To characterize the physiological thermoregulatory responses to thermal stimuli in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries, we conducted a study in a total of 119 patients and a total of 154 students resting in a sitting position under the following conditions: room temperature of 19°C, 21°C, 23°C, 25°C, 27°C, 29°C, or 31°C, relative humidity of 30%, 50%, 80%, airflow of 0.15 m/s or less, and amount of clothing of 0.6 clo. As a result, the optimum temperature and relative humidity range for patients were assumed to be 24±1°C and 50% in the spring and autumn seasons.

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Equivalent exciting force of a large truck running on an asphalt road was calculated from the ground vibration records by employing the 3-dimentional hybrid model combining the thin layer and the finite element methods. The equivalent exciting force was compared with the dynamic inertia force of the truck's body. The analysis results showed that the ground vibration amplitude was not significantly affected by velocity of the running track, indicating that it is appropriate to assume a fixed exciting point for simulating ground vibrations. Furthermore, effect of coupling of 3(xyz)-components on the equivalent UD exciting force was so small that we could assume no-coupling for analysis of equivalent exciting force.

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If the albedo on the surface of a building is raised, it is expected that the effect of reducing the thermal load of a building, and also the depression effect of urban heat island phenomenon. If the retroreflectors are used in order to reflect solar radiation, it can reflect towards the incidence direction using the directivity of direct-beam solar radiation, therefore effective reflection may be able to expect. In order to evaluate the reflection performance to the direct-beam solar radiation, the optical properties of the retroreflectors are analyzed and the simple expressions which evaluates reflection performance are drawn. In this paper, the target retroreflectors are two sorts of a three-mirror type and a four-mirror type of corner reflectors.

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This paper investigates the Electromagnetic(EM) shielding effectiveness and proposes a method of predicting it in the case of employing slit-shaped joints between electrically conductive shielding material sheets or films in EM shield rooms. Slit-shaped joints have overlaps between adjacent conductive materials and are fastened by screws or similar means. The total slit length, fastener pitch, lap width, electrical conductivity of the two overlapping materials and openings that often need to be cut-out in the shielding materials (for the purpose of installing electrical or other utilities) are the factors that are expected to influence the shielding performance. The current investigations reveal that all of the above factors except the lap width give significant influence on the shielding performance.

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The distribution of indoor airflow velocity by cross ventilation is influenced by the regional climate conditions, and the location as well as the shape of the building. In this study, CVDHI_B, CVDHI_P and CVDHI_T of Cross Ventilation Degree Hours of Inside Area (CVDHI) are proposed. The CVDHI values of 2 cases to change the number and position of openings at 2 cities (Tokyo and Niigata) in Japan are calculated for the AIJ detached house model.
The results are as follows;
(1) The ratio of averaged CVDHI_P and CVDHI_B values is about 1: 20 in Tokyo and Niigata.
(2) The CVDHI values increases when an opening is placed on an opposite wall in a straight line, and placed at the corner of the room.

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This study aims to correct the widespread misconception in the Japanese housing market that solid woods emit no chemical-substances, though their emissions are significantly lower than those of industrial wooden materials. Small chamber tests were carried out to compare the formaldehyde (HCHO) emission rate of Japanese Cedar and that of industrial wooden materials. Conventionally, it was clarified that Japanese Cedar emitted less HCHO than the value of the best grade, as defined by the regulations for interior materials. However, the HCHO emission rates of 2 identical specimens under the same testing conditions were significantly different, with the drying temperature of the specimens considered as a primary factor for their preparation. Japanese Cedar and German Spruce were dried under 3 different conditions and examined in small chambers. The results show that the HCHO emission rate of different species is affected by the drying temperature and that solid wood dried at high temperatures emits more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than that dried at low temperatures.

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The necessity of research on the occupants' behavior has become more important due to the realization of its impact on the exergy consumption profiles within the built environment. In order to learn more about the occupants' behavior, an intensive study was conducted with the participation of a number of international students living in a dormitory in Tokyo. The behavioral patterns of 39 students were analyzed according to their usage of the air-conditioning units using the logit model. There is a certain relationship between mean outdoor air temperature and the percentage of air-conditioning usage, but there seems also a variety of behavioral patterns. The analysis showed that the preference of the control strategy of the thermal environment and the evaluation of its efficiency seem to have a highly significant correlation and that the occupants' climatic background has some influence on their behavior.

