日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
78 巻, 685 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
  • スプリンクラー設備作動時の区画内煙性状 その3
    太田 充, 松山 賢, 大宮 喜文, 野秋 政希, 山口 純一
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 231-239
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    Sprinklers systems are extensively applied as suppression tools in buildings, however it is necessary to determine the smoke behavior affected by sprinkler sprays during initial stage of fire. In the previous papers, the full-scale experimental studies were carried out to measure the downward smoke flow rate which penetrates a boundary surface between lower and upper layers by the drag effects of sprinkler spray. And a mathematical model was developed for predicting it. In this paper, a fire model based on two layer zone concept which includes the mathematical model is developed. Additionally, the cooling effect by heat transfer from the hot smoke layer to sprinkler water spray is also considered in the fire model. The predictions of the fire model such as the temperature, CO2 concentration profile of the upper and lower layers and the smoke layer height agree well with the experimental measurements which were carried out in previous papers.
  • 新谷 祐介, 長岡 勉, 出口 嘉一, 原田 和典
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 241-247
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    Burning experiments of poly-urethane foam under smoke layer were conducted to quantify the increase in burning rate of combustible materials exposed to radiant heat. Maximum burning rate and smoke layer temperature were increased as the ceiling heights were lower because of the increase of burning rate per unit area and the speed of the spread of burning area. Both of those effects were correlated with the radiant heat to the specimen from smoke layer and high temperature walls so on. A model to predict the increase of burning rate of poly-urethane foam exposed to radiant heat was proposed based on the earlier studies on burning behavior in an open air. The tendency of experiments was predicted well by the model.
  • 川西 利昌, 大塚 文和
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 249-254
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    Shade is required to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation damage. In order to determine the shape and dimensions for the design of a sun shade, it is necessary to know the sky ultraviolet radiation distribution. Conventionally, in order for it to be measured, the sky radiance distribution has been generally swept in the altitudes and directions using a vertical and horizontal axis rotating machine equipped with a radiance sensor. Therefore, it has taken several minutes to measure the all sky. This mechanical sweeping method has the problems that cloud conditions change during several minutes. Electronically sweep-type measurement equipment for sky erythema ultraviolet radiation equipped with 145 ea. of erythema ultraviolet sensors was developed, and it has become possible to measure the all sky in only two seconds. This research aims to measure the erythema ultraviolet radiance distribution under several sky conditions using this measurement equipment.
  • 加藤 未佳, 関口 克明
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 255-260
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is a research of the impression of soft light judged seeing the shadow. Three facts became clear by the experiment. 1.The impression of soft light is not caused when the shadow is not perceivable. 2.The reflectivity of the plane of incidence of light doesn't control the impression. And, the evaluation is decided by guessing the entering quantities of light. 3.The shape of the object that makes the shadow doesn't influence the impression.
    Based on the above result, it looked for the physical value in which it was able to explain the level of soft light. Then, the illuminance change ratio and the impression in the part that was the shadow of the object had the correlation. In this report, the illumination distribution calculated at intervals of 1mm was requested, and the value in which the difference between an arbitrary point and eight adjoining points is averaged is named S. Light with soft maximum value of S is an impression and correlates.
  • イム ウンス, 山中 俊夫, 甲谷 寿史, 桃井 良尚, 相良 和伸, 相馬 真子
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 261-268
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    In summer, direct solar radiation is the greatest influencing factor of cooling load. It is important to decrease the surface temperature of roof for reducing the cooling load in the building with the metallic roof. The shielding method of direct solar radiation by sunshade sheets is promoted in recent years, but the reduction effect of sheets on heat load has not been clarified yet.
    The purpose of this study is to clarify the reduction effect on cooling load by strip type sunshade sheets settled over folded roof. The measurement and calculation were conducted on a small house with metallic folded-plate roof in summer. We established the heat transfer model through sunshade sheets, roof and ceiling. The simulated results, temperatures and heat flux of ceiling, were compared with measured values. The calculated values are in good agreement with measured values. As a result of this study, in summer, it is shown that using the sunshade sheets can decrease cooling load at daytime. On the other hands, the cooling load is slightly increased at nighttime.
