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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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岩田 利枝, 伊藤 大輔, 平野 祐介
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
1-7
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The purpose of this study is to identify the turning point where contrast glare shifts to grand total glare, namely saturation glare. The existing glare indices for large glare sources are examined and classified depending their evaluation of the contrast effect and grand total effect. Two series of experiment are conducted; in the first experiment pre-adaptation level is constant, and in the second the pre-adaptation level equals to the background luminance. The result of the first experiment shows that the glare sensation increases with background luminance the case with a higher background luminance. In the second experiment shows that elapsed time cannot reduce saturation glare while it can reduce contrast glare. PGSV can predict glare sensation for contrast glare. However, for saturation glare, background should be considered as a part of glare source and the calculation method of PGSV should be changed.
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張 晴原, 吉野 博
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
9-16
発行日: 2007/08/30
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In this paper, the standards for residential energy efficiency of China were studied. Heat loss coefficient and annual heating load of appartment houses in China were calculated, the values of which were compared to that of Japan. The conclusions from this study are: Both the annual heating load and the heat loss coefficients in the Japanese standards are slightly larger than that in the Chinese standards; the standard on heat transfer coefficient in the Japanese standards is the strictest; the air exchange rate is between 0.5 and 1.0 for all these standards.
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謝 靜超, 吉野 博, 菅原 華子, 三田村 輝章, 長谷川 兼一, 源城 かほり, 千葉 智成
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
17-22
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Two-years investigation on energy consumption was carried out for 9 residential buildings in Tohoku district from Dec. 2002 to Nov. 2004. In order to make clear the effect of low-impact life style on energy consumption, the low-impact life style menu on energy consumption was indicated to the occupants in 7 residential buildings, and the actions following the menu was investigated. The action period was a week in spring, summer and winter, respectively, in the second year. This paper reports the measurement results of energy consumption for two years and analyzes the causes of difference of energy consumption between the two years. The main results are following: 1) The annual energy consumption decreased 6% in the second compared to that in the first year. 2) The average of energy saving effect was 6% during the action of low-impact life style of a week in spring and summer. However, in winter, the average of energy consumption increased 11% compared with that of the week before the action. One of the reasons is the colder weather. 3) After the action of low-impact life style of a week, the average of energy saving effect was 4% in spring and 7% in summer compared with that of the week before the action. On the contrary, the average of energy consumption increased 13% in winter. 4) The results indicated that the energy consumption decreased in the second year because the energy saving consciousness became stronger after low-impact life style was acted.
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中村 弘和, 射場本 忠彦, 時津 晴司
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
23-30
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Cold air distribution system with fluctuating airflow creates the feeling of coolness by generating airflow over the human body. The airflow is set as a fluctuating airflow within a range in which the human body does not feel uncomfortable. We confirmed from the experiments using test subjects that the sensation of comfort was maintained with a fluctuating airflow in a room. It is in a room condition that wind velocity of 0.4 to 0.8 m/s, temperature of 28 to 29 degree C 40%RH, a clothing to 0.4 to 0.6 clo and an activity level of 1.1Met.
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大熊 涼子, 石野 久彌, 中山 哲士
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
31-36
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Room air temperature is recommended to be kept 28℃ for conservation of energy today. For human thermal comfort in room temperature of 28℃, it is likely to need personal control of the men dress lighter and, an increased air velocity. The present paper, by questionnaire survey in office at air temperature of 28℃, and experiment with subjects and thermal manikin of various clothes at chamber shows how human may feel to environment with air temperature of 28℃. Additionally, it is proposed to comfortable condition at room temperature of 28℃ in office as clothes, air flow, and radiant temperature.
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宮岡 大, 小玉 祐一郎, 武政 孝治, 蓮井 睦子
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
37-43
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Ventilation is one of the most important techniques for cooling. However the cooling effect depends not only on the building design and the climate condition, but also on the mode of ventilation -when and how the ventilation is operated. In this paper, is proposed the ventilation mode: a ventilation mode where a plenty of natural ventilation operates when being outside air temperature during the period: 18℃ ≦ AT ≦ 27℃ (AT: ambient temperature) throughout the year. Next, then the passive cooling effect is discussed based on the results of a series of parametric simulation studies. The cooling effect is verified in two ways: 1) hourly indoor temperature fluctuation without air-conditioning and 2) monthly cooling load of air-conditioning throughout the year. The results are obtained as following. 1. A room temperature decline is seen by the ventilation mode, and the effect of passive cooling is understood as for a change in a room temperature in summer.2. As for cooling load as well, it had great effect on a reduction by the one with ventilation mode. 3. When heat capacity was enlarged more, great effect on passive cooling was seen in a room temperature decline and cooling load reduction, and it found out multiplier effect with ventilation mode.
