日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
76 巻, 668 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1~13を表示しています
  • 岡田 尚子, 長谷見 雄二, 森山 修治, 岡本 衣未
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 855-862
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    A series of on-site experiments are conducted on the upward evacuation by escalator of groups of 50 subjects including 12 simulated aged people. Two escalators, 49.5m long and 22m tall one, and 12.3m long and 5.7m tall one with parallel stairs in a large convention facility in downtown Tokyo, were used. The experiments revealed the following.
    1. Upward walking velocity on a still escalator, 0.78-0.79m/s for normal subjects, is nearly identical with that on normal stairs.
    2. Upward walking velocity on an escalator running at 0.50m/s is reduced by 5-10% from that on a still escalator.
    3. Upward walking velocity is virtually independent from the distance from the entrance within the range of 22m in height for normal and simulated aged pedestrians in spite of the height and length of each step significantly larger than those of stairs.
    4. Effective flow coefficient at the entrance is around 1.15 persons/ms for a still escalator and 1.78p/ms for a one running at 0.50m/s.
    5. The effective flow coefficient at the entrance of an escalator is reduced by the increase of the escalator length for the local congestions generally seen in long escalators.
  • 岡本 衣未, 長谷見 雄二, 森山 修治, 岡田 尚子
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 863-870
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Response of pedestrians to the sudden stopping and restarting of an escalator is tested for the safe operation of escalators for evacuation in emergency in view of the recent significant popularization of escalators in underground facilities and traffic buildings. Two series of experiments are conducted, one with solo pedestrian on an escalator and another with a group of 12 pedestrians. The principal experimental parameters are upward and downward operations, time to and from steady-state velocity (current standard and slower), loading conditions(bags, baby). The pedestrians' responses are indicated by the visual observation of the pedestrians and by the questionnaires just after each test. The result of the experiments suggests general acceptability of the stopping of escalator by the current standard operation only for still pedestrians with hand on the handrail. For pedestrians with bags on both hands or with a baby, the stopping and the restarting of escalator should be slowed down to achieve safety equivalent with the stopping by the current standard operation for pedestrians with hand on the handrail. The tests also indicate fear of a pedestrian notably larger in a crowd than in a solo waling condition.
  • 水上 点晴, 田中 哮義
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 871-876
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Most of the building material contains some extent of moisture, for example, about 21% of the mass of gypsum board are water of hydration. Thermal stagnation near a boiling point is observed in the fire resistance test for such walls, and it makes significant contribution to the thermal resistance of the wall. This research treats this effect separately from the thermal resistance by the thermal properties of material itself. Aside from the numerical analysis, the mathematical formula is derived for fire resistance of moisture containing wall.
  • 松原 斎樹, 島田 理良, 藏澄 美仁, 合掌 顕, 飛田 国人
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 877-885
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Several analysis were applied to the experimental data obtained from the different environmental conditions and procedures to investigate the difference between two unspecific scales; the impression of “hot-cold” and “warm-cool”.
    The main results are as follows; 1) “warm-cool” was different from “hot-cold” in the degree of the influence of temperature and the auditory factor, 2) the possibility was shown that “warm-cool” and “hot-cold” were not on the one-dimensional placement, 3) the difference of the degree of the influence of the auditory factor was conspicuously shown by combining with temperature.
  • 温熱環境および教育面・健康面の効果
    伊坂 善明, 飛田 国人, 松原 斎樹
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 887-895
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper discussed the influence on the thermal environment in classrooms and the learning attitude and health of the students by installing air-conditioners into classrooms of public elementary schools and junior high schools. The main results are as follows;
    1) More than 50% of the students and teachers in the schools answered that thermal environment of air-conditioned classrooms were “comfort”. More than 50% of the students answered “neutral” on thermal sensation scale. On the contrary, more than 40% of the teachers chose the answer “slightly hot” in the seven schools.
    2) The occupants in the classrooms were able to concentrate on studying with the aid of air-conditioners. Most of the teachers answered the positive effect on students' learning attitude by the air-conditioners.
    3) Most of them showed a positive view of installing air-conditioners into classrooms.
  • 学生層と主婦層との比較による評価構造の分析
    佐藤 仁人
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 897-902
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study was conducted to evaluate the semantic structure concerning comfortable colors in a living room. Two psychological experiments, one using the semantic differential method and the other using the evaluation grid method, were carried out. Subjects were consisted of students and housewives. From the results of the experiment using the semantic differential method, four factors, namely “variation”, “comfort”, “warmness”, “lightness,” were extracted from the students and four factors, namely “calmness”, “variation”, “warmness”, “lightness,” were extracted from the housewives. From the results of the experiment using the evaluation grid method, there was hardly any difference between the two groups. While calm colors were required for the basic elements of the living room, strong colors and extremely whitish colors were disliked.