  • 断熱診断技術の実用化及び既存住宅の断熱改修に関する研究 (その2)
    李 時桓, 萩原 伸治, 黒木 勝一, 加藤 信介
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 269-275
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, we proposed the infrared camera method to diagnose wall thermal insulation performance of existing houses with simple and adequately accurate methods. This method separately obtains the heat transfer density of the surface of a building element, combining the result with the infrared thermography to calculate the heat flow rate passing through the building element, finding the thermal transmittance from the environmental temperature difference, and thus enabling quantitative assessment of the thermal insulation properties. The important point of this measurement method is to measure the local heat transfer coefficient of the indoor wall surface, indoor temperature and wall temperature using a heat transfer coefficient sensor and an environmental temperature sensor. Because the sensitivity of sensors significantly affects the accuracy of measurement of thermal transmittance, this paper describes experiment and numerical simulation study with the heat transfer coefficient sensor and the environmental temperature sensor to evaluate the measurement accuracy. First, we evaluate the environmental temperature with the thickness of copper plate on the sensor. Second, we compare the theoretical result and numerical simulation result of the heat transfer coefficient using the 2-dimensional plate model to validate the correctness of the simulation approach to evaluate the sensitivity of heat transfer coefficient sensor. After the validation, the sensitivity of the heat transfer coefficient sensor is evaluated in detail by numerical simulation at several cases. Although the measurement error of environmental temperature sensor was small with the thickness of copper plate, the numerical results of heat transfer coefficient sensor show that it is necessary to calibrate the local heat transfer coefficient by measurement environments. The local heat transfer coefficient of the indoor wall surface became higher as a linear approximation by the thickness of the sensor and air velocity around the sensor. Therefore, we suggested the linear calibration method according to the sensor thickness and air velocity around the sensor.
  • 有波 裕貴, 赤林 伸一, 大嶋 拓也, 坂口 淳
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 277-284
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of improving indoor environment by the cross ventilation, the rate to discharge thermal energy by the ventilation is larger than the reduction effects of SET* by indoor air flow. In this study, the relationship between the difference of indoor temperature and outdoor temperature by the effect of ventilation will be less than 1°C and the opening area of windows ratio are calculated for a simple and the standerd AIJ detached house model. The relationship between the air change rate, opening area of windows conditions and cross ventilation performance of the house is clarified.
    The results are as follows;
    (1) When air change rate is 20 times/h, the inside air temperature becomes nearly equal to the outside air temperature due to the discharge thermal energy by the ventilation.
    (2) The opening area of windows ratio tends to be high in the inland, and it tends to be low in the city along the sea in Japan.
    (3) Results of standard AIJ detached house model, the opening area of windows ratio with which ventilation rate is 20 times/h becomes a low value of feasibility. The opening area of windows ratio with which ventilation rate is 10 times/h becomes a values that may be realized.
  • 赤林 伸一, 坂口 淳, 市川 裕幸, 有波 裕貴
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 285-290
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper describes an energy consumption and CO2 emission of detached house. Energy consumption in this study is total amount of energy consumption of house including the hot water supply, cooking range, electrical equipment, ventilation and air conditioning load. This study targets for 3 type houses which are all-electrification, gas-electricity combination and Fuel cell co-generation system (FCCGS) house.
    Results as a followings:.
    (1) CO2 emissions of air conditioning load are more affected by Heating COP in air-conditioner than the difference of range.
    (2) Regional differences of hot water supply load are affected by CO2 emissions basic unit by electric power company.
    (3) CO2 emissions in the whole residence are more affected by Heating COP in air-conditioner than hot water supply COP of heat pump water heater.
  • 島本 裕子, 村川 三郎, 西名 大作, 青野 政信, 宇草 和義, 名倉 義行, 花園 新太郎
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 291-298
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    All electric cooking equipments have been propagated in the center of providing school lunch. However, the ventilation rates of the facilities are well planned with the same criterions applied for the facilities equipped by gas combustion cooking ranges because we do not have definite planning standards on the ventilation rates.
    The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects on the indoor thermal environment and electric energy consumption for air conditioning when we control the ventilation rates in the cooking room. From the measurements based on the practical uses in the cooking room, we discuss the effects of change of the ventilation rates in comparison with the values calculated by the electric capacity of the kettles and the designed values calculated by the air change per hour ; 20 circulation times applied for the cooking room.
  • ―広島地域の全電化住宅を対象とした電力消費量に関する研究―
    安藤 元気, 西名 大作, 村川 三郎, 石田 正樹
    2013 年 78 巻 685 号 p. 299-306
    発行日: 2013/03/30
    公開日: 2013/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The electric energy consumption of 100 electrified housing in Hiroshima area was measured by energy management system as one kind of HEMS. In this paper, on the basis of the comparison between the annual energy consumption before and after setting-up of the system, the reduction effect of installation of the system was clarified. As the results, the rate of reduction compared with the consumption before setting-up was approximately 3%.
    Furthermore, the factors of the reduction of energy consumption were examined. According to the comparison of three household groups classified by the consciousness and behavior of inhabitants, the reduction rate of the group which has already chosen the energy saving behavior before setting-up was larger than it of the group which tried to save the energy consumption after setting-up.
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