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ABSTRACT: This study examined the possibility of schedule air conditioning with a PAC air conditioner. As for this schedule air conditioning, driving stops were only a compressor every a certain uniformity, but always performed introduction of the outdoor air. Therefore I performed field experiment and questionary survey of the indoor thermal environment about three kinds of air conditioning setting temperature and four types of control schedules. The results showed that the indoor thermal environment improved slightly better when the schedule of air conditioning was set with repeated driving stop for interval for 15 minutes compared to general operation of air conditioning.
From the results of control schedule of operation air conditioning, it could be estimated the energy saving by comparison of electricity consumption of the PAC air conditioner.

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Detailed equations of combined heat and moisture transfer have been proposed to analyze temperature and humidity fluctuation of walls. They are, however, too complicated to apply to transient room temperature and heat load calculation of multiple zone buildings. Therefore, we proposed a simplified calculation method for sorption on walls. It is necessary to confirm the predictive accuracy of the indoor humidity when the simplified calculation method is applied. This paper describes that the indoor humidity fluctuation model applied the proposed calculation method, and the predictive accuracy of the model is confirmed by the comparison with the experiment. The experiment was carried out in the model house where the building materials to regulate an indoor humidity was set up. The measurement and calculation values were agreed and the effectiveness of the simplified calculation method was shown.

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Most solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are incorporated in building only for electricity supply. As the temperature of interior surface of the photovoltaic cells is increased to about 60°C, the air nearby is heated. If the PV cells are used as roof materials in the atrium space, the stack effect can also be expected, which will assisted the natural ventilation in the building. Here a roof system integrated with amorphous silicon PV cells is proposed in a model house. The air temperature stratification is measured by model experiment, as well as the air change rate by stack effect. Results show that the proposed roof system can turn 5% of solar radiation into electricity, and the other 5%-7% of the solar radiation can be discharged by natural ventilation. When the solar transmission of the solar roof is too strong, a curtain can prevent the room being overheated. In total, the proposed roof with an interior curtain can use about 10% of the solar irradiation by natural ventilation and electricity generation, while the room temperature is similar to that in the conventional room with insulated roof system.

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The authors studied possibility for introduction of a micro grid based on distributed electricity generation using scrap wood. In the micro grid two public facilities were supplied with electric power and thermal energy. Using scrap wood, 91-229 kW of electric power and 746-1,910 MJ/h of thermal energy could be generated which translates into a reduction of 651-909 t of CO₂ emissions per year. Using this micro grid, the scale of the generator was 112kW and the reduction in CO₂ emissions was 577.1 t of CO₂ emission per year.

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The objective of this study is to propose a prediction technique for cooling effect of dry mist, and present useful data for design / control of a dry mist system. In this paper, the cooling effect of dry mist system was verified by two dry mist systems there were actually introduced and operated. One of the verified systems is a dry mist system that was installed into the air corridor on the site Aichi Expo. A cooling effect of this one was evaluated by using the field measurement data during three months. Another one is a dry mist system introduced into N university campus. We found out that the cooling effect by dry mist evaporative is presented about 3 degree Celsius of air temperature reduce and about 15 %RH of relative humidity increase. In addition, the cooling effect of the dry mist system was simulated with a CFD analysis code that is Fluent Ver. 6.3. The reproducibility was confirmed, and the possibility of the performance prediction of the dry mist system was shown.

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An experiment has been carried out to measure indoor thermal environment and cooling energy consumption in RC construction apartment house by simulating occupants' thermal control with cross ventilation and air conditioner. The results are as follows:
(1) It is successful to simulate indoor temperature and humidity varied by heat and moisture generation due to occupants' lifestyle.
(2) Cross ventilation can reduce both cooling electric power consumption and air conditioner usage time. On the other hand, cooling set point change has impacts only on cooling electric power consumption.
(3)The estimation results of cooling electric power consumption from July to September based on the measurement results suppose that the reduction rate should be 34-58% by cross ventilation and 63-65% by cooling set point change.

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This paper describes the results of a literature survey and comparative analysis of unit energy consumption data in the commercial sector. First, we collected 59 documents, including survey reports by administrative agencies, research papers by individual researchers, estimates based on existing surveys, and energy supply statistics. Then, we compared the data and clarified the consistency and variation. To determine the factors causing the variation, we used a dataset on completed buildings, compiled by the Japan Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Association.

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