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岩松 俊哉, 星野 佳子, 片岡 えり, 宿谷 昌則
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
45-52
発行日: 2007/08/30
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This paper describes the possibility of radiative cooling with natural ventilation. We investigated the thermal encironments of two experimental small wooden buildings from the viewpoint of "exergy" together with subjective responses. One of the experimental buildings has a radiative cooling system on the ceiling and the other has a convective cooling system. In the room with radiative cooling, we set three patterns of cooling and ventilation. The ceiling surface temperature of the radiative cooling was set up to be much higher than the conventional radiative coolign panels, aiming at the realization of low-exergy cooling systems. We found that the cool radiant exergy emitted from the interior wall surfaces reached 413mW/m^2 and the maximum wet exergy contained by room air 62J/m^3 in the type of radiative cooling without natural ventilation, while on the other hand, those were in the type of radiative cooling with natural ventilation 10〜90mW/m^2 and 8 J/m^3 respectively. The number of the subjective votes for "comfort" in the type of radiative cooling with natural ventilation was larger than that in the type of radiative cooling without natural ventilation. It suggests that high-temperature radiative cooling systems can be realized provided that the indoor moisture is extracted by natural ventilation.
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張 先権, 加藤 信介, 石田 義洋, 黄 弘, 大岡 龍三, 卜 震
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
53-59
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This paper aims to evaluated the wind-driven ventilation performance of Dry Area for basement. The ventilation occurs through the opening connected with external wind environment. Although the ventilation of Dry Area has similarities with that of single-sided ventilation in residential buildings, it differs from the latter since it is greatly influenced by the urban surface boundary layer with big velocity gradient, while single-sided ventilation is approximately generated by uniform air flow. As the first study of a whole research, three-dimensional flow fields and concentration fields are calculated in this paper based on k-ε turbulence simulation model for a common Dry Area within urban boundary layer without the existence of above-ground building. Based on the simulation results, the relationship between the opening area with ventilation performance is analyzed, and the ventilation performances are evaluated further by using the index of VF (Visiting Frequency) and PFR (Purging Flow Rate). The influences of the layout of Dry Area, the aspect ratio el. are also qualitatively investigated and discussed. The results of this paper are considered to be helpful to wind tunnel experiments and further detailed numerical analyses in future.
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岩下 剛, 花田 良彦, 吉野 博
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
61-67
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Field survey on indoor air quality was conducted in winter season, in a classroom of an elementary school in Kagoshima city. The windows has been often closed because of avoiding the cold outdoor air in winter season. Therefore CO_2 concentrations during pupils' staying in the classroom were over 1500 ppm at the end of the lesson. Since the windows of the corridor facing outside had been open, CO_2 concentrations were close to the outodoor CO_2 concentrations. VOC of 2-hydroxy propanoic acid might be emitted from pupils since it detected when they stayed in the classroom. It was found that the ventilation during the break could play and important role in CO_2 concentrations during the next lesson. The CO_2 emission rate from one third grader pupil was calculated as 0.011m^3/h.
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星野 邦広, 加藤 信介, 安宅 勇二
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
69-75
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We have measured emission rates(ER) of DEHP from the PVC wallpaper using Micro chamber method when changing the environmental factors (Direction of a test sample, time and supplied gas type, test temperature). As a result, it was found that ER of DEHP is influenced by direction of a test sample and significant increased with the rise of test temperature. Additionally, we studied on the measurement of compounds other than DEHP, such as pesticides or phosphoric acid ester using Micro chamber method. The study conclusion indicated that it is possible to measure ER of pesticides or phosphoric acid ester from building materials.
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前原 勝樹, 相楽 典泰
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
77-84
発行日: 2007/08/30
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A VAV system is effective in the reduction of the electric power for air distribution and has been widely used as one of energy saving techniques in HVAC systems. However, the adjustment of the VAV control system is often difficult because of a type of mutual interference in two or more control sub systems. Then, we study on a control fule for reducing the interference between a VAV damper and a fan inverter operation to change air volume for room temperature control. With the models of an actual VAV system identified through a system identification method, the influences of both the control parameters selection and the fan inverter operation rules on the control performance of room temperature and energy consumption of the system are analyzed through simulations. As a result, we show that the adjustment of the fan inverter operation rules can effectively ensure its control performance and saving energy.
