In order to study the acoustical problem in open-plan type schools, the relationship between space planning and sound environment was investigated for three open-plan type elementary schools. Acoustical conditions of classrooms were measured by sound propagation property between classrooms and sound level during class activities. Besides, questionnaire survey on teachers and children and inquiring survey on teachers were performed. From the results, it was confirmed that the lack of acoustical design worsens the sound environment of classrooms and induces the restriction of space use.

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In this paper, we study the predicted floor impact sound level by finite element method. At first, we study the influence of the partition on the slab vibration in addition to the impedance characteristic of the partition.Following this, the influence on the slab vibration characteristic is shown by the construction of the partition.In addition, it is shown that the model employed in this experiment is more effective than the board unit based on the impedance characteristic of the partition.Finally, the difference between the partition groundwork specification and the space size forces the examination of the influence on the vibration characteristic and the space sound pressure.Following this, it is shown that the influence of the sound radiation of the partition is minimal in the evaluation frequency of the floor impact sound insulation.

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Thermal performance of insulation materials decreases with the passage of time. Such ageing of insulations should be considered in the design stage of buildings to keep insulation performance within the required one throughout the lifecycle of buildings. Firstly, this paper focused various factors that affect performances of insulations. The main factors for fiber insulations are moisture, vibration and microbe. The main factor for plastic insulation foams is ambient temperature that accelerates the diffusion of blowing agent. Secondly, real performances of sold new insulations and scraped old ones were measured and compared the required value by Japanese standard. Performances of some insulations were lower than standard values and performance change was detected. Finally, this paper discussed the influence of vibration on performance for fiber insulations based on the experimental data. The changes of insulation depth and thermal resistances were observed after the vibration test.

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In this paper, the effect of retroreflective materials reducing the absorption of solar radiation in urban area are evaluated. The directional characteristics of reflection from glass beads with retroreflective properties are clarified using numerical simulation. Solar reflectances on two-dimensional urban canyon, as various building wall reflective characteristics and canyon aspect ratio, are estimated. The results show that glass beads have unique retroreflective properties and the retroreflective properties increase solar reflectance on urban canyon effectively. The effect is different in solar incident angle and canyon aspect ratio.

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It is well known that some porous materials used as building walls show hysteresis in ad/desorption sorption isotherms. Some materials similarly show hysteresis in moisture conductivity. Sorption isotherm and moisture conductivity have an effect on heat and moisture transfer in materials, But there is little information available on the degree of the influence of hysteresis, especially that of moisture conductivity. In this study, we clarified the effect of hysteresis of sorption isotherm and moisture conductivity on heat and moisture behavior in ALC using the simultaneous heat and moisture transport equations and the independent domain theory for the experiment of repeat both condensation and evaporation process.

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Field survey and questionnaire survey was made to a building with manually operated natural ventilation system, to investigate the optimum way to operate the system. From the field survey, amount of ventilation air volume was measured, and it was known that in day time, air was getting out of the noon, and in night air was getting in to the noon from bottom of the window, and getting out from the top. It was known that the frequency of the window operation was low. Although, from the questionnaire survey, it was known that the office workers were well willing the way of manually operating. Furthermore, it was indicated that the factor of the window opening is related to outdoor temperature and time. Also by factor analyzing the reason of opening and closing the window, it was known that the psychological reasons are similarly important as physiological reasons.

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This paper presents the investigation of the prediction models for snowdrift around a building using CFD. Special attention is paid to prediction accuracy of the modeling for erosion and accumulation on snow surface. The computations are applied to the snowdrift around a cubic building model. The results obtained by CFD models are examined by the comparison with the results of the field measurement and the wind tunnel experiment. It is confirmed that the snowdrift patterns predicted by all proposed models correspond with those of the field measurement and the experiment. However, some differences are observed in the predicted snow depth near the building among the different modeling methods.

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Residential co-generation systems have been introduced around Japan recently, and expected to diffuse more and more. During the process of boosting the adoption of residential co-generation systems, both manufacturers and customers are interested to know the optimal capacity of power generator for the unit, and once the unit has been installed, what dispatch strategy to use in order to minimize a customer.s cost of meeting its electricity and heat requirements.
In this paper, a mixed integer nonlinear programming model has been developed. The objective is to minimize annual cost of the energy system for a given residential customer equipped with the co-generation plant, combining with a storage tank and a back-up boiler. The model reports the optimal co-generation systems capacities that customers could employ given their electricity and thermal requirements.
Using this model, an investigation was conducted of economically optimal co-generation investment for a prototypical residential building. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was elaborated in order to show how the optimal solutions would vary due to changes of some key parameters. In addition, as a main component of residential co-generation systems, the optimal size of the storage tank was analyzed.

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To promote ventilation in the street canyon is one of the effective heat island measures. Some large cities in Japan are located in the coastal area, so it is thought that the benefit of air temperature reduction is provided by strong sea breeze in those cities. The analysis on air temperature reduction by sea breeze is carried out based on upper weather data, which is observed by the sensors set on the 4 steel towers in Osaka area. The observation height of upper weather data are from 42 to 84 m. The actual condition of land and sea breezes, the difference of air temperature and wind velocity between on the neighborhood of shore and the inland, air temperature difference between upper and ground level and the diurnal change of air temperature and wind velocity are considered based on observed data in summer season.

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The reuse system mentioned in this paper is an overall system for realizing a reuse business in a series of cyclic process in a reuse flow, namely, design, fabrication, construction, maintenance, dismantling, and storage. Here, we take up Rolled H-section steels. It is easy to handle them as reusable members because of manufactured in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard. Structural members obtained by a reuse dismantling are evaluated by dimensional inspection, mechanical property test, chemical component test, degradation test. We propose guideline of reusable members of building steel structures based on performance evaluation and evaluate it, applying reusable members obtained by reuse dismantling of low storied steel structure to sustainable structure in fabrication and erection test.

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