日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
73 巻, 627 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1~19を表示しています
  • -事前チェックリスト診断結果から焼損被害を推定-
    佐藤 博臣, 村井 裕樹, 栗岡 均, 志田 弘二
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 551-558
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Authors discussed on a method to estimate the fire damage area in existing office buildings by the beforehand questionnaire sheet survey.
    A questionnaire sheet was developed taking into consideration the score pointed not only the substantiality degree of the hardware factors, but also the substantiality degree of the software factors.
    A survey was conducted on experimentally 185 existing office buildings with the above-mentioned questionnaire sheet.
    As a conclusion, authors made clear what might calculate the fire safety index to be able to perform comparison of the fire safety performance between the building easily with the above-mentioned questionnaire sheet, and what might estimate the fire damage area before firebreak.
  • 武居 泰, 藤井 光治郎, 伊積 康彦, 中井 正一
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 559-566
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to predict the level of vibration and structure-borne sound of a building near the underground railway tracks, it is essential to investigate vibration propagation from the ground to the foundation of the building. Therefore, the authors proposed a simple prediction method of vibration propagation from the ground to pile-foundations based on the dynamic-substructure method, which was able to consider the soil-structure-interaction. In the method, input vibration to pile-foundations and response ratio of upper-structures with the dynamic-soil-spring were calculated. We predicted the vibration propagation from the tunnel to the buildings of three types, and confirmed that the predicted results were similar to the measurements.
  • 岐阜県白川村の平瀬地区を対象として
    小林 茂雄, 名取 大輔, 神宮 彩, 角舘 政英
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 567-572
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    This research investigated how lights attached to buildings in the street affected the sense of safety experiences by pedestrians. The street used for the experiment was in Hirase District, Shirakawa Village, Gifu Pref. As a result of the experiment, it was found that a sense of safety on the street was provided by light in the building openings, and this safety zone extended to a range of about 1/2 of the maximum distance at which the light were visible. Next, experimental lighting environments taking advantage of lights attached to buildings were produced within a range of 250m on the street. As a result of the experiment, it was found that residents tended to evaluate the sense of safety and the harmony with the landscape highly when there were lights in the openings porches those had already been set up. On the other hand, tourists tended to evaluate the items highly when there were paper lanterns those were newly set up attached to the building facades or on the sides of buildings.
  • 窓スクリーンを用いた室内視環境の評価法に関する検討 その4
    伊藤 大輔, 岩田 利枝, 望月 悦子
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 573-579
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to identify the characteristics of visual performance of window screens, which include providing sufficient light, reducing discomfort glare and keeping the visibility of the outside view, visual performances of window screens are compared with that of venetian blinds. The apparent openness factor and the average luminance and luminance distribution of the window, which determine the visual performance, are calculated for the window screens and the blinds. The results show the change in the apparent openness factor with the angle between the window plane and the line of the sight for the window screen and the blinds. The window screens are not advantageous to keep both a moderate average luminance and the pattern of the luminance distribution of the window in comparison with the blind, when they are hit by the direct sunlight.
  • 静穏環境におけるIHレンジを対象とした実験的研究
    熊尾 隆丈, 村川 三郎
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 581-589
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, we showed the heat removal when the top part type exhaust was applied to the commercial electrification kitchen appliance, and examined the thermal environment at the work positions. The top part type exhaust is a method to do a more local exhaust from the top hood type exhaust.
    The experiment was carried out by heating water with Induction Heating(IH) cooker. Two kinds of heat type were set. One was continued boiling, and another was maintained the water temperature kept at 90[℃]. We examined the heat removal efficiency and the thermal environment at the work positions from the experiments that were changed each item of "Height of the exhaust opening", "Diameter in the exhaust opening", "Diameter of the pan", and "Installation of supplementary hood". The heat removal efficiency was decreased for a large diameter of the pan in each heat type. The heat removal efficiency improved by setting up supplementary hood for a large diameter of the pan. The difference of the thermal environment at the work positions on experiment changed "Diameter in the exhaust opening" and "Diameter of the pan" was small. However, the temperature and humidity at the work position, 1,500[mm] height from floor, rose remarkably when the supplementary hood was set. The effect was occurred by the thermal plume to leak and to approach the work position. The top part type exhaust is effective to the latent heat removal. However, it is necessary to examine the installation method enough.
