Pedestrian simulation model based on the public crowd flow model was proposed using Cellular Automata. In this model, two types of "personal space" and the transfer probability were introduced. One directional flow simulation were conducted to determine the transfer probability and to show the density - velocity / flow rate diagram, which showed good agreement with relations proposed on the Public Guideline for Evacuation. The flows in a bottleneck and a stairway, and also through a junction were simulated, which showed good agreement with the estimated results according to the Guideline.

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The purpose of this study is to propose new environmental standards by reflecting the combined effect of temperature and noise stress on the human state of mind. Twenty-three female students were exposed to twenty combined conditions involving four hotter temperature levels and five noise levels in summer, and twenty-one of them were also exposed to combined four lower temperature levels and similar five nose levels in winter. The subjects reported their sensations regarding each combined condition. The equi-comfort and equi-acceptance charts for respective seasons and exposure periods were derived on the basis of the results. The contour lines of the equal universal comfort and acceptance sensations, respectively, were drawn in the charts with temperature and noise levels on the axes. These two kinds of charts can indicate the combined conditions which would be acceptable but not comfortable, as well as the grades of human comfortableness and acceptableness by themselves within this experimental condition.

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Vibrations induced by multiple consecutive human footfalls on a long-span timber floor were measured and the relationship between the measurements and human sensory evaluation, as well as the performance values, was examined. An experimental floor was built, on which the sensory tests were performed. The vibration sense and the perceptive evaluation varied according to the number of footfalls and the walking direction, which suggests that there is a cumulative effect of vibrations from each step. Furthermore, it appears that adding up the performance value of each footfall is likely to represent the cumulative performance value of multiple consecutive footfalls.

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Color rendering indices are the most common metric used by the lighting industry to represent the color rendering properties. Color rendering indices are regarded as characteristics of an artificial light source and depend on spectral power distribution of the light. The observed color appearance of objects in a room are affected by not only artificial light but daylight and interreflected light, therefore color rendering properties should be calculated from spectral power distribution of the incident light on objects.
The purpose of the paper is to evaluate color rendering properties of daylighting with artificial lighting by calculating spectral interreflection. The result shows quantitatively that color rendering properties degrade in the room with light-colored walls, and the daylighting with artificial lighting improves color rendering properties.

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Various optimization methods of heat source and operational design have been studied in order to reduce energy consumption in building sector. Some problems, however, remain to be improved. Furthermore, some designers plan building services by empirical laws in general buildings. Even if they plan them by optimum design, it isn't necessarily the most suitable that people who work at operation center operate heat sources. The authors have developed the optimization method of heat source using genetic algorithm and Lagrange multiplier to improve previous studies and have developed chart for operational design. If operators use the chart when they operate heat sources, they can understand easily which to operate heat sources and how much output. The result shows that a program which the authors made can calculate on condition that load factor is continuous, the calculation speed is quicker than the previous study, and chart for operational design is convenient for workers at operation center.

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The water heating is an important target for energy efficiency policy, comprising 30% of the energy consumption in Japanese housings. However, facts about replacement patterns of water heaters and their determinants have not been well studied. We conducted a questionnaire survey concerning the existing housings that replaced water heaters in 2010. We found that the share of energy-efficient water heaters varies much around an average of 30%, depending on the type of housing and its ownership. In the single-family, owned housings sector, factors such as defects and ages of, and resident's interest in, water heaters, can result in different choices.

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Some tools for calculating CO₂ emissions have been developed for housing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). However, these present tools are hard to assess a direct impact of resident such as health risk and amenity. It is considered that the tool that can assess the direct impact of residents can be helpful in checking up the cost-effectiveness on a personal level during the housing design. In this study, we propose a new LCA tool that is based on the Life-cycle Impact assessment Method using by Endpoint modeling (LIME) developed by The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and introduce a part of the LCA tool experimentally.
This proposed LCA tool considers the method of existing earthquake risk management and human health risk assessment such as disability- adjusted life years (DALY) by WHO. Also, it is embedded in a function to estimate by buildup approach. The final cost is obtained by integrating the required cost (internal cost) with damage to environment and human health (external cost). Additionally, the item that adds to inventory, impact category and category endpoint for calculation of external cost at each stage can be selected. Since the idea of this LCA tool can be helpful for architect and client to determine the direction of housing design, we discuss the convenience of LCA tool in this paper.

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Trimming thinned woods is one of the methods to plan growth of the forest. In the field of building structure, it is necessary to use thinned woods as timber positively. However, timber is too weak to apply to the large-scale buildings. Research and development of a building system to use timber are demanded.
Authors consider possibility that a building system is composed of steel and timber considering the global environment. The building system of composite steel-timber structure type is classified and its characteristic is shown. Requirement performances of each type are evaluated to provide the building system. Based on an evaluation result of requirement performance, the specific example called CSTS (Composite Steel-Timber Structure) is shown and the details of CSTS are considered.

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