日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
73 巻, 623 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1~19を表示しています
  • スプリンクラー設備作動時の区画内煙性状 その1
    桑名 裕太, 織戸 貴之, 高瀬 文生, 太田 充, 山口 純一, 大宮 喜文
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 1-8
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Sprinklers generate a jet of downward moving gases from smoke in the upper layer of a two-layer zone within a compartment. It is necessary to determine quantitatively the jet of downward-moving gases and fire plume in order to calculate smoke behavior in a compartment with sprinkler activation. This study proposes a measurement technique of mass flow rate based on the gas analysis method since it is difficult to understand through conventional methods. Experiments were conducted on a full scale and the following results were obtained: the fire plume grows with sprinkler activation and a jet of downward-moving gases grows as the heat release rate decrease and the amount of sprinkler supplied water increases.
  • 宮内 真紀子, 鉾井 修一, 宇野 朋子, 小椋 大輔
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 9-15
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    In Southeast Asia, many monuments made from stone or brick suffer from the growth of plants and microorganisms on their surfaces. The present study examined the effects of algae on monuments, and proposes a mathematical model for prediction of the growth of algae.
    In this study, the Great Buddha in Sukhothai (Thailand) was investigated, and the effects of environmental conditions on growth of algae were examined. It was found that prediction of the moisture content of algae is important for prediction of their growth. In addition, a model of the growth of algae incorporating environmental conditions is proposed and validated.
  • ―空気流動を考慮した実大壁体実験の解析―
    向井 一将, 鉾井 修一, 小南 和也, 安福 勝, 鈴木 大隆, 伊庭 千恵美
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 17-22
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    A simulation program was developed to determine the thermal and moisture characteristics in an insulated wall where airflow may occur. The calculated result was compared with the experimental results for full-scale insulated wall. Results suggested that there may be some difference in permeability or space between insulating material and other material. The validity of the simulation program was also assessed. Using this simulation program, we will be able to calculate temperature and humidity inside the wall, when measured temperature and humidity are available.
  • 石井 仁, 藏澄 美仁, 深川 健太, 平松 正太郎
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 23-29
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to clarify the changes of thermal environment in a college classroom and to evaluate the improvement in thermal comfort of college students by installation of air-conditioning system in a classroom. The key findings from this study are as follows; 1) By the installation of air-conditioning, the classroom temperature fell within the Japanese school environmental sanitation guidelines in summer. 2) The students felt thermal neutrality and thermal comfort all the year round after air-conditioning was installed in the classroom. 3) If thermal environment in the classroom meets the boundaries of the comfort zone, the students will satisfy with the thermal environment. 4) Threshold of hot humid envrionment occurred at 27.1°C SET* by probit regression analysis.
  • 瀬沼 央, 武田 仁
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 31-38
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ceiling radiation cooling that used well water as a heat source and air conditioning were jointly applied to a test house with high airtightness and insulation, and data obtained through a long-term survey at the test house were analyzed. Based on such values as COP, PMV and SET*, comfort and energy-saving depending on operating methods were examined. The effectiveness of use of well water was investigated to find the degree of dependence on electric and natural energy. Data gained in the laboratory were compared with those obtained in the test house. It has been discovered that the joint use of air conditioning and ceiling radiation panels was most effective in terms of energy-saving and comfort. It has also been found that the use of well water was effective and that data from the test house were similar to the past data gained in the laboratory. This report shows that the ceiling radiation cooling system using well water is more effective than the conventional air conditioning system in terms of energy-saving and comfort.
  • 高橋 達, 椎野 渡, 鳥養 正和, 布施 安隆, 善養寺 幸子
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 39-45
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper describes the results of a field measurement of a residential plumbing system recycling rainwater and greywater and its exergy analysis. The followings were found. The amount of rainwater harvested is 48∼98% of rainfall on the rooftop. Quality of greywater is temporally improved by monitoring of the plumbing system and the residents' operating a combined treatment septic tank. The amount of exergy of rainwater or city water is very small, so that they might be similar to environmental water rather than resource. Chemical exergy of fossil fuel of 1086 MJ/month is consumed by a power plant in order to make micro organisms in the combined treatment septic tank consume chemical exergy of wastewater of 365.6MJ/month. Exergy of faeces or garbage is very large and consumed at all. Therefore, it is important to convert the way to consume exergy of these organic matter from just consuming into consuming with producing farm products such as compost or vegetable.
  • ―アンケート調査に基づくにおいの評価特性とにおいマップ―
    山中 俊夫, 甲谷 寿史, 松尾 真臣
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 47-52
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    “Smellscape” is a new point of view in evaluating the living environment. This aim of this study is to investigate the smellscape described by residents to evaluate the living environment in respect of odor. In this paper, questionnaire survey on the odor experience and visitor-panel test on perceived odors were conducted in four districts in Hanshin area, and the smell maps were tried to be drawn for each odor kind. As a result, the characteristics of various kind of odors were made clear and the difference between residents' evaluation and visitors' evaluation were shown.