  • 木質系建築材料における腐朽現象の定量化とダメージの数学的予測モデルに関する研究(第1報)
    鈴木 大隆, 北谷 幸恵, 岩前 篤, 永井 久也, 小南 和也, 坂本 雄三
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 591-597
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    There are two points of view for the prevention design of moisture problem in the building insulated envelope. One is the strictly prevention of high moisture condition in the insulated wall cavity. The other one is the permission of short-term high moisture condition, condensation and high moisture content of the wooden material as long as keeping physical durability. If the later standpoint were chosen, the insulated envelope design of every variety for Japan would be possible. Nevertheless, there are no criteria to estimate the damage of physical durability of wood by the biological factors related high moisture condition.
    The points of this paper are as follows;
    1) The importance of estimation damage of woods by the moisture problems is describes.
    2) 2 case of hygrothermal steady state experiments were done to get basic acknowledge of woods damage by biological factors considering term, water content, temperature and humidity, physical durability.
  • 瀬沼 央, 武田 仁
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 599-606
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The ceiling radiation heating system having solar power as a heat source and joint system of air conditioning and floor heating were installed in a highly airtight and adiabatic house. In this report, data obtained from the long-term measurement were analyzed, and comfortableness and energy-saving depending on operating methods (use of air conditioning alone, joint use of air conditioning, panels and floor heating, and use of panels alone) under the same outside air conditions were studied with such figures as COP, PMV and SET*. In addition, it was examined what impact ceiling radiation panels had on indoor thermal environments before and after panels were in operation. The reliance on electric and natural energy was also investigated in order to find how effective the use of solar power was. It has been found that the use of panels alone made the distribution of vertical temperature more uniform than the joint use of panels and air conditioning and that the intermittent use of both panels and air conditioning saved energy and kept indoor environments comfortable. The outcome that the reliance on natural energy stood at between 20 and 40 percent has shown that the use of solar power was effective. It has been discovered that the ceiling radiation system using solar power was more effective than the conventional heating system in terms of energy-saving and comfortableness.
  • 住宅厨房と隣接するリビング空間の温熱・空気環境に関する研究(第1報)
    近藤 靖史, 阿部 有希子, 大島 敬典, 相澤 芳弘
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 607-614
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Indoor environment of house kitchens and adjacent living rooms is influenced by capture efficiency of an exhaust hood. When thermal plume over a cooking range is captured well by a hood, indoor environment can be kept in comfortable condition. However, in real house kitchens, there exists air disturbance due to air supply from ventilation system or air-conditioning system, and a part of thermal plume flows into a living room. Therefore ventilation system should be designed appropriately to keep capture efficiency of an exhaust hood high. In this paper, the relationship between position of air supply and indoor environment is studied by experiments and airflow visualization tests. Three typical air supplies at different position are supposed in the experiment and indoor environment is examined by the flow visualization and measurement of distributions of temperature and humidity. Secondly, the influence of air disturbance with cooking operations was examined by the experiments.
  • 白澤 多一, 遠藤 芳信, 義江 龍一郎, 持田 灯, 田中 英之
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 615-622
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Flow and diffusion fields around a building were predicted by LES and Durbin type k-ε model. The prediction accuracy of the both models was assessed by comparing their results with those obtained by wind tunnel test. The results of LES showed good agreement with experimental data in terms of mean wind velocity, turbulence statistics and mean gas concentration, while the significant differences were observed between the results of the experiment and the Durbin type k-ε model concerning the flow and diffusion fields in the wake region behind the building. This is mainly due to the fact that the periodic motions caused by the vortex shedding were not reproduced by this model.
