日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
73 巻, 634 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 小林 茂雄, 村中 美奈子
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1341-1346
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this research, people's sitting postures in various types of eating and drinking spaces were observed, and their characteristics and related factors were analyzed. The principle results are summarized as follows.
    1. More people tended to bend forward in fast-food restaurants, and more people tended to bend backward in izakaya (Japanese-style bars). Men tended to bend forward more than women in izakaya and restaurants, on the other hand, women tended to bend forward more than men in cafes.
    2. Younger people tended to bend forward in fast-food restaurants more than older people, and older people tended to bend forward in izakaya more than younger people.
    3. People in conversation tended to put their elbows on the tables more than people who were not talking, and people who were not eating tended to put their elbows on the tables more than people who were eating.
    4. People in bright spaces tended to bend forward more than people in dark spaces, and people in noisy spaces tended to put their elbows on the tables more than people in quiet spaces.
  • 武居 泰, 山田 聖治, 中井 正一
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1347-1354
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to predict the level of vibration and structure-borne sound of a building near the railway tracks, it is essential to investigate vibration propagation from the ground to the foundation of the building. In this paper, a study on the property of vibration propagation based on a silicone soil-pile interaction model test is described. In the tests, exciting points were set on the silicone soil surface, on a pile model and in a tunnel model, and we investigated the distribution of vibration in the silicon soil and the input loss from silicon soil to pile model in those exciting cases. Finally, we predicted the vibration propagation from the silicon soil to the pile model in the three exciting cases with a simple prediction method based on the dynamic-substructure method, and confirmed that the predicted results generally coincide with measurements.
  • 山田 千文, 高木 直樹
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1355-1360
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to research thermal environment in the heights of middle and high buildings, the observations of vertical air temperature were carried out at10 points in Nagano City for over one year.
    The authors obtained the following results;
    (1) In summer, high-rise air temperature are higher in daytime and lower in nighttime than that near the ground.
    (2) H-L (vertical difference of temperature) is larger in daytime than nighttime.
    (3) H-L in daytime is large on sunny days in early and high summer.
    (4) Sky view factor and H-L have a negative correlation in daytime. Therefore, in areas dense with buildings, difference between temperature near the ground and that high above the ground in daytime.
    Temperature in the heights of middle and high buildings differ from that near the ground, particularly in hot seasons and daytime.
  • 近藤 靖史, 長澤 康弘, 藤本 哲夫, 田坂 太一
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1361-1368
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The insulation materials are used to improve thermal performance of buildings and their performance should be kept in required value during building life time, however long term change of thermal conductivity is observed for most of insulation materials. It is well known that the thermal conductivity of insulation foams increases with time due to the emission of the blowing agents from the insulation foams and the transfer of the air into them.
    In this paper, the aging of thermal conductivity in various insulation foams is discussed with measured data and numerical analysis. Two kinds of accelerated test are conducted and the aging characteristics of various foams are examined. The estimation equations of thermal conductivity change of insulation foams are shown and applied to the measured materials. The effective diffusion coefficient of the blowing agents is obtained by comparing the simulation results and the measured value.
  • 昭和元年から16年発刊の設計計画関連単行本に見られる室内環境調節法・評価法の分析
    大西 一也, 堀越 哲美
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1369-1376
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the pre-war Showa era while flat shaped small and medium housing was established, the room environment became westernized and secured separation. On the other hand, hygiene of the home was given more importance and it is considered that passive methods were applied based on climatic design theory to improve ventilation within the home. Therefore, in our research, we categorically extracted interior design methods developed for pre-war Showa era climatic design theory from floor plan related books published from the start of the Showa era (1926) to the 16th year (1941). As a result, we categorically extracted 14 items of interior climate control methods and 10 indexes of analyses. Showa pre-war era passive methods of applied ingenuity content for flat shaped houses as seen in traditional private homes are quite a few, however it can be considered that a scientific approach was developed such as the setting of goal index standards for optimum conditions of interior climate control.
