日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
79 巻, 697 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1~13を表示しています
  • 長岡 勉, 辻本 誠
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 209-217
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The early stages of a fire are simulated using a fire-growth model based on an exponential function. The model is verified by carrying out combustion experiments with urethane foam. Heat release rates predicted by the model are in good agreement with a wide range of observed heat outputs from urethane foam. Even with different sources of ignition, the growth rate of a fire fits the same exponential function. Furthermore, the heat release rate of burning chairs and Christmas trees is also shown to fit the exponential function.
  • 樋本 圭佑, 山田 真澄, 西野 智研
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 219-226
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Number of ignition that occurred outside of the tsunami-inundated areas following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake was analyzed using statistical models. For the analysis, the number of ignition, seismic data, and areal characteristics were surveyed for 698 municipalities in 17 prefectures of eastern Japan. The data set includes 191 earthquake-generated ignitions occurred within one month after the main shock. Regression analysis using Kawasumi model showed that there was no clear difference in the ignition probability between 1995 Kobe earthquake and 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Further analysis using GLM (Generalized Linear Model) showed that the JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) seismic intensity, acceleration response with the period of 1.0s, and SI (Spectral Intensity) are the most appropriate explanatory parameters for evaluating the number of ignitions in each municipality. The proposed model could be used to predict the number of ignitions for future earthquakes.
  • 八塚 秀樹, 上谷 芳昭
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 227-232
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous paper7), we have developed a method of measuring the spectral radiance of all sky elements using a general purpose digital camera and a circular fisheye lens. In this method, the fisheye camera measured the XYZ tristimulus values of each sky element. The XYZ tristimulus values were transferred into the spectral radiance in two ways: (1) by using the CIE daylight illuminant and (2) by using the eigenvectors obtained by principal component analysis of spectral radiance of sky elements measured by a spectroradiometer. The method (1) was mostly accurate, but was sometimes unable to estimate spectral radiance of blue skies because the CIE daylight illuminant was defined with the correlated color temperature being within the range of approximately 4,000 to 25,000Kelvin. The correlated color temperature of the method (2) was unlimited, but the accuracy was lower than the method (1). In this study, to improve the method (2), we obtained eigenvectors by principal component analysis of normalized spectral radiance of sky elements. The XYZ tristimulus values were transferred into the xy chromaticity coordinates, and the relative spectral power distribution was computed. Then it was transferred into the spectral radiance by tristimulus values Y [cd/m2]. We found the improved method (2) was able to estimate spectral radiances more accurately than the original method (2).
  • 開原 典子, 高田 暁, 松下 敬幸
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 233-239
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Based on the measurement of the moisture content in the stratum corneum, the transient model of the moisture transfer in skin was proposed with using the simultaneous heat and moisture transfer equations for hygroscopic range. For the modeling, the simultaneous heat and moisture transfer equation for the hygroscopic range was adapted for the stratum corneum with the thickness of 30μm, considering the contact with the ambient air, and the skin moisture content at the depth of 30μm given as saturated. As the results, the distribution of moisture content calculated by using the proposed analytical model agreed with the measured results, by taking into account the dependence of the moisture conductivity on the moisture content. It was suggested that the proposed model could explain the transient response of skin surface moisture distribution to the change in indoor humidity.
  • 藤田 浩司, 松下 敬幸
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 241-246
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The objective of this paper is to present a new method for estimating air flow coefficients and air flow exponents of air leakage areas not only in the external wall of a house but also in the internal walls between rooms using only one type of tracer gas. These values-which are unknown variables-are determined using nonlinear simultaneous equations, which consist of balance equations for the air mass and tracer-gas concentration in the rooms. To verify the validity of this method, we set up a numerical experiment. As a result of the experiment, it was clarified that the present estimation method yields a reasonable estimate of the air flow coefficients and the air flow exponents.
  • ファミリーレストランの厨房換気に関する研究 (第2報)
    荻田 俊輔, 近藤 靖史, 吉野 一, 藤田 美和子
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 247-254
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous paper, CFD simulations and experiments were conducted to study the displacement ventilation system with ceiling supply openings (hereafter DV system) in commercial kitchens. The results showed that the DV system reduced the influence of airflow supplied from diffusers on thermal plume over kitchen appliances so that the capture efficiency of exhaust hood was high and the kitchen can be maintained good thermal condition. This paper presents the results of field measurement of the thermal environment and the energy consumption in a real kitchen where the DV system was applied. The results shows that the DV system can improve thermal environment in the real kitchen and can save energy consumption for HVAC system. Even if the ventilation rate was decreased in the DV system, the thermal environment was almost same as conventional local cooling system with larger ventilation rate. This paper also shows that the estimated cooling period with outdoor air of the DV system was much longer than that of the conventional one.
  • 宋 城基
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 255-260
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examined the ventilation performance of solar chimney by the relations of the inlet and outlet, the solar radiation heat-receiving chimney area, the connection conditions of the chimney shaft and chimney. As a result, the ventilation rate was increased in order of 16 m2, 4 m2, 8m2 chimney horizontal cross sections. And when the section area was same, the increase of the solar radiation heat-receiving chimney area was effective than chimney height. A chimney shaft was narrower than a chimney was effective in the case of 16 a chimney cross section area. However, a chimney shaft was wider than a chimney was effective in the case of 4 m2 a chimney horizontal cross section area. And the ventilation rate was not increased that much when the section area rate of the outlet for the inlet were more than 2.
