The purpose of this study is to discern the actions of daily life and their relationship to environmental conditions in the LDK space of a house. The results were as follows; According to factor analysis, daily actions can be explained with three factors: “Relaxation and Concentration”, “Working” and “Folding of laundry”. Evaluation of “Relaxation and Concentration” and “Folding of laundry” factors are influenced by the change of thermal environment relative to a given season. Evaluation of “Working” factor is affected primarily by the relative characteristic of respective places and its thermal environment. When an air conditioner is used, evaluation of the act of the first factor “Relaxation and concentration” was heightened in living room sofa and dining chair, regardless of the season. As natural ventilation in summer and solar radiation in winter are a given in indoor settings, evaluation at living room floor or stairs might hold added value.

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The authors performed a field measurement on the turbulent characteristics of an urban canopy layer over a cubical array using numerous fine thermocouples and nine ultra sonic anemometers. The time and spatially fluctuations of air temperature were discussed comparing the instantaneous velocity under the unstable condition. The result clearly showed that the passage of the microfront of temperature above the canopy, which are correlate the sweep and ejection motions due to a turbulent organized structure (TOS) developed within an inertial sublayer, in contrast, the temperature fluctuation below the canopy height is less sensitive to the TOB.

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The methanol fuel cell is expected to be put to practical use soon in such devices as mobile phones. There is a possibility that pollutant gas could leak into the breathing zone of a person carrying such a device, even though the amount of the gas would probably be small. In the present study, the characteristics of diffusion from personal belongings are studied by means of a wind-tunnel experiment including a thermal manikin and uniform environmental wind. The results indicated that the gradient of pollutant concentration can be quite large in the vicinity of the source, and can extend to a distance of several times the hydraulic diameter of the area source. The form and direction of the phone had an impact on the concentration upstream and the impact decayed downstream.

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Nowadays, reverse simulation seems a promising topic for environment research. Mathematically, a reverse simulation is the solution of a transport equation in negative time. The process of a transport equation is equivalent to that of positive time with negative convection and diffusion. However, there is a numerical instability problem with solving the diffusion term. This research introduces a method to improve numerical stability in reverse simulation by applying a low-pass filter. This is a Gaussian filter that is well established in LES, with a free-slip boundary condition for filter operation. Two examples are given in this paper. In the first, a simple planar wind flow is considered and pollutant is emitted uniformly over time. In the second example, a wind flow around a single building is considered.

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This study evaluates the impact of the vacant lots on the outdoor thermal environment and building heat load in the summer in an historical urban district using the 3D CAD-based thermal environment simulator. In this study, The spatial geometry and material data in 1979 and 2009 are collected and the 3D CAD model of the site scaled 1:500 is completed. As a result of numerical simulation, Heat Island Potential, which is the evaluation index of the sensible heat flux to the atmosphere, of the site where the adjacent site became vacant lots in 2009 is 20°C at a maximum higher than that in 1979. Furthermore, the heat loads of the buildings adjacent to vacant lots is about 1.2-1.4 times as large as that of other buildings that have the equivalent total floor area and heat insulation capacity. Therefore, the increase of the vacant lots affects the changes of the outdoor thermal environment in the site and the heat load of the buildings adjacent to the vacant lots.

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The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of a series of windbreaks on the microclimate in a settlement. Horage settlement is located in Tsukuba City where the seasonal cold wind called“Tsukuba-Oroshi”blows in winter, and that settlement is surrounded with windbreaks. Field observations of air temperature, humidity, wind direction and velocity were conducted in winter of 2006 and 2007. The protecting effect of windbreaks against the seasonal prevailing wind was observed clearly in the daytime when the strong wind blew in the observation area. Wind velocity in the built-up area was decreased with about 45% of that in the outside of the settlement. The heat island appeared clearly in the early morning and at night when the wind was weak or calm. Daily ranges of air temperature were small in the northeast area covered with dense windbreak woods.

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Toward low-carbon society, much higher use of renewable energy and unused energy should be promoted. For this purpose, area-wide energy utilization is expected to play an important role in commercial and residential sectors. Along with the compact city policy, area-wide energy utilization in rather wide scale such as in a community and in a city should be strategically planned and implemented. Among various carbon reduction measures, those of higher reduction potential and higher cost-benefit ratio should be prioritized. This paper describes an appropriate way of determining the priority by use of marginal abatement cost (MAC), taking the following viewpoints into consideration.;
1) Setting payback-periods based on functional lifetime of each reduction measure
2) Qualifying non-energy benefits (NEB) to be deducted from the MAC of each reduction measure
A case study for a community-scale energy utilization by use of incineration waste heat is undertaken to validate the above concept.

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The reuse system mentioned in this paper is an overall system for realizing a reuse business in a cyclic process of design, fabrication, construction, maintenance, dismantling, and storage. The reuse system mainly aims at reusing building steel structures that have already constructed. On the other hand, the sustainable building structure aims at reusing new building steel structures in the future. This structure is one form of a damage-controlled structure. Clearly separating the main structure from seismic energy absorption members keeps the main frame within the elastic range, and the seismic energy absorption members can collectively absorb the seismic energy force. The continued use of the main structure is possible by replacing only earthquake-damaged braces where necessary; reusing structural members is also possible.
In this paper, the authors verify that the sustainable building structure is suitable for reusing structural members through trial construction. Then, easiness of erection and dismantling of sustainable building structure is evaluated.

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