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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Published: July 30, 2007
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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Published: July 30, 2007
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Article type: Index
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Taito KINOSHITA, Hiroshi AKASAKA, Hideyo NIMIYA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
1-8
Published: July 30, 2007
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A calculation method of transmittance, reflectance and absorptance for Venetian blinds has been organized, taking into account the shapes and reflective properties of slats as well as the condition of incident solar radiation with direct, diffuse and ground reflective components. According to the organized calculation method, a computational program has been developed and calculations have been executed. It is found that the transmittance and reflectance of Venetian blinds vary with slat angle, specular and diffuse reflectance of the slat, profile angle of direct solar component, and amount of each component of the incident solar radiation.
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Akihito OZAKI, Harumi OZASA(KAGAWA), Tatsunori TSUJIMARU
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
9-16
Published: July 30, 2007
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Dynamic simulation software based upon detailed building physics called THERB for HAM is used to predict hygrothermal environment of whole building. The accuracy of THERB is verified through the comparison of monitored and calculated values of temperature and humidity of the actual residential buildings. Then sensitive analysis utilizing THERB is performed with a number of factors, such as property, area and thickness of interior materials and so on, which influence indoor humidity, especially excessive dryness during heating. Eleven factors that affect indoor humidity are defined with the extent of the influence by the multiple regression analysis on the basis of the sensitive analysis. It is clarified that the THERB can accurately predict the hygrothermal environment of buildings and the extreme sensitive factors influencing indoor humidity are the moisture generation in rooms, outdoor temperture and humidity, moisture capacity of sorption and desorption materials, water vapour permeance of interior finish and the preset heating temperature.
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Takamasa HASAMA, Shinsuke KATO, Ryozo OOKA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
17-24
Published: July 30, 2007
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To investigate the air exchange mechanism of single-opening system for engineering applications (ex. building ventilation), large-eddy simulations (LES) were performed on a flow around a building with room which has only one opening. First, using two types of calculation case (changing room configuration), flow features and turbulence property on the opening boundary were investigated. Second, to clarify the unsteady air exchange mechanism of single-opening system, the time history of flow features was investigated and conditional sampling was applied. It is clarified that mixing layer thickness and momentum transportation were affected by room configuration (closed or opened room). Especially, in the case configured by closed room, the amplitudes of fluctuation components were increased compared with the opened room case.
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Masaaki OHBA, Takashi KURABUCHI, Tomonobu GOTO, Tomoyuki ENDO, Yoshihi ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
25-30
Published: July 30, 2007
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The previous paper confirmed that the local dynamic similarity model can predict discharge coefficients, which vary with wind direction and opening position, if some requirements are met. Four types of wind tunnel experiments were carried out in this study to investigate how strictly these requirements have to be met when the model is applied to inflow openings. If was thus found that the model should not be applied when the opening is in a flow separation region, because it does not consider the effect on the discharge coefficient of recalculating flow generated by flow separation. It was also found that the effects of the direction of flow tangential to the opening, the profile of this flow over the opening and a wall hindering the diffusion of incoming air flow near the opening were generally small or negligible. Thus, there are no substantial problems in applying the model when the direction or profile of the tangential flow is changed or when there is a wall near the opening.
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Masashi IMANO, Naoki OHNISHI, Motoyasu KAMATA, Yuzo SAKAMOTO
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
31-38
Published: July 30, 2007
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We perform adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) using the Residual error estimation method for two dimensional laminar backward-facing step flow and three dimensional turbulent flow around a low-rise building. In addition to that we make parametric studies about control parameters for AMR and examine relationship between error of calculated flow and number of ells on meshes generated by AMR. Consequently we reveal that we can generate cost-effective grid automatically for the above flow cases by performing directional AMR using appropriate control parameters even if we have very few knowledge about mesh generation technique for computational fluid dynamics simulation.
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Takamasa HASAMA, Shinsuke KATO, Ryozo OOKA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
39-45
Published: July 30, 2007
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To examine the applicability of DES for building ventilation analysis, DES and LES were performed on a flow with a building having a single-sided opening. We also made simulations of the concentration flowfield on the same analysis model. Three types of calculation cases (1. LES calculation with coarsen grid, 2. DES calculation with coarsen grid, 3. Reference LES calculation with fine grid) were performed. It is clarified that DES could predict the unsteady and time average flow feature like the LES. However, DES tends to reduce the Grid-scale components compared with LES. As the result, the air exchange rate in LES was lower than LES.
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Tomohiro YOKOTA, Satoko CHINO, Shinsuke KOTO, Shuzo MURAKAMI, Yuji ATA ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
47-52
Published: July 30, 2007
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The report with high concentration of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H) in indoor environment that is one of products of chemical reactions has increased. The mechanism of 2E1H emission is considered that the water with high pH in concrete slab and self-leveling (SL) plaster reacts to Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in PVC flooring. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of 2E1H emission from the floor. By examining the relationship between water content of the SL material and 2E1H emission rate from the floor constructed the PVC flooring on the SL plaster, the 2E1H emission condition was clarified.
