In this paper, the reduction effect of fuel mass loss rate under ventilation-control is examined by compartment model experiment. First, it is theoretically proved that the reduction effect depends on the change of heat transfer from flame to fuel. Next, the reduction rates of heat transfer from flame to fuel are calculated either from chemical species concentration inside a compartment or net heat transfer of fuel. From the comparison of both calculated values, it is shown that the reduction rate is able to be predicted by consideration of chemical species concentration based on zone concept. Then it is also found why mass loss rate under ventilation-control approaches to 0.092A√H from the relationship between ventilation factor and mass loss rate due to heat transfer from flame to fuel.

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This study clarified the thermal environment of the temporary houses in Higashi-Matsushima-shi, Miyagi and Nasukarasuyama-shi, Tochigi through measurement of air temperature, humidity ratio and surface temperature in winter and summer. Furthermore, the numerical simulations were performed and the effects of insulation retrofit on the thermal environment were evaluated to present the desirable insulation performance.
To evaluate the insulation efficiency, the method of using the accumulation frequency of unconditioned room air temperature was shown.

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In this study, the relationships between spatial structure, material, and surface temperature in a Machiyashiki in Edo, presently known as Tokyo were examined. First, the distribution of summer surface temperature in the Machiyashiki was calculated on the clear summer day using the numerical simulation developed by Hoyano et al. (2004). Next, the sensible heat flux from surface was evaluated using Heat Island Potential (HIP) as an index. The result showed that in daytime the urban space emitted most of the heat from solar radiation and stored little, and in nighttime the heat island phenomenon did not occur, because of spatial characteristics of the site, which had a large density of short buildings made of materials with low thermal conductivity and thermal capacity.

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For establishing the basis of clarifying the conditions to create indoor thermal environment without discomfort due to sensation of dryness in winter (dry season), several kinds of questionnaire surveys were conducted. The questionnaire survey to great mass of office workers and students revealed that more than half of them experienced discomfort due to dryness in indoor spaces and that they sensed dryness most in the throat, followed by the lip, eyes, and face. At the same time, based on the surveys for occupants during sedentary work, the relationship between the sensation of dryness and the thermal environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity, and wind velocity was studied. The results showed that the sensation of dryness could be caused more intensively when the air temperature or the wind velocity is higher or the humidity is low. This might correspond with the physical mechanism of moisture evaporation from skin or mucous membrane, and suggest the alternatives of indoor thermal environmental control in winter other than humidification.

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This study presents a simulation method to predict the effect of the outdoor thermal radiation environment on the performance of a direct gain system. As a result of error analyses for the calculation of incident solar radiation on internal surfaces and room air temperature, the error range derived from mesh resolution is revealed. Also, the numerical experiments show that this method is applicable to the examination of the performance of a direct gain system, taking into account the effects of the position and size of trees and thermal storage mass.

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In the previous report, the drainage performance of a stack drainage system for high-rise buildings was identified through an experiment in which air-admittance valves were installed; one in the vent pipe section and another in the horizontal fixture drain branch section. A pipe network model was also proposed for predicting the drainage performance of the system and the validity of the prediction method was indicated. This report extends the prediction method using air-admittance valves installed in more locations than the previous experiment, and attempts to predict the drainage performance of the system while verifying the effectiveness of the prediction method used. The report also discusses a method for relaxing problematic positive pressure generated in the lower floors of high-rise buildings, and then systematically compares and discusses different drainage performance results with air-admittance valves in different locations, and summarises the experiment's findings in the form of design data.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of radiant heating & cooling system by means of field measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations coupled with convection and radiation. Radiant panels can be operated below the dewpoint temperature and can remove humidity from the air by condensation. It is necessary to model the radiant panel in the shape of actual use to understand the thermal characteristics of the radiant panel. In the first step of this study, the indoor thermal environment of the real scale space, which is air-conditioned by radiant heating system, is analyzed by field measurement and CFD. With comparing the both results, the validity of the CFD method is examined from the practical point of view. In case of the multi panel model, the influence of convection is greater. The radiant panel of actual use is not real “Radiant Panel” because ASHRAE named it which radiant heat transfer rate of the overall heat transfer rate is more than 50%.

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To resolve uneven microwave heating on the evaporative humidifier element, we investigate the distribution of electric field in the humidifier cavity and power absorbed in the humidifier element using microwave simulation. The dielectric constant and loss tangent by changes in the water content of the humidifier element were measured using a rectangular waveguide method and calculated using microwave simulation to perform the electric field calculations. Then, the penetration depth of microwaves in the element was identified in the water densities. The results demonstrated that the microwave can be penetrated into the 100 mm of the thick element with a water density of 0.054 g/cm³. The simulation results shown that the average of power loss density across the cross section of the element (thickness) was attenuated from the front face to the rear face when increased the water density. The distribution for the thickness of power absorbed in the element agrees with the experimental results. However, absorbed power into the element for vertical profile of the element did not match with heating patterns. To predict temperature change on the evaporative humidifier element, an air fluid analysis in the simulation should be undertaken.

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This study projects future climate in Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka in summer under the IPCC SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios) A1b scenario by the dynamical downscaling method with the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model. Furthermore, impacts of climate change on human health are evaluated by the mid-point impact assessment based on contingent valuation method. The results show that the frequency of days with daytime maximum temperature exceeding 35°C will be doubled in the 2070s in the three metropolises. Willingness to pay (WTP) in order to avoid heat stress is the highest in Osaka, followed by Nagoya and Tokyo. WTP is higher for sleep disturbance compared to heat stroke.

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CASBEE-City, a comprehensive environmental assessment tool for municipalities (cities, towns, and villages), was developed to support citizens, local governments, and other stakeholders in understanding their local conditions. In this study, the aim was to examine the tool's practical effectiveness through a nationwide questionnaire survey. The statistical relationship was analyzed between the subjective assessment results (citizens' satisfaction with local conditions) and the objective CASBEE-City assessment results, which are based on public statistical information. A clear relationship was found between the subjective and objective assessment results for municipalities, thus verifying the tool's effectiveness.

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Ultraviolet radiation may cause the skin damage. In order to protect skin from harm, it is necessary to know sky ultraviolet radiation. Until now, sky ultraviolet radiance distribution has been measured using mechanical scanning method. This has the problems that cloud condition may happen to change in a few minute during measuring. New measuring equipment for radiance distribution of sky erythema ultraviolet radiation was developed. It was an electronic scanning method and is equipped with 145 sensors of erythema ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, it has become possible to measure the radiance distribution at only three seconds. This research aims to measure erythema ultraviolet radiance distribution under broken cloud sky condition using this measuring equipment. As results, it was clarified ultraviolet radiation from broken cloud sky is sometimes higher than one from clear sky.

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A questionnaire on a problem with noise, in particular neighborhood noise, was carried out in the area of public temporary housing for disaster of the Great East Japan Earthquake. A number of the answers was 412 and the recovery rate was 34 %. Through results of the survey, the ratio of persons who feel annoyingly for the neighborhood noise was 37 %, and the degree of annoyance of a neighborhood noise is proportional to the psychology of residents such as loneliness, sense of unease and languidness. These psychologies are based on living alone in the public temporary housing.

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