There is a possibility that an unexpected long time is required to identify the fire occurrence location in a room with obstruction of visibility by the smoke, distributed exhibit cases and production machines, such as in the factory where the floor space is extremely large and in the merchandize shops where various goods are exhibited. It is believed that identification of the fire occurrence location in the early stage of the fire makes the fire fighting more effective. For this purpose, a new algorithm for estimating the fire occurrence location and the heat release rate, is developed by transforming Alpert's equation, namely with the aid of the temperature decreasing property of the ceiling jet formed under the unconfined ceiling in a quasi-steady state. Compared with the experimental results, this proposed method is found sensitive to the number and installation interval of sensors used for the calculation and fluctuation of temperature data.

抄録全体を表示

It is shown that the kind of the scene through the window and its brightness influence occupant's rating related to the brightness in the rooms. The relationship between combinations of the various lighting design indexes used for the utilization of daylight and the brightness of the room are found out by the subjective experiment with scale model. The model of the room has a window. The scene through it is composed by the sky, a building and trees. Brightness of the interior, brightness of the exterior, the balance of them and the balance of interior brightness are rated by subject. The lighting design indexes, such as illuminance at the front of face, average luminance of interior and exterior, and the ratio of them, couldn't explain the ratings of the room. It is not suitable, like the present, to make the sum of the illuminances by the daylight and artificial light the design index of the lighting environment.

抄録全体を表示

In order to choose a proper type of window screen for windows under different conditions, it is required to predict visual discomfort caused by the screen. The purpose of this study is to propose a method for determining optimum optical properties of window screens to provide acceptable visual environment. The effects on the screen luminance of the openness factor of the fabric, the transmittance of the yarn and outside condition are examined. A computer simulation is conducted by using the Expanded AMeDAS weather data and the results shows luminance distribution on the screens and annual glare possibility.

抄録全体を表示

Area mean temperature for each surface of six walls inside a living room is estimated on measurement using a cubic net radiometer. The walls include a floor with electric heating, a south wall with window curtain, a north wall with curtain in part and a ceiling. Reliability of temperature estimation is discussed comparing measurement of surface temperature of a west wall by 36 sensors of thermo-couple. The result shows high reliability for values of surface temperature obtained by using the cubic net radiometer. In the case of receiving solar radiation on the curtain the error increases between the estimated and the measured.

抄録全体を表示

In this study, we examined the diffusion characteristic of the thermal plume from the Induction Heating(IH) cooker. And we showed the influence of the heat load from the appliance on the surrounding environment. We carried out two kinds of experiments. One is an experiment on the diffusion of the thermal plume (experiment 1). Another is an experiment on the removal of the heat load and the thermal environment around the appliance (experiment 2). As for the result of experiment 1, the thermal plume didn't diffuse so much in rising process. However, the thermal plume diffused after it collided with the exhaust hood. As for the result of experiment 2, the heat removal efficiency decreased in the condition that the ventilation rate become 300[m^3/h] or less on the operation by the maximum power. The latent heat exerted a remarkable influence on the thermal environment around the appliance. On the other hand, the heat removal efficiency was high in the experiment kept at 90[℃] of water temperature. And, the influence on the thermal environment around the appliance was small. Therefore, it is necessary to set the ventilation rate in consideration of the heat load and its continuous time. And, it is important to maintain the kitchen in an appropriate thermal environment.

抄録全体を表示

The formaldehyde emission from wood furniture have large influence upon indoor air quality. In this study, a simple large scale chamber was developed for measuring chemical emission from actual-sized furniture. Mass transfer coefficient and sink rate were examined. Formaldehyde emission from five wood products were measured by both large chamber and 20 L small chamber at same n/L condition. The results gave consistent formaldehyde concentration between both chambers. Air stirring in large chamber increased formaldehyde emission from bookshelf-shaped specimen, although it did not effect emission from flat-formed specimen. Formaldehyde emission from wooden furniture was measured by the large chamber. Most of newly made furniture gave comparatively low emission. Some of school furniture considered to be made approximately 10 years ago showed high emission.

抄録全体を表示

The multicomponent adsorption rate theory based on Dubinin-Astakhov model (MART-DA), which has been proposed in the previous report, is a practical model for predicting break-through curves of gas mixtures on activated carbon filter. In this paper, the MART-DA has been tested for abilities to predict total and component capacities reported for 13 sets of binary gas adsorption equilibria. Verified by the experimental data, it has been found that the MART-DA is successful in predicting adsorption equilibria of gas mixtures on activated carbon, and this precisions of prediction is comparable to that of the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). From the mathematical study, a multicomponent adsorption isotherm equation (for N⪰2) has been derived from the MART-DA. For pure gas adsorption (for N=1), this isotherm equation is theoretically identical with Dubinin-Astakhov equation. Moreover, it has been clarified that the adsorption/desorption kinetics calculated from MART-DA is equivalent to the linear driving force (LDF) approximated adsorption rate calculation.

抄録全体を表示

The influence of disposer operating condition and piping design on the flow velocity of disposer drainage and residue of ground solid was investigated by a model piping examination, which extracted the disposer installed houses survey. As a result, it was found that the water supply flow velocity, garbage processing amount for disposer and piping decline strongly affected the flow velocity and the residue. In order to prevent the eggshell residue inducing the pipe clogging, piping should be designed to maintain the flow velocity 0.3-0.4 m/s or more and a proper disposer should be selected.

抄録全体を表示

When designers try to create aesthetic space, fundamental data which serve as a norm cannot be found out. The purpose of this research is to show the aesthetic value of many users when designers try to create aesthetic space. We conducted the impression evaluation experiment which used the evaluation grid method, and found out many users' aesthetic value.We think that fundamental data when designers try to create aesthetic space are made by accumulating the data of such aesthetic value.

抄録全体を表示

This research examined the interpersonal distances from others desired by couples sitting on a hill by the sea. An investigation to observe the behavior of actual couples, and an experiment to assess their feelings were carried out in the early evening and the nighttime. In the results, the following points were demonstrated. 1) The closest distance the couples could allow others to approach was 2 to 3 meters in all directions, and the distance at which couples were not annoyed by others was about 5 meters in all directions, 2) When the distances with others were within about 5 meters, the time a couple stayed in their spot was affected by others. The effects were stronger when the others were in front of a couple or behind them in the nighttime. 3) When the distances from others were within 5 to 6 meters, the couple's intimate contact was affected by others. The distances were a little larger in the early evening than in the nighttime, and women preferred larger distances than men.

抄録全体を表示

Impurities mixed in recyclable waste are one of the serious issues in construction waste treatment. In this study, causes of impurity occurrence were clarified based on the field survey in various building demolition sites. From the result of this survey, influence caused by difference in quantity of impurity mixed in recyclable building demolition waste was examined in view of environmental load. As a result, the types of impurity which gave large influence were clarified. It was also shown that environmental load could be largely reduced when most responsible impurities were removed.

抄録全体を表示

These days, there are many improvements of management situation for office buildings such as the change of air conditioning system, introduction of energy conservation systems and so on. Therefore it is predicted that an energy consumption of office buildings is changing. The purpose of this study is to clarify the tendency of energy consumption in the office buildings of Hiroshima city from 1991 to 2004 and to examine the relationship between the change of energy consumption and the factors which have an influence on the consumption such as outdoor air temperature of summer, density of number of workers, the renewal of air conditioning system and so on.

抄録全体を表示