日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
79 巻, 696 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
  • -水膜が無い場合における注水時の発熱速度簡易推定モデルの構築とコーンカロリーメータ試験結果との比較-
    野秋 政希, 山口 純一, 大宮 喜文
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 123-131
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    A series of experiments was carried out to grasp flammability of combustible material which was supplied with water droplet on the horizontal surface of specimen. The cone calorimeter was used as experimental apparatus. As for specimen, Plywood, PMMA, Polyurethane foam, Polyethylene foam, n-Heptane were selected. The size of specimen was 100mm wide, 100mm long. Regarding the experimental conditions, the heat flux rate radiated from heater was constant (50kW/m2) and supplied watering was changed. As the result of experiments, on each specimen, heat release rate decreased but total heat release was not changed with increasing water supply rate. Based on the heat balance in combustible material surface, the prediction method of heat release rate per burning area corresponding to heating strength and the rate of water supply was proposed.
  • -視覚・聴覚要因等を活用した夏期の住まい方に関するアンケート調査より-
    福坂 誠, 松原 斎樹, 大和 義昭, 松原 小夜子, 戸田 都生男
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 133-140
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to verify the effect of mitigating the discomfort from heat by the audio-visual stimuli, we have conducted the questionnaire survey on the behavior to get the coolness, the following were obtained.
    1) A lot of residents do the acts to get the coolness, such as changing rugs and watering, also by means other than air conditioning. These tend to make cooling time shorter.
    2) The acts to get the coolness are performed by both non-thermal and thermal reasons,
    3) It is thought the residents accept a little too hot environment by feeling satisfaction and comfort through their active conducts of getting the coolness.
  • 羽入 敏樹, 星 和磨, 渡辺 大助
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 141-148
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aim of this study is to develop a listening test method that would be suitable for investigating the effect of sound absorption on the comfort provided by sound environments in residences. To accomplish this, listening test methods that employ an actual scale room model and ones that employ binaural recording and headphone reproduction were compared. Through this comparison, the following clarifications have been achieved: 1) Results obtained through binaural recording and headphone reproduction were almost the same as those obtained using the actual scale room model. 2) Moving a dummy head microphone to simulate a subject's walking in an actual room was useful for reproducing a “sense of reverberation” because recorded footsteps help the subject's judgments. 3) The psychological factors, “sense of silence,” “sense of reverberation,” and “feeling of serenity” were not influenced by the personal preference of the subject, although the “sense of quality” was.
  • 田中 ひかり, 増田 潔
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 149-158
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Prediction of floor impact sound from a heavy impact source is necessary for the structural design of apartment buildings. However, this is generally impossible to achieve for each room in the building because the room layout has yet to be decided at the structural design stage. As a statistical approach to this problem, we propose average floor impact sound pressure levels as evaluation measures for the structural design of apartment buildings. This is the average value for all rooms that can be located on a concrete slab surrounded by beams. We used two types of single-number quantity; the A-weighted impact sound pressure level (JIS A 1419-2) generated by a rubber ball (JIS A 1418-2) and the impact sound pressure level (L-number) (JIS A 1419-2) generated by a small automobile tire (JIS A 1418-2).
    Average floor impact sound pressure levels were calculated using the finite element method under conditions where the slab size ranged from 4×4 meters to 8×16 meters with various thicknesses.
    Then, the relationship between the average floor impact sound pressure level and the size of the concrete slab was examined. It was found that the average floor impact sound pressure level tends to increase with a decrease in slab size. Furthermore, average A-weighted impact sound pressure levels and the logarithm of first natural frequencies of the slab were proportional for slabs of constant thickness. On the other hand, the average L-number is affected by not only first natural frequencies, but also second and third natural frequencies.
    From the results, simple formulas were derived to predict average floor impact sound pressure levels from lower natural frequencies, the thickness of the slabs, and some corrections.
  • 尾身 佳樹, 菊田 弘輝, 酒田 健, 斉藤 雅也, 羽山 広文
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 159-166
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to have a better understanding of exergetic balance of northern regional houses in summer, and to make known correlation between thermal sensation and radiant exergy in their houses. Followings are results. First, the cool exergetic flows thorough the earth tube in daytime is equivalent to 10[%] of that by the ventilation. Second, there is a relation-ship between the temperature difference in the cognition and the outdoor and the cool or warm radiant exergy. Third, 400[mW/m2] of the cool radiant exergy is emitted at a maximum from the wall surfaces, and that is stored into the surrounding walls, finally 30-60[W] of cool radiant exergy is emitted in the house by the solar shading and the nocturnal ventilation.
