日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
72 巻, 614 号
選択された号の論文の25件中1~25を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. Cover13-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. Cover14-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. App28-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. App29-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. App30-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. App31-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. App32-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. App33-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 田中 太, 大宮 喜文, 高橋 祥直, 高瀬 文生, 中尾 智昭
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 1-7
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Fire experiment of a full-scale compartment was performed in order to quantitatively evaluate fire control effect of water discharge system. Sprinkler and water mist equipment were used as the water discharge system. In the case of no water discharge, heat release rate was 500 kW. When the water discharge system operated, following heat release rate was obtained. 1. One head of sprinkler: 460 kW. 2. Four heads of sprinkler and one head of water mist: 410 kW. 3. Four heads of water mist: 330 kW. The heat release rate increases temporarily immediately after water mist operates. In this experiment, in addition, reduction effect of temperature in the compartment and passage by the water discharge was considered.
  • 佐藤 博臣, 志田 弘二, 栗岡 均, 村井 裕樹
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 9-16
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a basic research on a simple and comprehensive evaluation of the residential fire safe performance, this paper documents a statistical analysis of the factors governing burned area, such as building structure, start of, and cause of the fire. The analysis is made by comparing the distribution characteristics for the cases in which initial fire extinctions failed immediately after those independent combustions discovered. Moreover, influence on the burned area depending on types of the building structure, maintenance, and management, by using the expectation of the burned area as an index, is evaluated.
  • 槙 究, 赤松 摩耶, 佐竹 明子
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 17-23
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    There exist several studies on the visual impressions of material surfaces. However, the results of these studies reveal slight differences with regard to the dimensions of these surfaces. The authors carried out two experiments in which the subjects, situated at four different distances from 20 material surfaces, rated their impressions of the latter. The results indicated that there are three main dimensions regarding the impressions of material surfaces, even though the shifts of impression ratings, which depend on the subjects' distance from the materials, occur with regard to several material surfaces characterized by brilliance or asperity.
  • 朱 晟偉, 加藤 信介, 楊 霊目
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 25-31
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, the thermal adaptive effect of postural regulation was examined by simulating the heat discharge from a sitting human body dressed as an office worker in summer, which was exposed in the spot airflow supplied by a personal air-conditioner. At first, the experiments using a thermal manikin were carried out to measure the distributions of skin temperature and sensible heat discharge of the manikin by making it in forward-leaning or back-leaning postures. The flow field around the face was also measured with a PIV system. Next, the coupled simulation method of convection, radiation, moisture and Fanger's neutral model was adopted to simulate the heat discharge from a human body by changing its angle relative to the spot airflow. It shows not significant by not negligible thermal adaptive effect when changing leaning posture of the human body. On the other hand, it indicates the ability to improve the local thermal comfort by changing the human body's angle relative to the spot airflow.
  • 藍原 由紀子, 浅野 良晴
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 33-39
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    More pieces had been rejected in producing the lumber. These pieces could be utilized as the biomass energy. The use of wood incorporating utilization of these pieces as the biomass energy let achieve the resources recycling in the forest. Following results were obtained. : 1) The amount of the logs for the lumber production should be increased more than fiscal year 2004 by six times. 2) The amount of the rejected pieces corresponded 45% of the produced lumber. 3) The reduction of CO_2 emission by utilizing the wooden biomass energy was 0.59t-CO_2/(lm^3 lumber-year).
  • 岩下 剛, 鶴留 恭平
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 41-47
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Full-scale chamber of test house was used to investigate the production of ultra fine particles by chemical reaction between ozone and terpenes from conifer wood products. This experiment involved placing samples of cedar wood, pinewood and cypress wood, and an ozone generator in one room of the test house. The indoor terpenes concentration with ozone emission was much lower than that without ozone emission. It was found that the higher the indoor ozone concentration, the lower the terpenes concentration. Theses terpenes might have been consumed by the reaction with ozone during the experiment. The concentration of ultra fine particles was increased after the ozone emission. The ultra fine particles might have been produced by the chemical reaction between zone and terpenes from wood products. The relationship between the production rates of the ultra fine particles and the ozone reaction rate constants of mono/sesqui-terpenes was determined.
