日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
73 巻, 629 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1~13を表示しています
  • 原 哲夫, 中浜 慎司, 嵐城 太郎, 山名 俊男
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 839-847
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Horizontal air jets system was developed to keep smoke out of the safe area, which was designed to allow free access of people from escape routes. Full scale experiments were conducted to study the distribution of air velocity, temperature and CO2 concentration in real pool fires. Smokeproof ratio and air change rate of the safe area were estimated by the air balance model from results of the experiment. Horizontal air jets were numerically simulated using the standard k-ε model of turbulence. Computed results were compared with experimental data to assess the accuracy of prediction. The smokeproof effect of horizontal air jets in crowd movement was evaluated with dummy bodies arrayed in front of air nozzles.
  • 横田 考俊, 坂本 慎一, 橘 秀樹, 石井 聖光
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 849-856
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The “Honji-Do” temple located in the “Nikko Toshogu” area, in Nikko City, Japan, is famous for its strange acoustic phenomenon called “Roaring Dragon”. A dragon is painted on the ceiling of this building and we can hear a strange fluttering echo when making a handclap under the head of the dragon. The temple was unfortunately destroyed by an accidental fire in 1961 and was rebuilt in 1969. In the reconstruction work, reproduction of the “Roaring Dragon” was one of the most important items and a 1/4 acoustic scale model experiment was performed to study the reason of the acoustic phenomenon and the way of its reconstruction. In this study, numerical analyses using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method have been performed to examine the “Roaring Dragon” phenomenon by referring the results of the scale model experiment. Furthermore, the acoustic phenomenon has been simulated in an anechoic room by applying a 3-D sound field simulation technique.
  • 戸倉 三和子, 三木 保弘, 淺田 秀男
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 857-864
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation between subjective evaluation and luminous environment by arrangements of small electric light and colors of light source in daytime and nighttime. A subjective experiment was carried out using a mockup living room with a window surrounded by the artificial sky dome which can simulate the overcast sky. The result was shown as follows. 1) Small electric lights were not very needed under high artificial sky brightness condition, at least 1100cd/m2. 2) Location of lights on the ceiling influences the visibility under low artificial sky brightness condition, 100cd/m2. On the contrary, difference between a wall luminaire and a downlight does not influence the visibility. In addition, the arrangement of small electric lights improves the lighting quality and reduces electricity consumption for lighting. 3) Warm white color (2800K) light from the small electric light is more popular than the neutral white color (5000K) light under low artificial sky brightness, 330cd/m2.
  • 菊池 卓郎, 井川 憲男
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 865-871
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is important to apply the natural light effectively for the energy saving of buildings. All Sky Model-L represents sky luminance distributions for all sky conditions continuously from clear sky to overcast sky. RADIANCE is a backward ray-tracer and is highly evaluated on its accuracy. In this research work, the RADIANCE combined with All Sky Model-L was developed. The accuracy of RADIANCE was evaluated comparing the measurement values with the primitive rectangular scale model and the calculated values under precisely measured conditions. The calculation values by the RADIANCE based on the estimated sky luminance distributions by All Sky Model-L are evaluated. The accurate features of the analysis are introduced in this paper.
  • 樋口 作夫, 羽山 広文, 絵内 正道
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 873-879
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is important to know how to balance the energy saving with the improvement of a learning environment in existing classrooms. This paper shows the influence of window glass specifications (area, U-value and Solar heat gain coefficient) and air-conditioning conditions (preset temperature for heating and cooling) onto the annual heat load of the school classroom.
    As a result of numerical calculations applying the Taguchi method, main points and effects to select the window glass and the air conditioning condition are shown as follows. 1) The influence of the preset temperature for heating is the largest in the area north than Osaka. 2) In the selection of glass performance in Sapporo, Morioka, Niigata, Osaka, and Fukuoka, U-value is more important for energy saving than the solar heat gain coefficient. 3) The influence of the window area is smallest in these 5 factors. 4) The low lapse rate of energy consumption would be expected from about 20 to 90% by the best selection of window glass and the air conditioning preset temperature setting. 5) An annual heat load presumed by Taguchi-method using SN ratio considering all 5 factors becomes smaller by about 30% than the load calculated by SMASH in the most suitable conditions.
  • -室内湿気発生源の勢力範囲解析に関する研究 その2-
    胡 睿, 加藤 信介, 石田 義洋, 黄 弘
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 881-886
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of each factor to the indoor climate. In the last part (part 1) of this research, the indoor humidity environment was treated as a linear summation of the contribution of each factor, which could cause an increase or decrease of humidity to the indoor environment. Then new indices were proposed as CRI(H)1,2,3 by means of Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. This paper, as a follow-up of this research, presents a long-range prediction in a model living room while moisture-conditioning material is arranged in order to control indoor humidity. In details, a coupled simulation based on the steady-state flow field is performed in which contribution ratio of indoor climate (CRI(C)) and contribution ratio of indoor Humidity (CRI(H)) are employed. Furthermore, the simulation results are compared with those of a previous uniform model and CFD transient analysis of indoor temperature and humidity in order to confirm the effectiveness of these approaches.