  • 五十嵐 由利子, 萬羽 郁子, 八木 廉子, 石津 京二, 古賀 修, 宮永 俊之, 占部 亘
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 623-630
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    We discussed the simple method about a subjective evaluation of cooking odor diffusion from kitchen to a dining (or living) room. The subjects standardized their sensitivity by progressive amount of a standard material (2,4-decadienal) before each evaluating. And the subjects accord with results of the thermal environment measurement and the visual observation by the smoke flow in the room.
  • 変動特性を考慮した換気システムの評価法に関する研究 その1
    村田 さやか, 高倉 政寛, 鈴木 大隆, 繪内 正道
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 631-637
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Performances of ventilation systems can fall off because of wind pressure and pressure drops of frosted heat-exchange units. Though performance stability is necessary to maintain indoor air quality and energy saving, evaluation methods of its stability haven't be defined. In this paper, firstly, the calculation methods of airflow and ventilation load in consideration of changes of P-Q curve of a fan and pressure loss among the airflow path is described. Secondly, characteristics of the change in responses to frost and wind pressure are measured. Then, to estimate parameters of airflow and ventilation load calculation referring the above measured characteristics data is tried.
  • 中村 卓司, 長野 克則
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 639-645
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The real-scale experimental unit of HVAC system using building thermal mass storage for a commercial building was constructed and a series of experiment was carried out. The experimental condition varies direction of blowing, flow rate and density of diffuser in order to clarify their influence to the amount of charging energy into the slab. And the thermal storage capacity was analyzed making unit by differential of initial concrete slab temperature and blowing temperature. The result shows that the unit thermal storage capacity was proper, and the unit thermal storage capacity of horizontal blowing is larger than from 1.4 times to 1.9 times as vertical blowing.
  • 山海 敏弘, 土岸 教通, 豊貞 佳奈子, 北口 かおり, 清水 康利
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 647-651
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although the direct discharge disposer which discharges drainage to a sewer directly had been progressing quickly, the demand quality to the established stand-alone house installation disposer was not clear. Therefore, the trouble case of the disposers in the direct discharge installation was investigated by the questionnaire. The kitchen piping construction conditions of the established house were also investigated and piping was modeled. In 4 L/min which is the general water supply velocity of a manual water supply disposer operation, it became clear that the danger of the pipe clogging by egg shell deposition was high.
  • 清水 康利, 山海 敏弘, 豊貞 佳奈子, 北口 かおり, 大塚 雅之
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 653-659
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Household disposers and kitchen garbage-processing machines have become commercialized. This paper gives an estimate of the change in CO2 emissions since the introduction of these machines. Compared with the rate before introduction, CO2 emissions increased by 2.1% with the introduction of direct-discharge disposers, which discharge wastewater directly into the sewerage system. By comparison, it leapt by 31.1% when kitchen garbage-processing machines were introduced. CO2 emissions of small-sized houses at the time of disposer wastewater treatment system introduction have a tendency to increase. Therefore, the rate for detached small-sized houses has increased sharply by 51.9%.
  • 義江 龍一郎, 田中 英之, 白澤 多一, 小林 剛
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 661-667
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, we investigated characteristics of air ventilation and thermal environment in a built-up area with closely-packed high-rise buildings by wind tunnel experiments. The objectives of this study were to grasp the situation of the air ventilations in the extremely dense city, and to assess the influence of forms of building groups on the air ventilation. As the experimental results, spatial average of wind velocity ratios at pedestrian level could be expressed by vertical average of gross building coverage ratio, and the height variation of buildings was very effective for improving the air ventilation and the thermal environment in this dense area.