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佐藤 孝輔, 橋本 哲, 坂本 雄三
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
85-92
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Recently the multiple packaged unit systems are extensively used to large-scale buildings. It is indispensable to study the aspects in actual buildings, in which these systems are used, in order to evaluate the performance and improve them. The authors actually observed and measured the thermal environment and the equipment behavior in two large floor spaces air-conditioned by multiple packaged unit system. The paper describes these observations and measurements, and then discusses designing and operating this system from viewpoints of proper thermal environment and energy conservation. Finally, we propose the index to evaluate the behavior of this system.
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浅森 智子, 垂水 弘夫
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
93-100
発行日: 2007/08/30
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IN Japan, since the growth of energy consumption in the residential sector is remarkable, energy saving is recognized as being important. However, in evaluating residential energy systems, benchmarks based on the standard "four person household" are still applied, and a family's again and other changes are not taken into consideration. With this in mind, evaluation nethods for residential energy systems which take family growth into consideration were studied in this paper. THe energy consumption of the household over a 30-year evaluation period was calculated with the reflection of the number of persons in the family and change activities by the aging. The following results become clear: (1) Energy consumption and variation by household shift processes in each housing energy system, (2) The superiority of a photovoltaic residence and a PEFC(polymer electrolyte fuel cell) system residence in the energy conservation, (3) A possibility that the energy conservation effect will interchange between systems depending on household shift processes, (4) High correlation between the household number and the rate of energy saving, (5) The influence of elderly people's hospitalization on housing energy consumption.
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大石 洋之, 村川 三郎, 西名 大作
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
101-108
発行日: 2007/08/30
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of preference for regional landscape based on the analysis of psychological evaluation and free descriptive answer for preferable and dis-preferable landscapes. At first, the subjects were required to take photographs which they prefer and dis-prefer through fieldworks in Higashi-Hiroshima City. When the subjects took the photographs, they evaluated each landscape by questionnaire in free descriptive answer style and image evaluation at same time. As the result of the questionnaire survey, 849 photographs of reional landscape including green, buildings, river, road and more were taken. We grasped the tendency of image evaluation for the landscapes and the evaluation structure, which was analyzed by the statistical technique. In addition, the relationship between the image evaluation and the categorized free descriptive answer was analyzed by average factor scores. According to the result, we clarified the corresponded relationship between the details of descriptive answer for preferable landscape and the factor scores of image evaluation.
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新川 亮樹, 堤 純一郎, 仲松 亮
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
109-114
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Historical changes of residential houses and their indoor thermal environments are investigated in this paper. Six residential houses that have various location, structures and historical background from 18th century to the present time in subtropical Okinawa were selected for the full-scale measurement of indoor thermal environments. Diurnal fluctuations of indoor air temperature data without air-conditioning on one summer day were compared with outdoor data in each measurement house, and the temperature differences between indoor and outodoor were examined with solar radiation and wind speed data. Indoor thermal environments in old wooden houses are not so bad, however it is getting worse in ordinary RC houses, and then it is improved in and energy conservation housewith ventilated double skin walls.
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岡本 孝美, 中村 泰人
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
115-121
発行日: 2007/08/30
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The subject is to clarify a state of adaptation to climate, aiming at making an adaptation measure for prevention of the global warming. The study was investigated by measuring the occupied environment temperature OET which is defined as the mean temperature of environment around a person in the life every day. The survey was performed for ten subjects at the hottest area Kumamoto in Japan for a week running measurement every two months from June to December 2005. In consequence the life style of anti-air-conditioned type would be expected to be effective for makin an adaptation measure.
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安岡 かおり, 末永 慶寛, 松島 学, 増田 光一
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
123-129
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Many kinds of marine aquaculture have been conducted in the semi-enclosed bay. In Sido-bay where located north-eastern area of Kagawa Prefecture could produce marine aquaculture productions to supply the population demands. On the other hand, the feeding rate of fish farming is approximately 13,000 tones by year, which highest feed in the summer season. Therefore, the pollution from many floating aquaculture facilities can affect the environment via fecal waste and excess feed settles. After the field research, it was found the tidal current, bottom topography and dissolved oxygen consumtion rate by sediment are very important factors to evaluate the carrying capacity of aquaculture grounds. The authors proposed more quantitative evaluation technique for the capacity using the numerical model taking the effect from the oxygen consumtion by the fish in the aquaculture cage and bottom sediment.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 72 巻 618 号 p.
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