  • 渡邊 慎一, 堀越 哲美, 石井 仁, 宇野 勇治, 兼子 朋也, 冨田 明美
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 887-893
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The objective of this paper is to clarify the effect of wind velocities and wind directions on forced convective heat transfer coefficients for human body. A series of experiments using a standing thermal manikin was carried out under the combining conditions of wind velocities (0.09- 4.3m/s) and wind directions (0°, 45°, 90°, 135° and 180°). Nude and five clothing ensembles were tested. The results show that the whole-body forced convective heat transfer coefficients for clothing ensembles depend on wind directions. Correction coefficients with regards to wind directions for the whole-body forced convective heat transfer coefficients for clothed body were proposed.
  • バルコニーを有する居室の換気性状に関する研究(その1)
    河野 良坪, 加藤 信介, 大岡 龍三, 高橋 岳生, 黄 弘
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 895-902
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Natural ventilation through a door of balcony side can be defined as a type of single-sided ventilation. However airflow in the balcony may influence characteristics of room ventilation. Knowledge from previous studies, for example... , the prediction method of ventilation rate of single-sided rooms, cannot be applied to a room with a door connected to the balcony.
    In this study, rooms with openable balcony doors in apartment buildings are targeted, and the effect of balcony itself on the characteristics of room ventilation in crosswind are analyzed through wind tunnel experiment.
    As a result we can state that to open one balcony door at leeward side is more effective in terms of room ventilation than to open a balcony door at other positions. The depth of balcony has an effect on room ventilation in the case of opening one balcony door. If there are two balcony doors open, the effect is very small.
  • 市街地の風環境に関する研究(その1)
    卜 震, 加藤 信介, 石田 義洋, 黄 弘
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 903-910
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Exceedance probability analysis was often applied as an effective method for assessing local wind environment in a street canyon, in which the effects of wind from each direction are comprehensively taken into account. In this present study, a new method by means of exceedance probabilities was proposal, with the aim to evaluate the overall ventilation performance in specific spaces within the street canyon (evaluation space), based on two ventilation indices, local air change rate and average kinetic energy, instead of using the commonly adopted wind velocity. In this method, the ventilation indices are derived from CFD simulation for each azimuth before the calculation of exceedance probability. A three-dimensional dry-area model was used as an illustration of this method. Several key factors, including orientation of dry-area, geometrical configurations, as well as statistical wind data were further investigated with the calculated distributions of exceedance probabilities.
  • 達 晃一, 田辺 新一, 星野 邦広, 佐藤 勝二
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 911-916
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the improvement of the air quality of indoors, it is necessary to determine the kind and the concentration of the chemical substances that emit from building products and production parts. In this paper, the investigation of the following three items was executed.
    1. The background concentration and the background substances of three kinds of bags (PVF, FEP, ALF) were evaluated.
    2. A standard solution was dropped to the bag and the collection rate of each VOC substances was measured.
    3. The calculation of the Emission rate was tried by measuring VOC emitted from permeate tube using the Bag method.
    In these experiments we found that the background concentration of FEP was the lowest in three kinds of bags. It was confirmed that collection rate of DEHP was low. But Some VOCs such as toluene was a high collection rate. Moreover, emission rate from the bag method is steady from stirring it when sampling it.
  • 桐山 大蔵, 齋藤 輝幸, 小島 昌幸
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 917-922
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    We developed inter room fan ventilation system which transports indoor air mutually by small fan installed in the inner wall between rooms, and which is controlled according to the differences of specific enthalpy and CO2 concentration. The object of this study is to verify the improvement of indoor thermal environment by the application of this system. We installed this system into the model house and carried out the field study about temperature, humidity, and energy consumption etc. for nine months in 2005. The results are the following; 1) The ventilation route tend to be formed from LDK toward other rooms although it varied due to the seasons and the use of heating and cooling; 2) It was estimated that this system carried about 1-4 % of heating and cooling energy by transporting air between rooms; 3) We estimated temperature and humidity in non-heated room rose about 2-3°C and 0.6-1.2kg/kgDA by transporting air from heated room in winter.
  • 近藤 靖史, 小笠原 岳, 大木 泰祐, 有働 邦広
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 923-929
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mean air temperature in urban areas has risen due to a change of urban structure in a long term. High reflective paints can reduce a cooling load of buildings and can also improve the thermal environment in urban areas. In this paper, field measurements were carried out in a building where two areas of rooftop were finished with high reflective paint and ordinary paint. Then, the heat flux on the urban surface was calculated on the basis of heat budget equation with measured data, and the result was compared with the artificial heat release from buildings in 23 wards of Tokyo. The results of this paper show that high reflective paint is effective to resolve heat island problem. On the other hand, short wave radiation reflected at high reflective roofs may increase cooling load of neighbor buildings. In this paper, the coupled simulations of radiation and convection around buildings were conducted to estimate the influence of solar reflection at roofs on surrounding building walls. The results show that short wave radiation from high reflective roofs to neighbor building walls is much smaller than direct radiation from sun and sky to walls.
  • 川津 行弘, 横尾 昇剛, 岡 建雄, 石黒 秀理
    2008 年 73 巻 629 号 p. 931-938
    発行日: 2008/07/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to make clear the source on the energy consumption and CO2 emission associate with building construction. In this study, two case studies provide following results.
    1. The intensity of energy consumption and CO2 emission on the materials for building construction is decreasing from 1965 to 2000.
    2. The input amount of materials for building construction is increasing for 1965 to 2000.
    Therefore, the energy consumption and CO2 emission for building construction are not improving. To decrease the input amount is the effective way for improving the energy consumption and CO2 emission.
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