  • 川崎 寧史, 土田 義郎, 下川 雄一
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 669-677
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to research the relation between a whole image and a part of the image for views from high points in the center of Kanazawa, one of Japan's most traditional cities. In the first stage, we employed the Semantic Differential (SD) method to evaluate the whole and parts of pictures of the views from both Mt. Utatsu in the center and the top of a building in the new section of town. Each part was taken from the whole picture according to its landscape elements. The results of the SD method were analyzed with Factor Analysis, and 4 factors (tradition, familiarity, prosperity, monotony) were extracted mainly. At the same time, we analyzed all pictures with two image processing functions, Fluctuation and Texture Analysis, to measure the image features. Next we investigated the correlation between the 4 factors and the results of image processing. In this research, it was found that all whole pictures evidence the strong impact on the image of each factor compared with the parts. In the case of Mt. Utatsu, "tradition" and "familiarity" showed a strong correlation with Fluctuation and Texture Analysis because the view from its summit consisted of traditional houses, city buildings and green spaces in Kanazawa.
  • -視覚・聴覚の相互作用に着目した環境情報認知に関する研究-
    稲生 克義, 秋田 剛, 古賀 誉章
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 679-685
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The combined effects of visual and auditory senses has been investigated by means of measurement of reaction time of the direction judgment.The results indicated that; 1.The reaction time is became shorter than using only visual sense by the effects of trigger when hearing the auditory information of the same contents in judging the direction of the visual information, 2.The effects of trigger was effected the auditory of loud of S/N(Signal to Noise), 3.It's became shorter than using only visual sense by cue of the auditory information, 4.It's became longer than using only auditory sense when seeing the visual information of the different contents in judging the direction of the auditory information, 5.The reaction time of using only auditory sense had the same time as the reaction time of looking the visual information of the same contents in judging the direction of the auditory information.
  • 宗方 淳, 吉澤 望, 小島 隆矢, 豊原 寛明, 石井 儀光, 勝又 済, 平手 小太郎
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 687-693
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    This research has focused on the factors and the relationship between oppression and spaciousness of townscape, considering the difference of the type of the street. Staffs of construction division of local government evaluated 134 townscape located in several cities in Japan, as well as reported factors of townscape regarding oppression and/or spaciousness by the Caption evaluation method. As a result, in residential area, stronger dissatisfaction would be shown than in commercial area even if the rated degree of oppression is the same. Secondarily, distribution of factors relating oppression and spaciousness differ among the type of street, which can be concluded to reflect the difference of the amount of several element of the street. Finally, our findings show that some circumstance allow coexistence of oppression and spaciousness in the same street, which suggests the possibility of the method to compensate or mitigate oppression of townscape by increasing spaciousness.
  • -室内空気汚染による健康被害に関する研究(その3)-
    成田 菜採, 村上 周三, 伊香賀 俊治, 坂部 貢, 伊坪 徳宏
    2008 年 73 巻 627 号 p. 695-700
    発行日: 2008/05/30
    公開日: 2009/02/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    There are so many chemical substances around us today. On the other hand, new houses are significantly air tight by standards of energy saving policy and it is very difficult to exchange between indoor air and fresh outdoor air. As a result, indoor air quality becomes worse, and health concerns have been an increasing social problem. The studies for these problems have been developed in the several fields, such as Building Environmental Engineering, Medical Science and in other areas so on. However, to solve this problem fundamentally, the comprehensive and quantitative assessments from the generation of chemical substances to onset of symptoms are needed. In this study, the health damages by indoor air pollutants are evaluated comprehensively following the environmental assessment tool, LIME(Life-cycle Impact assessment Method based on Endpoint modeling) developed by advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Theoretically it is very difficult to evaluate sick-building syndromes, because these symptoms are extremely variable from person, and there has been no research in the world in these areas. Therefore, the data offered by a special hospital for sick-building syndromes are used with medical specialists in this study. A new assessment tools for indoor air pollutants is developed for the first time.
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