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U YANAGI, Koichi IKEDA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
53-56
Published: July 30, 2007
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In order to control indoor air pollutions caused by microorganisms and design the indoor air cleanliness appropriately, it is necessary to quantify the filtration efficiency over airborne microbes of an air filter installed in an air-conditioning system. This paper reports the in situ experimental results about the filtration efficiency of low- and medium-efficiency particulate air filter over both suspended particled and airborne microbes under real operating conditions of three air-handling units and one package air-conditioner located in Tokyo. Results show that there are significant correlations of filtration efficiency between airborne microbes and distributed suspended particles. Each of the filtration efficiency over airborne staphylococcus aureus, bacteria, and fungal spores is almost equal to the filtration efficiency over suspended particulates larger than 1μm, 2μm, and 5μm in diameter, respectively. This result indicates that it is possible to design indoor air cleanliness on microorganisms by using the filtration efficiency of the air filter over distributed suspended particles instead of airborne microbes such as bacteria and fungal spores in office buildings.
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Keisuke SEKIGUCHI, Masaki NAKAO, Shisei WARAGAI, Tsuneo UEKUSA, Hirohu ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
57-63
Published: July 30, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2017
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Water-cooled packaged air-conditioning systems are reevaluated in terms of alleviating the heat island phenomenon in cities and effectively utilizing building rooftops. Up to now, such reliability assessment has been insufficient, and this has limited the use of this kind of air-conditioning system in the information and communications sectors that demand a high reliability. This work has led to the development of a model for evaluating the reliability of water-cooled package air-conditioning systems. The model clarifies the behavior of air-conditioning systems when they fail, and quantitatively assesses the reliability of air-conditioning systems based on the redundancy and number of partitions of cooling towers. These results will be very useful for designing water-cooled package air-conditioning systems based on reliability.
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Daisaku NISHINA, Saburo MURAKAWA, Kenta FUKAGAWA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
65-72
Published: July 30, 2007
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Recently, irrigation ponds have been revaluated for their important role, as potential environmental resources, especially in developed urban area. The purpose of this study is to clarify their function of providing spaces for recreational behaviors. We selected three irrigation ponds, "Shoya pond", "Osawada pond" and "Mizutoriba pond", in Higashihiroshima City and carried out the observation survey and the interview with users around them through the year. As the results of the former survey, it was shown that the characteristics of the recreational uses were different among the three ponds, according to the frequent use in each pond. To classify the recreational uses, the quantification method of the third type was applied to the data of the latter survey. The classification frame of uses derived from this analysis was the almost same as the results of the former study, which treated the uses around urban rivers. Finally, to obtain the factors that effect on the number of users in each time zone, the quantification method of the first type was applied to each representative use.
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Ken-ichi NARITA, Akira OGASA, Yoshitami NONOMURA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
73-80
Published: July 30, 2007
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In built-up area, a convective heat transfer coefficient at outside building wall is closely related to the turbulent wind affected by surrounding roughness elements. In this paper, the newly-contrived estimation method for the convective mass transfer velocity by the evaporation from the filter paper was adopted to the real scale observation at tall building windows. And the fine structures of airflow in the vicinity of windows were also measured with 3-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer (5cm span). This time, the effects on the convective transfer velocity of a protruding post near the window, the existence of balcony, and the difference of location within the building wall were especially examined. The linear regression equations between mass transfer velocity and the wind speed at the one and half of the building height were derived for the windward condition and leeward condition, respectively. These equations were slightly changed dew to the location and surrounding conditions, but its variation range was restricted within 25%. As for the wind speed at the distance of 30cm from the surface, its only one regression curve to the mass transfer velocity was possible to determine for all observation points.
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Tamaki FUKAZAWA, Nobuyuki SUNAGA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
81-86
Published: July 30, 2007
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In the evaluation method for houses, especially for passive and low energy house, should be considered the residents' behaviors and the adjustment actions, such as the resident's movement between rooms, changing clothes and opening or closing windows. In this paper a thermal performance evaluation method considering the residents' behaviors and actions is proposed. First, the fluctuation comfort zones are illustrated, then the flow of the thermal performance evaluation method using the fluctuation comfort zones is mentioned, and finally, the validity of this evaluation method is shown by the concrete evaluation examples.
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Toshinobu OKU
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
87-94
Published: July 30, 2007
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The characteristics of land use formation made by the replacement of land according to the degree of affinity between land uses: residence, commerce, industry, green, vacant and suburbs, are analyzed. The land use formation is formed by the simulation using cellular automata. 1. Method of Simulation (1) The cells of residence, commerce, industry and green are not exchanged directly, but exchanged through vacant or suburbs. (2) The cells of residence, commerce, industry and green take an egoism strategy to land use exchange. (3) The vacant cell takes an altruism strategy or an egoism strategy to land use exchange. 2. Result (1) In the case of a vacant cell taking an altruism strategy: Vacant cells exist between the land use settlements, and form a city outline. A city outline is simple and clear. (2) In the case of a vacant cell taking an egoism strategy: Vacant cells exist inside of the land use settlement. A city outline is complicated and is not clear.
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Masanori FUJITA, Ryosuke FUMIKURA, Mamoru IWATA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
95-101
Published: July 30, 2007
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The reuse system mentioned in this paper is and overall system for realizing a reuse business in a series of cyclic process in a reuse flow, namely, design, fabrication, construction, maintenance, demolition, and storage. Here, we show the change of development of Rolled H-section steels. It is easy to handle them as reusable members because rolled H-section steels are manufactured in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard. These members are stocked in building steel structures since they are produced in 1961 by steel manufacturing. Kinds and quantity of them are investigated and evaluated for adaptable for reusable members.
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Article type: Index
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Published: July 30, 2007
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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 72 Issue 617 Pages
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Published: July 30, 2007
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