  • 星野 宗久, 森 崇行, 高木 直樹, 岩井 一博, 山下 恭弘, 内田 英夫
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 49-55
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to discuss the possibility that air pollution at areas around intersections can be alleviated via appropriate traffic signal control. A traffic simulation program was used to evaluate traffic signal controls. Firstly, the reproducibility of the simulation was examined, and the amount of traffic and automobiles' speed became acceptable in the simulation. Next, the precision in predicting air pollutants was studied. With regard to the densities of CO and NOx, good results were obtained. Lastly, a long-term evaluation was conducted based on road traffic census data and wind data, which was taken from an atmospheric observatory. As a result, it was found that CO and NOx can be reduced via appropriate traffic signal control in a wide range of weather and traffic conditions.
  • 清田 忠志, 谷口 明, 清田 誠良, 中村 安弘
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 57-63
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, we analyzed the relationship between land cover and air temperature in the urban area of Hiroshima during calm period, sea breeze period, and land breeze period in the summer. The summary of the results is shown below. 1) It is clear that the wind is the most influential factor for the city temperature, and the influential range of land cover reaches a maximum of about 250m. 2) In the land and sea breeze period, the river and open areas becomes a ventilation path that lowers the city temperature with a cold wind. 3) In the morning time, during the calm period, the green zone lowers the city temperature, and the open area raises the city temperature by solar radiation. At the night time, during the calm period, the high buildings raises the city temperature.
  • 足永 靖信, 阿部 敏雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 65-70
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The climatic response of cities to the heat island effect is thought to vary by city size and location. In this paper, we analyzed weather data for representative Japanese cities from 1961 onwards and examined characteristics of time series meteorological data statistics such as annual number of tropical nights. The number of winter days decreased, and the number of summer nights, tropical nights and extremely hot days increased in all cities. As a result of principal component analysis, the rise of temperature was identified as the first principal component, and the decline of the daily range of temperatures was identified as the second principal component. A cluster analysis using the first four principal components categorized the 16 Japanese cities into four sets. Factors related to the results of the principal component are discussed with the aid of multiple regression analysis. Numerical results show that the magnitude of the first principal component is described by latitude and distance from the sea, the magnitude of the second principal component is described by the logarithm of the DID (Densely Inhabited District) population and distance from the sea.
  • 飛田 国人, 中谷 岳史, 松原 斎樹, 藏澄 美仁, 島田 理良
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 71-77
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Thermal environment of the houses in Kansai area, Japan, was investigated in winter. This paper discussed indoor climate and thermal comfort. The main results are as follows; l) the ratio of occupants who did warming action such as to use kotatsu or electric carpet, as well as using heating such as air-conditioning and heaters was higher than that of occupants who used heating only, 2) the neutral temperature was 9.9℃(ET*) when occupants didn't do warming action, 3) the neutral temperature was 9.9℃(Tg), 10.9℃(OT), 10.9℃(ET*) when occupants wore much clothing, 4) more than 90% of occupants responded "acceptable", despite 70% of the temperature data varying from ASHRAE Standard55.
  • 糸井川 高穂, 羽山 広文, 絵内 正道, 菊田 弘輝, 山岸 浩
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 79-86
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    In medical facilities, the aim of room temperature is based on past studies for postures of standing and chair sitting, and on epidemiological knowledge. Studies aimed to clarify an evaluation of change of thermal environment based on psychological and physiological reaction for a posture of supine are needed. This report aims to exam an evaluation of change of thermal environment based on psychological and physiological reaction for hospitals. As a result, mean skin temperature for thermal neutralization became 33.7〜33.8℃ and for maximum thermal comfort became 34.1〜34.3℃ regardless of sex and cooling system almost equally to the value. Based on amount of physiological unit and psychological slope ratio, the radiant cooling system and convection cooling system has almost the same performance for hospitals.
  • 大井 尚行, 笠尾 円, 高橋 浩伸
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 87-92
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper aims to show the preferred combinations of illuminance and color temperature under various daily activities in residential houses. Subjective experiments were carried out using scale models illuminated by RGB fluorescent lamps with the dimmer. "Preference", "Brightness", and "Naturalness of color appearance" were evaluated as the scenes of "Relaxing", "Getting together", "Dining", "Cooking", "Learning", and "Resting (before retiring)". 25 combinations which consist of 5 illuminances (501x, 1001x, 2001x, 4001x, 8001x) and 5 color temperatures (3000K, 3500K, 4200K, 5000K, 6500K) were investigated. Preferred combinations of illuminance and color temperature vary according to the activity. The results show that the traditional Kruithof's curve is not necessarily effective under various scenes in the residential houses.