  • -要求された温冷感の違いが空調負荷に及ぼす影響-
    崔 軍, 渡辺 俊行
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 903-910
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Until now, we suggested a new load calculation method which considered thermal sensation of the resident based on a point of view of comfort air conditioning. By this new load calculation method, the load is calculated for thermal energy to remove by the room to keep PMV of the indoor specific place a set point. By this new air-conditioning load calculation method, air-conditioning load changes by PMV given beforehand. Until now, the new load calculation method which set PMV of the indoor specific place a set point to zero was examined. In this paper, in order to examine the possibility of the load reduction by this new air-conditioning load calculation method, fixed tolerance level was set as PMV of the indoor specific place a set point, and the case studies ware performed. The calculation results showed that the annual load could carry out 32-44% reduction by setting tolerance level of PMV to ±0.5 compared with the present load calculation method.
  • 伊藤 一秀, 副島 勇輝
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 911-918
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Large numbers of studies have shown an association between living in homes with signs of ‘dampness’, and incidence and prevalence of airway diseases among children and adults. Damp house have possibility to encourage microbial growth which can increase the risk of adverse health effect and cause the deterioration of indoor air quality. In order to prevent health damage for residents in damp houses, the development of precise prediction method for indoor humidity and microbial condition in design stage is needed. This research focuses on the hygrothermal transport in residensial bathroom. Indoor environment in bathroom becomes high humidity during and after having a bath, and dew condensation on cold wall surfaces is one of the problems in view point of deterioration and disfigurement of building materials. We reports the procedure and the results of coupled numerical simlation incorporated with flow field analaysis and temerature/ humidity distribution in bathroom space and also reports the prediction mehod of microbial contamination in damp houses. Furthermore, microorganism growth on wall surfaces under high humidity environment is also confirmed to take countermeasures against contamination.
  • 小澤 明也, 浅野 良晴, 高村 秀紀, 久保田 敏史, 安部 祐樹
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 919-926
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors investigated how to use three kinds of hot water supply systems which were condensing type gas water heater systems, CO2 heat pump water heater systems and residential gas engine co-generation systems (GE-CGS) in four detached houses of Nagano prefecture. GE-CGS was installed in house A and house B. Condensing type gas water heater systems were installed in house B and house C. CO2 heat pump water heater systems were installed in house C and house D.
    We analyzed the energy efficiency of these systems. As a result, GE-CGS of house A was the highest in the annual energy efficiency, and it followed that CO2 heat pump water heater system of house D was the lowest.
  • 野部 達夫, 芳賀 裕輔, 中村 北斗, 田中 光太郎, 木口 雅之
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 927-933
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper is mentioned about a new method to evaluate the on-site performance of VRF system. The authors named this method as Probe Insertion Method. This method is able to adapt to not only motor-driven air-source heat-pump but also gas engine driven air-source heat-pump regardless of the manufacture. Using this method, we can measure the actual operation status and COP.
  • -長岡市を事例とした都市のコンパクト化の評価に関する研究 その1-
    和田 夏子, 大野 秀敏
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 935-941
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    We establish the standard emissions of CO2 from the work of construction, demolition/scraping and renewal /maintenance and get these following results.
    1. We establish the standard emissions of CO2 per area from the work of construction, demolition/scraping and renewal/maintenance of the urban facilities as well as buildings by calculating 5 years construction work in Nagaoka city to facilitate comparison of scenarios for the urban restructuring.
    2. We create 3 scenarios for compactization for the urban image of Nagaoka in the year of 2050. They are Market Scenario, Monocentric Scenario and Polycentric Scenario.
    3. By evaluating long-term CO2 emissions which includes both the reconfiguration period and the following operation period, we conclude the polycentric Scenario is the most desirable toward compact city among three sceinarois.
  • 池谷 直樹, 萩島 理, 谷本 潤
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 943-951
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors performed a numerical simulation of scalar transfer phenomena between an urban surface and atmosphere. A parallelized large-eddy simulation model was adopted for the simulation. Two types of regular block arrays, a square array and staggered array, were arranged on the floor of computational domains. It was assumed that area scalar source was installed on the floor of arrays and scalar fluxes were estimated by using a wall function based on a logarithmic law. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The flow statistics of the normalized wind speed and turbulence intensity above a canopy showed good agreement with that obtained experimentally. (2) Scalar profiles shows self-similarity after 3rd rows. (3) Scalar boundary layer develops rapidly especially the edge of the scalar source area because of upward wind due to roughness.
  • -二つのマーカーによる精度向上と専門家による評価-
    孫 磊, 福田 知弘, 徳原 俊樹, 矢吹 信喜
    2011 年 76 巻 668 号 p. 953-961
    発行日: 2011/10/30
    公開日: 2012/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    City planning or presentation is significant to government policy and general public. Therefore city design should be understandable by everyone, regardless of their ability or knowledge. In this study, viewpoint linking of physical scale models and Virtual Reality(VR), as a city presentation system, is developed and evaluated. It can be said that the system is better on the application and usability in the aspect of presenting urban landscape and environment. Moreover, to improve the accuracy of the developed system, an experiment using two AR markers was executed. By considering the actual city condition, the system error decreased to less than 4mm; in the previous experiment it was more than 10mm. Finally, the system was tested and evaluated by professionals and obtained high appraise.
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