This study intends to set a habitability grade based on residents' consciousness on a performance assessment of horizontal vibration of building. A sensory test was conducted with forty subjects to investigate the relationship between habitability grade and physical quantity of horizontal vibration. A feature of this study is to bring out subjects' consciousness of habitability grade using a questionnaire before and after the test.
Results of the sensory test and the consciousness survey show physical quantity of each grade vibration. The validity of this habitability grade is verified based on a relationship with performance level of actual buildings to wind-induced vibration.
This study determines specific meanings of habitability grade of horizontal vibration based on residents' consciousness, such as a standard level and a request level of a majority of people.

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Indoor thermal comfort and energy consumption during summer season are greatly influenced by the radiant heat from windows as well as walls and ceilings. The objective of this report is to compare the surface temperatures of the second floor room of the two test houses, one with sunshading techniques and the other without them, and to verify the proposed calculation method by comparing calculated indoor surface temperatures with measurements. The following results were obtained.
(1) The surface temperatures of the test house with sunshading techniques were lower than those of the test house without sunshading techniques during summer, while as the same level as them during winter.
(2) The calculated surface temperatures well agreed with the measurements.

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The thermal storage characteristics of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) was investigated by experimental measurements and simulations with three mutually separated rooms having AAC, plywood (PW), and reinforced concrete (RC). The comparison with the experimental results and the simulation results showed that the indoor thermal behavior of AAC room changed depending on the water content by weight of AAC panels. In the case of the AAC panels in an air-dried state, the room temperature and the floor surface temperature in the AAC room were generally intermediate between those of PW and RC rooms. Also, the AAC room's cooling load with intermittent air conditioning was intermediate between that of the other two rooms.

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This study examined the natural ventilation performance of a turbine ventilator used for the attic or the room ventilation in South-east Asian houses by the experiment. The turbine ventilator began to rotate by the outdoor wind velocity more than 0.7m/s, and the ventilation rate increased with outdoor wind velocity, but the countercurrent was observed from the turbine ventilator to the ventilation object space when the outdoor wind velocity was under 0.7m/s or the turbine ventilator was fixed. If the opening size of ventilation object space became big, the ventilation rate increased with outdoor wind velocity, but the ventilation rate did not increase even if outdoor wind velocity increased when it was more than a certain size. When the turbine ventilator was separated from an obstacle more than 1.7m, it did not affect ventilation rate regardless of the position of the obstacle.

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Since 2006, we have been measuring irradiation, spectral irradiance, and other meteorological data for Bangkok, Thailand. This report describes two research results were obtained through research using those meteorological data. The first study was intended to find a method for presuming the amount of global solar radiation of the slope, tilted south by 14°, that can be expected to yield the maximum global irradiance in metropolitan Bangkok. First, we examined six previously reported models to separate horizontal global irradiance into direct and diffusion elements. Four other models were examined to estimate irradiance on tilted surfaces by direct and diffusion elements. The surface was tilted at a 14° angle to the south. The prediction accuracy of the combination of two models was evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE) values. Results showed the most appropriate combination of those models: a combination of U, W, and Z models with the isotropic sky irradiance model yielded the smallest RMSE value. The second investigation developed a method to estimate spectral irradiance using global irradiation values. Theoretically, distribution of the solar spectrum irradiance is determined by various factors such as airmass, atmospheric pressure, water vapor, solar altitude, turbidity of atmosphere, and the earth's albedo. For variables in this study, we used amounts of the horizontal global irradiation, airmass, rainfall, and precipitable water processed with the sigmoid function. We developed a method for estimating the amount of global irradiance on the tilted surface under optimum condition, and developed a precise estimation method for spectrum irradiance on a horizontal plane for metropolitan Bangkok.

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In this paper, the influence of combination of the introduction method of wind-forced ventilation and the supply method of conditioned air on the indoor thermal environment and airflow characteristics are examined by means of CFD calculation. In CFD, two types of supply location of the air conditioned by AHU were set : (1) supply from ceiling, (2) supply from floor, and four locations of outdoor air intake for wind-forced ventilation were set ; (1) ceiling, (2) high position of outer wall close to ceiling, (3) low position of outer wall close to floor and (4) floor. From the calculated data, indoor environment and energy efficiency were evaluated by the distribution of air temperature, contribution ratio of indoor climate No.3 (CRI3) and CO₂ concentration emitted from occupants.

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In previous paper, two types of displacement ventilation were investigated by computational fluid dynamics (hereafter CFD) simulations and experiments.
This paper presents thermal environment and ventilation performance of a full scale mock-up kitchen model with two types of ventilation systems. i.e. the displacement ventilation with ceiling supply outlet and the conventional HVAC system with VHS and punkah louver. In the experiments, these ventilation systems were compared in order to evaluate air temperature and contaminant concentration distributions in the kitchen. In the CFD simulations, the positions of supply opening of displacement ventilation were studied. Three types of commercial kitchens were simulated by CFD simulation, i.e. kitchens for European restaurant, Japanese one and Chinese one were modeled.
In addition, indexes of ventilation efficiency e.g. Direct Capture Efficiency (hereafter DCE) and Effective Ventilated Volume (hereafter EVV) were calculated on the basis of the CFD results.