  • 水冷パッケージ空調システムの信頼性評価に基づく冷却塔設計手法の研究 その2
    関口 圭輔, 中尾 正喜, 藁谷 至誠, 植草 常雄, 羽山 広文
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 53-60
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Water-cooled packaged air conditioner systems are gaining renewed recognition from the perspective of preventing the urban heat island phenomenon. Up to now, however, there have been no reliable methods for optimizing equipment capacity. For this reason, in telecommunications buildings, which demand high levels of reliability, there are cases of excessively redundant configurations, which not only result in reduced space efficiency, but also invite reduced operating efficiency due to partial load operations. In a previous report, we constructed a model for evaluating water-cooled packaged air conditioner systems, and demonstrated that it was possible to study equipment configurations based on these reliability evaluations. In this report, using this reliability evaluation model, we showed the equipment configurations required for each level of reliability. Furthermore, we proposed a design process using the reliability evaluation methods in this research, taking into account reduced capacity of the cooling tower resulting from the passage of time.
  • 富樫 英介, 田辺 新一, 横山 計三, 吉井 存
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 61-67
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Demand for electric power in private sector is increasing year by year in Japan. Especially during summer season, a high demand for electricity exists due to cooling load. Since an excess of capacity reduces the efficiency of electrical power plant, load leveling is needed. Natrium-Sulfur (NaS) energy storage system is a new technology that provides load leveling. In this paper, actual operation performance of NaS energy storage system was evaluated based on real operating data collected from building management system. Efficiency of NaS energy storage system was 73% including power conversion system (PCS). Power consumption of auxiliary machine (mostly electrical heater) was also measured and reported. Total efficiency of NaS storage system was evaluated in a correlation with average outdoor air temperature, and takes value between 50%∼65%.
  • 田中 篤, 村川 三郎, 越川 康夫, 高田 宏
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 69-75
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous paper (2007. 1), we had suggested the calculation models to apply the Monte Carlo Simulation technique for hot and cold water demands in the guest rooms based on the measurement of fixture usage in a city hotel through one year. When we tried the calculation by using the model, it made some differences of the hourly values in the time series between the simulation and the measurement results.
    Therefore, in this paper, we presented the new calculation model on the frequency of each fixture usage in hourly patterns especially. The validity of the simulation technique was confirmed by comparison with the measurement results. According to the model of two persons occupied in a guest room, we calculated the hot and cold water demands in each scale of the number of guest rooms; 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 rooms. From these calculation results, we clarified that the instantaneous maximum flow rates per minute and per guest room were reduced on the increase of the number of guest rooms. Also, we analyzed the relationship between heating power and capacity of storage tank based on the calculation results of hot water demands every one minute through a day. From these results, we showed that the simulation method was very useful to promote energy conservation for hot water supply system.
  • 竹林 英樹, 森山 正和, 西岡 真稔, 君島 健之, 鍋島 美奈子, 加形 護, 本田 隆
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 77-83
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Various pavement surfaces to mitigate the urban heat island are suggested. In this study, thermal characteristics of pavements for urban heat island measures are examined from the observation and analysis of surface heat budget. Net radiation, surface temperature, temperature under the surface, conduction heat flux, the weight of cores in each experimental surface and weather condition are observed. Evaporative flux is estimated from the observation results of the weight of cores. The surface heat budget under the same weather condition is examined, and sensible heat fluxes from each object surface are calculated. The parameters having the influence on surface heat budget, for example, solar reflectance (albedo), evaporative efficiency, heat conductivity, heat capacity, are examined.
  • 赤川 宏幸, 竹林 英樹, 森山 正和
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 85-91
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Radiation environment over the watered pavement and the highly reflective pavement, which have been developed for mitigation of the heat island phenomenon, were compared with that over a paved asphalt and natural turf under the same meteorological condition. Possible absorptions of long- and shortwave radiation by a supposed globe placed at 50 cm above these surfaces were calculated. It is found that the highly reflective pavement had a potential to degrade the thermal environment over it due to the increase of reflected solar radiation, while the watered pavement did not have such a side effect. Human thermal environment can be improved more effectively by shading and/or selection of the color of clothes than by changing the types of pavements. The estimated SET* on the watered pavement showed its superiority over that on the highly reflective pavement from the standpoint of the thermal comfortability at lower leg level.
  • ―気温の長期多点同時測定と観測風データに基づく分析―
    十二村 佳樹, 渡辺 浩文
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 93-99
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, it has been desired to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Phenomena. So many studies have taken up the effects of sea breeze to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Phenomena. On the other hand, it is useful to clarify the effects of sea breeze for decreasing urban air temperature to consider the urban environmental design. In this paper, it is analyzed the effects of sea breeze based on the results of long-term multi-point measurements of air temperatures and observed wind conditions. As the results, the following were obtained.
