type exhibited a characteristic tendency of the diurnal change in HIP, and that the varied land cover resulted in the differences in HIP in the same land use type group.
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清水 明子, 浅野 良晴
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
105-110
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The objective of this paper is to be clear the indispensable factors in the toilets primary and secondary schools through the children's way. The authors investigated the usage of fixtures in the toilets and carried out a questionnaire to the school children, who spent a few minutes in a toilet for many purposes. The following proposals have been presented. 1) To create an alcove in a toilet to promote the communication. 2) To provide a space where the children play in order to change the modes by themselves. 3) To offer a place where the children wait for their friends using fixtures. 4) To supply a shelf on which the belonging of the children are left in order to use fixtures.
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藤田 正則, 山下 拓三, 関戸 宏幸, 小河 利行, 岩田 衛
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
111-116
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Rolled H-section steel product standarded by JIS or ISO are useful for reusable members. These members are prepared for standard specification concerning about beam to beam, beam to column connections etc.. This paper discusses selection method and applying condition for reusable members using linear programing, and also simulates applying reusable members of low storied steel frame structures to those of new building steel structures using a database modeling. Then, evaluate application ratio and use for reusable members of building steel structures.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
App16-
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 72 巻 612 号 p.
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