  • アンケート調査による節湯効果のポテンシャルに関する検討
    森 勇樹, 井上 隆, 前 真之, 佐藤 誠, 八塚 春子
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 261-270
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This report shows the actual situation of the spread and the use of mixing faucet and shower head in housing and the use of hot water, based on the result of web questionnaire. It was indicated that the single-lever mixing faucet recently became widespread about 90%, and that the ratio of using hot water in kitchen differed considerably between about 80% in winter and 20% in summer. It was also suggested that though they did not need hot water in summer and middle season, about a single-lever mixing faucet, there was high ratio of using the lever at the position where hot water was mixed.
  • 空気式太陽熱集熱を利用した住宅のシステム性能改善に関する研究 その1
    崔 榮晋, 小原 克哉, 草川 研二, 高瀬 幸造, 佐藤 誠, 前 真之, 盧 炫佑, 駒野 清治
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 271-280
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    For apprehending the performance of solar heating system, it is important to understand the relations of heating load and the system elements such as heat collection, heat storage, insulation, and so on. In this study, the measurements in the 3 buildings made progress at the same time for comparing the influence by these elements on the system, because the effect of the solar heating system is fluctuated by weather conditions. This paper describes outline of the measurements and specifications of the two test buildings that the air-based solar system is installed in. It also shows the changes of the heat flow on underground surface by installing the insulation under basement, changing the area of solar heat collector, or applying the water-pack as the additional heat storage.
  • 都市生態系の保全・創出計画策定支援を目的とした植生景観図に関する研究 その1
    宮本 慧, 田中 貴宏, 大野 啓一, 佐藤 裕一, 佐土原 聡
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 281-287
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In recent years, many people are beginning to be interested in the ecological issues. However, green coverage ratio is decreasing by the urban developments. It causes decline of quality of ecosystem services and the quality of city life. The purpose of this study is to analyze the location characteristics of each vegetation landscape classifications by the results of field survey in Hadano. In addition, authors try to make the vegetation landscape map for supporting urban landscape planning. As a result, vegetation landscape in Hadano is classified into three categories, urban landscape, agricultural landscape, and Satoyama landscape. Furthermore, the landscapes can be classified into 11 vegetation landscapes by using the vegetation landscape classification table. Moreover, location characteristics of each vegetation landscapes are analyzed by using GIS. Finally, vegetation landscape map that includes 16 categories by using the results above is made.
  • -住民アンケート調査によるシナリオ評価-
    田中 貴宏, 岩本 慎平, 西名 大作
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 289-296
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    After World War II, urban areas in Japan sprawled to the suburbs because of rapidly increasing population, economic growth, and motorization. Along with that sprawl, some problems arose: blighted downtown areas, high CO2 emissions from automobile use, and high infrastructure maintenance costs. In recent years, Japan's population is decreasing. If such sprawled urban structures are maintained, then urban areas will have lower density, rendering public transportation systems inefficient, and raising infrastructure maintenance costs. Therefore, the “compact city” model was proposed as an urban structure for use in the depopulation era. Therefore, in this study, the authors examined scenarios for a case study city (Fuchu City, Hiroshima). Then the scenarios were evaluated from the perspectives of resident opinions. Results show that a scenario with population density of 50 [persons/ha] with moderately high infrastructure maintenance costs and CO2 emissions will earn consensus in local communities.
  • -積分方程式の導出に基づく抗力係数と散逸率の関係について-
    池谷 直樹, 萩島 理, 谷本 潤
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 297-304
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Momentum and energy budgets on an urban surface are investigated based on theoretical approach by deriving the budget equations. Firstly, we have introduced the integral equation for energy, which corresponds to the equation as known as Karman's integral law for momentum. These equations can explain the effect of drag force acting on roughness elements on the budgets of momentum and energy. Secondly, it is shown that the additional term appears to explain for the drag force to be able to directly absorb momentum provided out of boundary layer. Although the corresponding term does not exist in the energy budget equations, the drag force may work to increase the turbulence energy through the additional turbulence production terms. Thirdly, the relationship between drag coefficient and dissipation rate have been discussed. These quantities have positive correlation and can be an index to explain the wind velocity deficit.
  • -住宅の環境負荷とその地域性に関する研究 その1-
    田中 昭雄, 外岡 豊
    2014 年 79 巻 697 号 p. 305-312
    発行日: 2014/03/30
    公開日: 2014/07/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study proposed two statistical methods for estimating household energy consumption by each municipality in Japan. The first one was the methodology of creating final energy consumption models, unified statistical models F, and for local statistical models, restricted statistical models G, and there application method for each municipality in Japan. This study defined the Pi that is a coefficient of difference between places, and introduced some spatial statistical concepts for reflecting the regional characteristics and to improve precision. Finally, we estimated household energy consumptions by each municipality and described them by a GIS map separately for 3,319 locations in Japan. This study proposed a useful methodology of estimating household energy consumption by each municipality in Japan. However this method needs work for applying to remote islands. The second one is the methodology of the integrated use of similar studies and improves the precision of the estimated result. The method is a kind of asymptotic convergence method by applying Bayes Statistics. We applied this method to Kumamoto city and Minamata city, and showed the results. This has resulted in the realization of efficient integration of the findings of numerous studies.
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