    -The relations between sea breeze component velocity and air temperature at the measurement point near seashore were considered. As the results, it was clarified a rise of air temperature was decreased with increases of sea breeze component velocity.
    -The relations of distances from the near seashore, the arrival time of sea breeze on each point and sea breeze components velocity were analyzed. As the results, it was confirmed the relations between the arrival time of sea breeze on each point and sea breeze component velocity have high correlation.
    -The effects of sea breeze for decreasing urban air temperature were shown as a distribution map. As the results, the effects of sea breeze were clarified spatially and quantitatively.
  • ―大阪市住宅系地区を対象として―
    石川 愛, 鈴木 広隆
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 101-106
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Various crimes have been steadily increasing and many people feel uneasy about public safety. Especially, the number of snatch occurrence in Osaka has been the top in Japan for the last 31 years, and it is serious problem. This study aims to research relationship between visibility and occurrence of snatch by quantifying the visibility.
    At first, from relationship among occurrence of snatch, population data, land-use data, and illuminance data, 24 wards in Osaka city were classified into 4 groups. In Sumiyoshi ward, belonging residential area group, relationship of occurrence of snatch was studied. From the study, the rate of occurrence of snatch is relatively lower in the area where distance of visible road is from 50m to 100m comparing the area where the distance is longer or shorter in both.
  • 南 百合子, 大岡 龍三, 沢崎 愼祐, 佐古井 智紀, 都築 和代
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 107-114
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, due to global warming and the heat-island effect, more and more people are exposed to danger of heat disorder. The hot thermal environment can be evaluated by various indexes, such as new Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) using the 2-Node Model (2NM), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), Predicted Heat Strain Model (PHS Model) and so on. The authors aim to develop a safety evaluation approach for hot environments. Subject experiments are performed in a laboratory to comprehend the physiological response of the human body. The results are compared with the computed values from the 2NM and PHS models and modified the sweating model in 2MN in order to take account the relationship with metabolic rate. Additionally, this new sweating model was applied to evaluation for thermal safety for hot environment.
  • 屋外空間の微気候と居住者の開放的な住まい方との関わりに関する研究 その3
    浅輪 貴史
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 115-122
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study investigates indoor and outdoor microclimates in a residential area having leafy outdoor space, including tall trees, and also researches the residents' consciousness toward window opening, in order to clarify relationship between the microclimates and the residents' living-style regarding window opening and air conditioning use. The measurement results of the microclimate show that the outdoor microclimate, including shading by the tall trees and the wind environment, largely effects on the indoor climate and the thermal comfort of the space. The residents' consciousnesses toward the living environment obtained from questionnaire and interview indicate that the greenery and the comfortable microclimate in the outdoor space are the important factors that help them to open the window.
  • 板状電磁シールド材料間スリット状接続部の電磁シールド性能に関する研究 その1
    吉野 涼二, 井上 勝夫, 三枝 健二
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 123-129
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Electromagnetically shielded rooms always have joints between the shielding materials. The simplest configuration is a lap joint in which overlapping sheets are fastened at regular intervals by screws or by other types of fasteners. The shielding effectiveness of such joints with slit-shaped apertures has not been evaluated quantitatively. Measurements of electromagnetic wave leakage from slit-shaped aoertures were made with the intent of determining the relationship between the joint configurations and shielding effectiveness. The results indicated that the shielding effectiveness is dependent on the wavelength and the dimensions of the constituent parts. Numerical analysis using the FDTD method was carried out in order to explain the phenomena observed in the experiments. The data obtained through this study will be utilized in the future for quantitative evaluation of the shielding effectiveness of slit-shaped apertures.
  • 川西 利昌, 向山 達哉
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 131-137
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ultraviolet radiation is divided into UV-A (320-400nm), UV-B (290-320nm), UV-C (under 290nm). Of these, UV-B may be cause serious health problem, such as cataracts, loss of skin immunity, and increase of skin cancer. For this reason, it is important to know how to protect human body against the UV-B radiation. Shade is very effective to prevent the radiation. The radiation enters to the shade from sun and sky. The first step is to measure the sky radiance distribution of sun and sky radiation spectrum. We calculate erythema action radiation from the radiation spectrum. UV shade chart is made using distribution of the erythema action ultraviolet radiation. Using the chart, the shade is designed for protect against the UV radiation.
  • 京都市郊外の3LDKを中心とした賃貸マンションを対象として
    瀧澤 重志, 吉田 一馬, 加藤 直樹
    2008 年 73 巻 623 号 p. 139-146
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper we will investigate the relationship between the room layout which is mainly 3LDK type and the rent of apartment in the Suburb of Kyoto City by extracting meaningful substructures of a graph representing the room layout using a graph mining algorithm and emerging patterns. We will then construct a prediction model for the rent of apartments with high accuracy. Through our analysis, we will reveal certain typical substructures in the room layout which strongly affect the rent.
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