This research aims to examine the status of the wind around a high-rise building. The flow structure and the properties of the flow velocity were analyzed by using the flow visualization techniques and PIV for a plane, side and streamwise views of the flow. The results of the analysis show that a horseshoe vortex larger than usual ones is formed in front of an object because of the existence of a high-rise building and that a mushroom type vortex different and stronger than usual ones is always formed in the wake region. It has been clarified that vortices of these two kinds are distinct causes that make the wind flow fairly fast.

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This study examined the influence of the occupants' eyes position and the installed lighting equipment position on the suitable illuminance. In the experiment, seven subjects adjusted the suitable illuminance for relaxation. By using the experimental result, authors examined two problems:1) to investigate the point where occupants looked when they adjusted illuminance; 2) to propose the method for estimating the illuminance. The main results were followings:
1) When the occupants adjusted illuminance, they looked positions where was mainly the lighting equipment, the surrounding it and the extreme bright/dark point made by light reflection, regardless of the eyes position.
2) The suitable lluminance of the bracket at wall was not so difference in any eyes position and installed lighting equipment position in this experimental condition.
3) The suitable illuminance could be estimated by the profile angle, even if the eyes position and the installed lighting equipment position changed, The profile angle was defined as an angle where the direction from the eyes position to the lighting equipment position intersected with the direction of the front of the occupants.

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It is indispensable to understand the adaptation luminance which provides for the visual sensitivity when the visibility is discussed. For the visual field with uniform luminance distribution, the luminance of the visual field becomes the adaptation luminance. On the other hand, for the visual field with complex luminance distribution, the determination method of adaptation luminance from the luminance distribution of the visual field has not been established yet. In this research, it was tried to determine the adaptation luminance for the visual field with complex luminance distribution by the following process. First, we specified the conditions of a visual object which became a visual threshold in the actual space. And next, we found the luminance of the visual field on which a visual object with the same conditions became the visual threshold in the visual field with uniform luminance distribution.

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The ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems have been recommended and applied as a countermeasure against the spread of infectious diseases such as H5N1 influenza and tuberculosis mostly in North America and Europe. In this study, the UV rate constants which mean how easily microbes could be killed by UV were experimentally identified. Then, the germicidal efficiencies of in duct (ID)-UVGI systems were evaluated by calculating the UV intensity distributions on the surfaces of drain plats and cooling coils using the sophisticated ray-tracing code, RADIANCE. And the air disinfection efficiencies of ID-UVGI systems were also evaluated by calculating the spatial UV intensities in the air handling unit. The results showed that the microbes on the surfaces could be eliminated up to 99% with less than 2 hours' UV radiation. However, the fungi in the air passing through air handling units were estimated not disinfected well, as the UV rate constants of fungi are low and the residence time is too short. The validation of RADIANCE showed good agreement with measurement, but the UVC sensors need cosine calibration with 254nm, the main wavelength of germicid al lamps.

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The authors installed a saving water washing machine, a dishwasher, a saving water shower, a saving water toilet stool in six detached house, and investigated the change of each supplied waters.As a result, I knew the following.
1. A saving water effect was the highest a washing machine in saving water equipments, and a supplied water reduced 60% in comparison with the conventional washing machine. The saving water toilet stool was setting only to three detached house next, but it was reduction of 20%in comparison with the toilet stool conventionally.
2. The total supplied waters before installing saving water equipments was about 250L•person^-1•day^-1, but came by reduction on about 200L•person^-1•day^-1 and 50L•person^-1•day^-1 after having installed saving water machinery.
3. However,the saving water effect of the dishwasher and the shower were restrictive.

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The log file of the central supervisory system during the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake disaster was examined from the viewpoint of information management during the period of crisis. When various abnormal conditions arise within buildings, various warnings are issued simultaneously, which may confuse those handling the situation. In addition, some information may be lost during the process of information collection. It was also suggested that the actual time of occurrence of an event subject to warning and the time stamp of the warning information may not match in systems performing time management when the information reaches the central supervisory system.

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In this study, we created a past thermal environment-related database around Kinki region and reproduced and evaluated past urban thermal environment. Comparing that calculation result with statistics, observed value or present situation calculation result established accuracy of reproduction. In addition, about land use and anthropogenic waste heat data as sources to affect urban thermal environment, we calculated with only one factor past to identify effective factor on temperature rise from past to present in an axis of time and space. Land use totally makes an impact, in urban areas, most affective sectors are transportation at daytime and residential and commercial at night.

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This report is based on the research of the influence of land cover change on the city climate using remote sensing data. Data from two periods with a fifteen year interval was analyzed. The land cover classification of a plot of land 600m by 600m was analyzed at 225 weather stations. At 145 of the 225 points, there was no change in land cover. At the 80 points experiencing the greatest change, land cover tended to urbanize.As for the un-changed points, the average temperature inclination was 0.052 degrees Celsius per year, and at urbanized points, the average temperature inclination was 0.067 degrees Celsius per year. The relation between temperature inclination and urbanized index UI and normalized vegetation index NDVI was also analyzed. There is correlation with temperature inclination and UI and NDVI.

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Temperature spatial variability in an urbanized area, 1.5km square, near the center of Osaka city was observed in summer 2008. Temperature data were collected by observation stations located in 10 parks and by a vehicle equipped with a mobile measurement system. As a result of geostatistical analysis using semivariogram, spatial dependence of temperature in the daytime, when wind from Osaka bay, is higher than at other times. This means that correlation between temperature data collected at adjacent points while there was sea breeze was higher than at times without a sea breeze. Spatial representation of the temperature data on the day with a sea breeze was 100m in the daytime and 200m in the early morning.

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Building façades have a critical role in creating urban landscape, can be effectively used to reduce energy and its impact on the environment and incorporate structural seismic resisting elements in the perimeter zone. To satisfy these requirements the authors propose an integrated façade concept to incorporate architectural, façade and environmental design requirements. In Europe remarkable façade engineering development has taken place over the last two decades resulting in elegant facades and a reduction in environmental impact but needs development in Japan to take account of the different environmental climates. To satisfy these requirements this paper proposes the use of a diagonally arranged louver system. In many cases louvers are not installed because of the restricted view and darkness created in the building interior. To overcome these problems a full scale diagonal louver mock up was created to evaluate illumination levels and the quality of the internal environment and external appearance. The mock up was used to measure illumination levels and correlated with results form a lighting analysis tool.

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