  • 富樫 英介, 田辺 新一
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1377-1382
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recent years, a great number of simulation programs for a HVAC system are developed with the increase of computational capacity. Some of them have a modular structure to improve flexibility and reusability. In this paper, abstract class of HVAC devices was developed to give modules greater independence. Using template method pattern and adopter pattern, new modules were easily added without compiling whole program such as numeric solvers or user interfaces. Three HVAC components written in different programming languages (namely, C#, C++, and Basic) were simultaneously solved. Components from HVACSIM+(J) and TRNSYS written in FORTRAN also worked effectively.
  • 住宅厨房と隣接するリビング空間の温熱・空気環境に関する研究(第2報)
    近藤 靖史, 阿部 有希子, 宮藤 章, 相澤 芳弘, 赤城 克斎
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1383-1390
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous paper, the relationship between position of air supply and thermal environment of house kitchens and adjacent living rooms was studied by experiments and airflow visualization tests under mild season condition. Experimental studies are necessary to examine the distributions of temperature and humidity in rooms, but they need lots of time and equipments. On the other hand, CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) simulation can predict indoor environment with less effort rather than experiments. In this research, CFD will be applied to study velocity and temperature distributions, and ventilation efficiency, when the agreement of the CFD results and the experimental ones is confirmed. In order to obtain good CFD results, thermal plume over a cooking pot and capture efficiency of an exhaust hood should be reproduced by the simulation. In this paper, CFD modeling of thermal plume is discussed firstly. It is shown that simulated result is agreed well when the measured velocity of thermal plume is given in CFD simulation. Secondly the CFD results are compared to the experimental ones in mild season and winter. It is supposed that only ventilation system works in mild season, and heating and ventilation system are operated in winter. The results show that CFD simulation is excellent method to study house kitchen ventilation as well as experiments.
  • 市街地の風環境に関する研究(その2)
    バディ モハメド, 加藤 信介, 石田 義洋, 黄 弘
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1391-1400
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present study aims to estimate the minimum requirements for residential houses from the air quality point of view. Three typical models of a high-density built-up area were considered and numerical simulations were carried out in order to examine the effects of the geometry of such models on wind flow characteristics, which in turn affect the air quality, within the pedestrian domain of a street located within this area. The calculated flow fields were employed to estimate local air change rates which were used to compute the probability of exceeding the local air change rate which is calculated at the reference conditions of the considered location. The present study has been applied on the most famous 9 cities in Japan: Sapporo, Sendai, Niigata, Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, and Fukuoka based on their mean wind velocity data. The results demonstrated that the exceedance probability analysis of the pedestrian wind environment is very useful in the evaluation of pollutants removal efficiency by the applied wind. Also, the calculated probabilities showed large dependency on both the geometry of building arrays and the wind conditions of the 9 cities.
  • ごみのリサイクルと分別を考慮した事務所建物のごみ集積所に関する調査研究(その1)
    西川 豊宏, 大橋 一正, 関 五郎
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1401-1406
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study proposes a planning method for office building waste collection points that promotes recycling. We examined municipality bylaws, conducted interviews and processed questionnaires and learned the following:
    1. Municipalities have their own bylaws regarding office building collection points and provide waste separation and recycling guidance.
    2. A trial method for estimating office building waste collection point sizes revealed differences between municipalities.
    3. Offices and shops had nearly equivalent storage space for solid waste, but recyclable storage areas varied between offices, restaurants and shops.
    When planning waste collection points it is important to ensure sufficient storage space for current storage needs while considering future recyclable waste separation and storage requirements.
  • 井原 智彦, 玄地 裕
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1407-1415
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    We developed an environmental impact assessment model of urban heat islands (UHI) based on the endpoint-type life cycle impact assessment methodology to evaluate various environmental impacts with single index. The relationships of thermal/cold stress (including hyperthermia) and energy consumption with air temperature were quantified within the developed model. The environmental impacts by the increase in air temperature in Tokyo were evaluated. The results showed that the benefit by the reduction in cold stress by UHI exceeded other impacts. The introduction of UHI countermeasures which reduce air temperature throughout the year makes adverse effects on our society.