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There have been used various scales for the sensory evaluation of odor. Psychological distance between each word of the scale has not been investigated in detail, in spite of fundamental matter of measurement. In this paper, firstly, psychological distance evaluated by elder subjects is compared with that by younger subjects. Secondly, psychological distance derived from odor sensory evaluation experiment is made clear by new proposed method which is based on Weber-Fechner's law, and compared with the distance without sniffing odor. Three methods of presentating scale to subjects are also compared; a scale arranged in random, a scale arranged in fixed odor and a scale accompanied with number.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to determine the fraction of ionized volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using the non-equilibrium surface adsorption onto an aluminum (Al) witness surface under various electric fields. The new principle was proposed to sample the ionized compounds effectively. As test compounds, low-molecular-weight cyclo-dimethyl-siloxanes(LMCSs) were selected. The authors attempted to sample ionized VOC molecules (especially high molecular weight ones) using the witness plate under an applied electric field. For the first step of this study, exposure experiment was conducted to characterize the surface adsorption onto the witness plate and to determine the suitable exposure time for the non-equilibrium surface adsorption. For the main experiment to investigate the possibility of the ionized VOC sampling, the chamber experiments were conducted under a voltage with different polarities to the witness plate and the exposure of the witness plate to test VOC vapor including ionized species generated by a corona-discharge ionizer. This obtained results showed that there were significant differences in the adsorbed amount of test VOCs between the inverse polarity, same polarity and the neutral. Consequently, these results demonstrated that the possibility to determine the ionized fraction of high-molecular-weight VOCs in indoor environment where the ionizer operates.

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The concentration of airborne cedar pollen particles and the level of cedar pollen allergen (Cry j1) were measured in 2-Japanese private houses. The samples were collected with gravitational settlement method and also with as 8stage-type Andersen sampler.
During March through the beginning of April, the concentration of cedar pollen was 1.5-3.6grains/m³ in 2005, and 0.2-0.5grains/m³ in 2006. The allergen (cry j1) concentration was 15.9-23.2pg/m³ in 2005, and bellow 1.5-2.2pg/m³ in 2006.
The intrusion rate of cedar pollen to private house indoor was estimated as 0.5%, calculating as ratio of indoor value/outdoor value.
It was calculated that each ordinary indoor cedar pollen particle was corresponded to 6 pg of Cry j1 respectively.

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Various researches highlight that indoor air quality affects performance of workers in offices. Although good indoor air quality improves work performance, it also increases energy consumption. In this study, we achieved a field survey in a real office in order to investigate the relationship between thermal environment, productivity, and energy consumption. In addition to the monitoring of indoor environmental quality and energy consumption, subjective experiments were conducted. In order to evaluate subjective performance, workers and students responded to questionnaires, and to evaluate objective performance, students simulated three types of office works. By calculating room temperature and worker's subjective performance, we demonstrate the correlation between room temperature and worker's performance (R²=0.22, p<0.01). Results show that the room temperature that maximizes worker's performance was 25.7°C.

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This paper presents actual performance of the solar shielding blinds and films that can be easily installed to not only the new-built but also the existing building. Spectral reflectivity and transmissivity are measured that includes the range of the solar radiation, and actual performance of the solar shading, effect of the thermal environment and characteristics of the transmit daylight are also investigated. Finally, effect of the energy conservation in the office building is verified by the annual heat load simulation based on the actual measurement.

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We derive a subgrid scale (SGS) kinetic energy equation of an urban canopy model by employing the concept used in the immersed boundary method. The spatial averaging operation used in the derivation is equivalent to the conventional filtering operation used in large-eddy simulations (LES). The derived SGS kinetic energy equation has a term concerning the drag force of buildings (external-force term), in addition to the terms of conventional SGS kinetic energy equation. Furthermore, by using the results of a LES of the flow around a regular array of cubical blocks with a grid resolution sufficient to resolve the blocks, we investigate the budget for the time-mean SGS kinetic energy equation. As a result, we confirm that local equilibrium between production term and dissipation term of SGS kinetic energy is not satisfied in the canopy of the cubical blocks; contributions to the gain or loss of SGS kinetic energy from the external-force and dispersion terms are also prominent. The external-force term contributes to the gain of SGS kinetic energy in the most part of the canopy.

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In this study, the information about buildings in the residential area for the Edo townsmen was gathered from previous studies and historical materials, to reproduce the summer thermal environment. Firstly, the information, which was necessary to evaluate the thermal environment using the numerical simulation, was identified. Secondly, the information about site planning, spatial geometry and material was reproduced from previous studies and historical materials, which had been examined in terms of the validity. Finally, after specifying the target site, 3D-CAD model and material database was made, based on the information.

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