Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ)
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
Volume 77, Issue 676
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • Masaki NOAKI, Yoshifumi OHMIYA, Ken MATSUYAMA, Junichi YAMAGUCHI
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 425-432
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A series of experiments was carried out to grasp flammability of combustible material which was supplied with water droplet on the horizontal surface of specimen. The cone calorimeter was used as experimental apparatus. As for wood specimen, Plywood, Japanese cedar, Oak, Jarrah, Selangan batu were selected and PMMA plate was used. The size of specimen was Width:100mm; Length:100mm; Thickness: 25mm. Regarding the experimental conditions, the heat flux rate radiated from heater and supplied water droplet was changed. As the result of experiments, the combustible material burned in the part without the water film on surface of specimen. In case heat flux rate was the same condition, the area of water film on horizontal surface of specimen increased and heat release rate decreased with increasing water supply rate. Based on the heat balance in combustible material, the prediction method of the burning area corresponding to heating strength and the rate of water supply was proposed.
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  • Osamu ITOGE, Hirotaka SUZUKI, Yuji HASEMI
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 433-441
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fire resistance tests are conducted on small-scale specimens of wooden wall with different positions and thicknesses of rockwool insulation in the wall. The tests have revealed significant influence that position and thickness of insulation in the wall give to the fire protecting performance of the wooden wall. It has been also clarified that putting insulation between wooden posts does not always make mechanical fire resistance improve, because positional relation between wooden post and insulated layer changed thermal distribution in the wall and damage wooden post given.
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  • Study on verification of room evacuation based on risk-based evacuation safety design method
    Yuka IKEHATA, Jun-ichi YAMAGUCHI, Daisaku NII, Takeyoshi TANAKA
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 443-451
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to survey the critical walk distance and the required door width for the standard of the evacuation safety design in the room evacuation method based on framework of risk-based design method for evacuation safety in building fire, the results of this method were compared with the value of the Building Standard Law(BSL) and the method of the Building Center of Japan (BCJ) in rooms in which the sprinkler is not installed. From the results, it was confirmed that the condition for the evaluation in this method was not severer than the standard of the BSL and BCJ, and the walk distance and the door width of rooms in real buildings have satisfied the standard of this method mostly.
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  • Kiyoshi INA
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 453-460
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    With regard to damages by constructional vibration on small-scale buildings, literature researches, investigation of actual conditions, and full-scale experiments were carried out to analyze the characteristics of damages, limitation of damages, and the relation between exciting force and damages. Also, a method to evaluate response values from a vibration level measured in actual construction works was described. As a result, the distortion angle when nonstructural members start to be damaged is 0.8/1000rad. It is considered that a damage can be estimated by evaluating the rigidity of building with the effective value of acceleration as a response value of the building.
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  • Kiwamu MAKI
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 461-466
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An experiment in which subjects rated their impression of 50 interior environments which were the contrasting combinations of two lighting colors, five wall and floor color combinations, and five furniture colors were performed. Of particular significance was the higher harmony ratings assigned to color layouts presenting blue and green furniture colors when they are with similar wall and floor color hues than others. The ratings of harmony rose when room model presented bluish walls and floors and was illuminated by daylight fluorescent lamps rather than bulb color ones. However, the rating differences between the two lamps were not clear when assessing likability or comfort.
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  • Sun shading effect of louver and case study of annual air-conditioning load
    Tomoyuki SATO, Kentaro KUBO, Shigeru HIKONE, Yutaka MISAWA, Wanghee CH ...
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 467-474
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The authors have proposed integrated-façade-systems consisted of some kinds of external louvers and buckling restrained braces (BRB). The systems are applied to not only new buildings but also existing buildings for improving building appearance, structural performance and indoor thermal environment.
    This research focuses on indoor thermal environment and proposes external shading coefficient which is used to quantify sun shading effects of the systems. The hourly annual external shading coefficient is provided by Radiance simulation and it can be utilized to other thermal comfort simulations such as TRNSYS to calculate annual air-conditioning loads. Through case studies for school and office, the reduction effect on annual air-conditioning loads is estimated.
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  • Naomi SASSA, Hiroko KUBO, Norio ISODA
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 475-479
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological and physiological responses to various air temperature conditions via the preferred air temperature of the elderly. The subjects who were 29 healthy females and 28 healthy males were exposed to 8 established air temperatures(23°C-33°C) for 60 minutes. The lower thigh skin temperature of the ‘High’ group was higher than the other groups at low air temperature. The ‘High’ group shows a decline in thermoregulation greater than the other group. When the ‘Low’ group regulated air temperature freely, they regulated too low an air temperature.