  • 足永 靖信, 平野 洪賓
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1417-1423
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Abstract: The geometric information of cities is indispensable in various areas of urban studies. In this paper, authors report the result of creating the meshed geometry data of Tokyo metropolitan from Detailed Digital Information (10m Grid Land Use), National Population Census, and Establishment and Enterprise Census by simple regression, multiple linear regression analysis, and neural network. The neural network showed finest performance among three methods, its estimating accuracy may reach 0.6 (R2, coefficient of determination) in all evaluated items in the case that whole targets are used as training signal. To check the general versatility of neural networks, Maharanobis distance was usd to evaluate the similarity of cities, and it was found that neural network is capable of high presition when the Maharanobis distance is under 15.
  • 三浦 克弘, 相楽 典泰
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1425-1433
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Thermal storage in building mass for cooling, which stores thermal energy in building thermal mass, has been reported to bring changes in indoor thermal environment such as the improvement of radiative environment and the ascent of humidity. The field measurement in a building in Tokyo showed that the tendency of the humidity ascent. Several cases of simulation are conducted to study the effect of the storage hours on the degree of the ascent. The study shows that the more the humidity ascent is, the longer the storage hours are. Countermeasures are necessary to keep good thermal environment and to meet the legal regulation in Japan. The effect of two measures is compared: 1. decrease of the minimum air flow rate of variable air volume system, 2. independent treatment of outdoor air. The former might bring the humidity ascent when the indoor thermal load is small. Control parameters of AHU for outdoor air should be set appropriately for the latter.
  • 在来木造戸建住宅のLCCO2評価に関する研究 その1
    高村 秀紀, 浅野 良晴
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1435-1441
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    CO2emissions from the construction and use of houses have been increasing. In order to promote the reduction of CO2 , it is necessary to know the exact amount of CO2 emissions from houses. First, the authors measured the exact weight of the construction materials and waste. Next, the authors researched the inhabitants' daily schedule and measured the energy consumption from using the house . The following results were obtained.
    1) The authors discovered the relationship between the energy consumption and the inhabitants' daily schedule.
    2) The amount of electricity consumed was 30.6GJ/year for the first year and 28.9GJ/year for the second year.
    3) The amount of CO2 emissions from both the construction and two years use of the house was 389.07kg-CO2/m2.
    4) The authors recalculated the amount of CO2 emissions into the amount of CO2 emissions per area of ceiling, floor and outer wall to discover the relationship between CO2 emissions from the construction and CO2emissions from use of the house.
  • 橋本 剛, 堀越 哲美
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1443-1449
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of the sea breeze blowing over the Horikawa Canal on the urban climate in Nagoya. In summer of 2004, climatic conditions were observed at 10 fixed points along the canal. On July 23 and 26, the sea breeze was observed along the Horikawa Canal up to 9km from the sea. Two kinds of blowing-up sea breeze were observed. On July 23, it takes about 4 or 5 hours that sea breeze blew up along the canal to the north area of the city. At that time, it takes about 1 hour that the sea breeze blew up to the north area of the city in the sky. On July 26, it takes about 2 hours that the sea breeze blew up along the canal to the center of the city. At that time, it takes about 3 hours that the sea breeze blew up to the north area of the city in the sky. Each breeze affects the different effect of the sea breeze on the heat island in Nagoya.
  • 王 岩, 吉野 泰子, 熊谷 一清, 高橋 深雪, 関口 克明
    2008 年 73 巻 634 号 p. 1451-1455
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper describes the actual conditions of thermal environment when silkworm is breeding, and the air quality such as CO2, CO, VOC, carbonyl compound whose hearth is used. In addition to those factors ventilation rate in each part of the traditional house corresponding to sericulture are found out in Setagaya Ward Jidaiyubori Park. Moreover, the ventilation performance in back of the ceiling and the monitor roof is investigated. The mechanism of thermal conditions, IAQ and ventilation rate was clarified in this paper for the first time using the three-dimensional heat fluid simulation software.
feedback
Top