  • 武田 美恵, 渡邊 眞紀子, 立花 直美
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 93-98
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The soil classification system applied for urban parks in western Tokyo was examined in this study whether it could be generalized as a standard technique for planning and sustainable use of urban parks. Comparative studies on land creating history, use, management and soil physical-chemical properties of urban parks were conducted in Aichi and Osaka prefectures. The two-dimension coordination system composed of grading method and use supported the applicability of subdividing urban soils into soil units regardless of soil types. The soil properties in grassland area represented a pedogenetic succession regulated by grading method, use, and management. Green space is expected to relieve the warming phenomenon in urban areas. Although natural soils in urban areas are disturbed and transformed to artificial soil as results of surface filling or mixing of construction waste and garbage, soil has been recognized as natural resource in urban planning (USDA, 2005). A new classification system of urban park soils designed under the recognition of the soil forming process is required to create a symbiotic urban environment. Takeda et al. (2006) studied urban park soils in western Tokyo and proposed a soil classification system to subdivide urban park soil into soil units by investigating land-creating history, use, management and soil physical-chemical properties. The objective of this study is to examine whether the above-mentioned methodology could be generalized as a standard technique for planning and sustainable use of urban area. Comparative studies on land-creating history, use, management and soil physical-chemical properties were investigated in Banpaku park and Hattori green park, Osaka prefecture, and Aichi forest park and Odaka green park, Aichi prefecture. In addition, artificial and natural soils developed under a non-park use in the campus of Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama were investigated to discuss the applicability of the classification system. A total of 86 samples collected from the surface layer (0-5cm) and the second layer (5-15cm) in preservation forest, grassland, bare land, and wood-chip sections, were applied for soil analyses. Soil profile, soil compactness, water content, pH (H_2O) and pH(NaF), total carbon content, C/N ratio, and Melanic Index were examined to obtain soil characteristics. The pH(NaF) values of the investigated soils, except Campus soils in Yokohama area,the second layer of Odaka green park and Banpaku park, were under 9.2,which assigned non-andic (non-volcanic) property to their parent materials(soil matrix). The surface soils in grassland section had low C/N ratio compared with those in other sections. Bare land section was characterized with low water content and low total carbon, and high soil compactness. The physical-chemical features of the second layers were regulated by the stress of miscellaneous urban fill depending on specific land creating history. In order to extract the diagnostic layers with soil properties for each section in parks, a standard radar chart was defined independently by area using the average values of soil properties in preservation forest section. The diagnostic of the surface and the second layers, represented by a radar chart, had similar features with those of Tokyo area. From the obtained results, we confirmed that the examined classification system could be applied for subdividing urban park soils into soil units regardless of soil types. Furthermore, the matrix of combined diagnostic of surface and second layers in grassland soils exhibited a regularity of pedological succession on the base of grading method, use, and management. Further consideration is expected to develop a quantitative methodology for estimating resource value of urban soils.
  • 水田 和彦, 伊香賀 俊治, 村上 周三
    原稿種別: 本文
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. 99-106
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    This research describes effect of injecting rigid poly-urethane foam into walls and doubling glazing/sash as simple renovation methods for houses, according to the estimation of CO_2 emission by heating/cooling and LCCO_2 (Life Cycle CO_2). We estimated the CO_2 emission and LCCO_2 up to 2020 in Japan and obtained the following results. (l)Injecting rigid poly-urethane foam into walls where thermal insulation is little set up reduces LCCO_2 most for detached houses. (2)Renovation of openings brings more LCCO_2 reduction to houses insulated with 1993 energy saving standard in Tokyo. (3)When we choose one out of two methods above, we should take allowance for initial insulation level, house structure, and region. (4)Domestic CO_2 emission concerning thermal insulation for houses can be reduced by 13% to 19% in 2020 with the simple renovation methods.
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. App34-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. Cover15-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2007 年 72 巻 614 号 p. Cover16-
    発行日: 2007/04/30
    公開日: 2017/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
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