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  • Yasushi KONDO, Shunsuke OGITA, Hajime YOSHINO, Miwako FUJITA
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 481-489
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Displacement ventilation system (hereafter DV system) is suitable for electrical commercial kitchens because DV system does not disturb thermal plume over electrical cooking equipment. This paper showed experimental results on DV system with a laboratory room in which three cooking equipments i.e. electrical fryer, griddle and range, and an exhaust hood above them were installed. In this paper, the influence of disturbance due to cooking operation on indoor environment, the effects of side panels of an exhaust hood and a ceiling exhaust opening were examined. DV system with ceiling mounted supply openings was also studied. This DV system is compared with general DV system with wall mounted supply openings and local air conditioning system which is very popular in Japanese kitchens.
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  • Sumiyo ISHIMATSU, Satomi MATSUU, Yuji RYU
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 491-498
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In a building with geothermal utilization pit, concentrations of airborne microorganisms (cells/m3) by a filter sampler and temperature-humidity conditions were measured for one year to investigate seasonal change. The concentrations of indoor airborne microorganisms were affected by the pit air rather than outdoor air, especially in October. Temperature-humidity conditions between cooling season and heating season were relatively different both in the building and the pit. In October, one special species of fungi was observed on culture plates of the pit, and that implies that temperature-humidity conditions would affect the growth of the fungus.
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  • Infiltration ratios to indoor spaces from concealed spaces in detached houses
    Motoya HAYASHI, Haruki OSAWA
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 499-506
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The infiltration ratios of pollutants from concealed spaces to indoor spaces were measured using a tracer gas method in a structure model and detached houses. The results are the followings:
    1. The infiltration ratios from beam spaces were very high and those from crawl spaces and truss spaces were not low.
    2. The infiltration ratios became higher when indoor spaces were decompressed by exhaust ventilation systems.
    3. It is necessary to prevent the infiltration of pollutants from concealed spaces to indoor spaces and to keep air quality of concealed spaces.
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  • Kazuhiro YUASA, Sugn-Jun PARK, Shuji FUJII
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 507-513
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    District Heating and Cooling (DHC) has been introduced as a countermeasure against air pollution. Recently, the purposes of DHC have been diversified such as measures for energy conservation, urban disaster prevention, and global environment protection. As the construction of environment-friendly social systems is becoming one of the most important tasks of our time, DHC can be expected to play a significant role in energy conservation in the consumer sector. There have been many papers published from the aspect of energy conservation in DHC, and most of those studies are based on energy consumption during the operation. However, as DHC is an urban infrastructure and considering the difficulty of demolition, it is important to evaluate DHC based on Life-Cycle Energy (LCE), which considers overall energy consumption including every step from construction, operation, and repair to disposal. Therefore, in this study, the LCE of the DHCs in commercial districts were calculated based on the Input-Output table (I-O table), and the LCE parametric study was performed to conduct an energy conservation assessment of DHC in terms of LCE.
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  • Attitude and behavior survey in the Tokyo metropolitan area through internet
    Yuji TSUBOTA, Kazumi NAKAYAMA, Yoshikazu HAZAMA
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 515-521
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper describes an analysis of the survey on window opening/closing in dwellings in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Questionnaires were delivered through internet twice in 2008. Each time 1000 homemakers answered -a half of them lived in single houses and the others in apartment houses. Results of the survey are as follows,
    1. 94% homemakers had the attitude to open the windows of their houses, and 95% of them opened the windows.
    2. From 11 to 18% of the homemakers who didn't have the attitude to open the windows actually opened the windows.
    3. Approximately 40% homemakers felt the obstacles to open the windows, and 86% of them opened the windows.
    4. On August, from 17 to 39% of the homemakers opened the windows in the nighttime and from 40 to 67% of the homemakers opened the windows in daytime.
    5. In case of the outside temperature was lower than 28°C, number of the homemakers who opened the windows were larger than they who turned on the air conditioners.
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  • Aya HAGISHIMA, Minsun PARK, Jun TANIMOTO
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 523-531
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper reported a questionnaire survey on consumers' preference for several attributes of a condominium unit carried out in Kanagawa, Japan. The questionnaire were designed based on paired comparison conjoint theory, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and rank method to quantify the preference for floor area, specifications of low CO2 emission and VOC emission, and information technology (IT) facility. The responses of stated preference on paired comparison were analyzed based on both multi-logit and multi-probit methods. The result suggests the effectiveness of an inter-comparison among several types of probability model for evaluating the estimated willingness to pay for a group of small sample size.
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  • Yuki YANAI, Toshiharu IKAGA, Shun KAWAKUBO
    2012 Volume 77 Issue 676 Pages 533-539
    Published: June 30, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to clarify the effect of classroom environmental quality on students' health and learning performance, field measurements, assessments using CASBEE-School (Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency for school), and questionnaire survey for students and their teachers were conducted in 12 elementary schools. From the results of the survey conducted in both summer and winter, a significant correlation was observed between score for Q1 (indoor environment) category of CASBEE-School and students' satisfaction with their classroom in each school, and effectiveness of assessments by CASBEE-School was validated. However, there is still room for further improvement of assessment system in detail. In addition, a significant correlation between students' satisfaction and both of physical conditions and concentration was observed in this study.
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