  • -近赤外域における再帰反射特性を有する遮熱フィルムの提案と効果検討-
    藤田 渉, 井上 隆, 一ノ瀬 雅之, 長浜 勉, 高草 智
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 167-172
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper presents the effect of ‘retro-reflection film’ improving not only indoor but also outdoor radiative environment. Solar heat shielding against solar radiation over the entire building envelope is one of the most effective measures for achieving air conditioning energy savings. On the other hand, solar radiation from the mirror reflection of a heat-shielded building envelope by Low-E glass for example, deteriorates the street radiative environment. These facts indicate that retro-reflection is an effective method to improve the current situation. We propose a newly developed heat-shielding film, which possesses a retro-reflective property and a wavelength-selection property, while having the same degree of transparency as usual glass. The proposed film embodies an innovative heat-shielding technique that makes it possible to effectively return solar radiation toward the sky, while minimizing the secondary effects to other buildings, to the ground, and so on. In order to verify these effects, several aspects of quantitative evaluation are demonstrated.
  • 学校における事故と屋外気象条件の関係に関する研究 その1
    岩下 剛, 得永 尚樹
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 173-180
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The data of accidents in the elementary schools in the ward areas of Tokyo, urban districts of Tokyo, Nagoya city, and Osaka city were linked with meteorological data of relevant areas in order to research the relation between accidents occurring at elementary schools and the weather conditions of the region where that elementary school is located. The data of accidents of elementary schools were obtained from the NAASH (National Agency for the Advancement of Sports and Health), and the period of analysis was set as 5 years from 2005 to 2009. The data of accidents linked with meteorological data were classified for each level of the outside temperature at the time of occurrence of the accident. From this the relation of the outside temperature and the occurrence rate of accidents were determined. With considering the seasonal variations of when children become more active, the method of compensating the occurrence rate of accidents in classrooms and gymnasiums with the occurrence rate of accidents during the time of physical education in schoolyards was proposed. It was understood that the difference in the rate of air conditioners being placed in classrooms had an effect on the occurrence rate of accidents in the classrooms of elementary schools in target regions. On the other hand, the effect on the occurrence rate of accidents due to differences in the rate of air conditioners being placed were not made clear in gymnasiums that had a low rate of air conditioners being placed.
  • 浅深度地中熱利用の研究 (その2)
    岩澤 昭彦, 中山 茂樹
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 181-189
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors examined possibility of underground thermal energy use by using ground heat exchanger as short as 6m, from the viewpoint of temperature of ground, in study of underground thermal energy use from shallow underground (Part1). It was found that the results, higher possibility of practicality of 6m ground heat exchanger in many areas including Hokkaido, in the same way as a conventional ground heat exchanger 100m . In response to this, we carried out a field test by repeating measurement of short time underground thermal quantity and decreasing quantity of heat due to long-term operation. As a result it was confirmed, underground thermal energy use by 6m ground heat exchanger can be available to residential heating and cooling and decreasing quantity of heat after long term operation of 6 months is 51%.
  • 金田一 清香, 西名 大作, 村川 三郎, 田中 貴宏, 堀岡 建吾
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 191-199
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    We analyze the energy consumption in a cafe that is located in the campus of Hiroshima University as an independent unit. As for the energy supply system, electricity is used for the whole facilities, where the amount of energy consumption for cooking occupies 65 % of the total and is about three times more than that for air conditioning. The annual energy consumption in the cafe is measured about 880 GJ in primary energy for the total floor area of 249 m2. The daily energy consumption can be generally explained by plural parameters such as outdoor air temperature, the number of customers and operating hours of air conditioning by the multiple linear regression analyses.
  • 川西 利昌, 大塚 文和
    2014 年 79 巻 696 号 p. 201-207
    発行日: 2014/02/28
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ultraviolet radiation may be cause the skin damage. In order to determine the shade to protect of the skin against ultraviolet radiation, it is necessary to know the radiance distribution of the sky ultraviolet radiation. Conventionally, the sensor of the sky radiance distribution has been generally swept using mechanical method. The mechanical sweeping method has the problems that sky conditions change during several minutes. Electronically sweep-type measurement equipment for sky erythema ultraviolet radiation equipped with 145 area of erythema ultraviolet sensors was developed, and it has become possible to measure the all sky in only three seconds. This research aims to measure the erythema ultraviolet radiance distribution for low latitude area using this measurement equipment. A regression equation of radiance distribution was made from measurement results. Architectural Sun Protection Factor of shade was calculated using the equation.
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