日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
80 巻, 711 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
  • 織山 和久, 小滝 晃
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 389-396
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     A scale-free power law distribution applies to fire-spreading networks in areas that are densely crowded with wooden-building, with each flammable wooden building as a node and its links to other buildings within fire-spreading distance of it. Based on the percolation theory of scale free networks, we have computed the percolation critical exponents and found that fire-spreading networks can be effectively disrupted by the targeted removal of each fire-spreading wooden building that links to six or more other such buildings. A targeted removal approach for the 84 highest-risk districts in Tokyo can prevent fire spread by removing 10-30% of flammable buildings, in contrast to random removal of 40-70% of flammable buildings. A detailed area survey and assortative coefficient indicate that cooperative rebuilding would be effective for a targeted removal approach.
  • 辻村 壮平, 秋田 剛, 小島 隆矢, 佐野 奈緒子
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 397-405
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     In order to investigate an influence of indoor sound environment in office on knowledge creative activity, subjective experiments were conducted in our study. In this experiments, subjective evaluations on “ease of meeting”, “quietness of sound environment” and “listening difficulty of speech” in two different types of group meetings (decision-making meeting and discussion to think of creative ideas) were measured under five types of sound environmental conditions (no-noise LAeq, 5min 38 dB, ambient noise (conversation noise) LAeq, 5min 40 dB, 45 dB, 50 dB, 60 dB) in a meeting room of the university. From the results, in regard to “quietness of sound environment”, we found that subjects start feeling noisy (not quiet) in sound environmental condition of ambient noise 50 dB, and that of 60 dB have an increased “listening difficulty of speech”. In the ambient noise 50 dB, “ease of meeting” was the highest evaluation for discussion to think of creative ideas among these experimental conditions. Furthermore, to investigate psychological factors related to ease of meeting, multiple regression analysis was performed using the data obtained from subjective experiments. These results of multiple regression analysis show that a quiet sound environment is not necessarily desirable in discussion to think of creative ideas. It was found that very quiet sound environment decrease the evaluation of “ease of meeting” in discussion to think of creative ideas. Thus, it was suggested that recommended indoor sound environmental condition to conduct discussion to think of creative ideas was ambient noise 50 dB.
  • 國分 詠美子, 鈴木 晴翔, 鄭 新源, 宗方 淳
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 407-414
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of this study is to reveal what determines the perception of lighting fluctuation. We focused on two factors; the illuminance ratio and the change rate. We conducted two experiments about the perception of lighting fluctuation in the room that was assumed an office. The subjects were asked to perform a hand calculation or typing activity, during which they should acknowledge whether they have perceived the change of illuminance. As a result, it was revealed that the effect of the change rate differs depending on the illuminance ratio.
  • 橋本 一輝, 飯塚 悟, 玄 英麗
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 415-424
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     In this study, the effects of introducing vertical ventilation paths on the thermal and wind environments in city blocks were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In particular, the effects of two vertical geometric parameters of the buildings, i.e., the average height of the buildings and the standard deviation of the building heights, in the windward region on the pedestrian thermal and wind environments in both the windward and leeward regions were quantitatively evaluated. In the windward region, the standard deviation of the building heights in the region was more effective for improving the pedestrian thermal environment. On the other hand, the average height of the buildings in the windward region affected the pedestrian thermal environment in the leeward region more than did the standard deviation of the building heights in the windward region. Furthermore, the correlations between the space-averaged air temperature and wind velocity at the pedestrian level were different in the windward and leeward regions. In the windward region, the correlation became negative, while a positive correlation was observed in the leeward region.
  • 尹 航, 大岡 龍三, 宿谷 昌則
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 425-432
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     The pump power reduction under part-load conditions significantly contributes to the improvement in the efficiency of HVAC systems, and the supply water temperature of a chilled water circuit may affect the heat transfer characteristics of heat-exchangers. In order to analyze the energy-saving effect of both pumps and the heat transfer performance of the terminal units at the same time, an exergy analysis of a chilled water circuit system with four variable-flow control strategies and two supply water temperatures were carried out from the viewpoint of exergy.
  • 中村 靖, 葛 隆生, 長野 克則
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 433-440
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     Field test of the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system applying variable water volume (VWV) control and multi-split heat pump has been carried out in order to demonstrate the effect of reduction of circulation pumps' electric power consumption. It was confirmed that the constant differential temperature control is practicable method as the VWV control method. As the result of field test, the GSHP system applying VWV control could reduce approximately 80 % of circulation pumps' electric power consumption compared to the GSHP system applying constant water volume. Seasonal performance factor of the GSHP system was 4.51 and this result achieved the target value of more than 4.5. During the heating operation, seasonal performance factor of the GSHP system was 3.61 and the value was higher than the one of conventional system. In addition, it was shown that the decrease of system COP of GSHP system using antifreeze solution as heat carrier fluid is less than 15 % compared to the one of GSHP system using water.
  • 住吉 大輔, 奥田 有規, 赤司 泰義, 尾崎 明仁, 渡辺 俊行
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 441-450
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     In this report, the optimized rated power output and the optimized hot water tank capacity of SOFC in accordance with the energy demand of collective housing are clarified. And authors proposed “the bathtub heat storage operation” and clarified its efficiency. The conclusions are as follows.
     1. The optimized rated power output related with the total annual demand of electric power and hot water supply. The optimized hot water tank capacity related with the heat-to-power ratio of demand.
     2. “The bathtub heat storage operation” was effective in the cases where the hot water tank capacity was less than 30L. It shows that it was possible to make the hot water tank for collective housing smaller without greatly lowering the energy saving efficiency of SOFC.
  • 池谷 直樹, 鄭 朱娟, 萩島 理, 谷本 潤
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 451-459
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     We have performed wind-tunnel experiments to measure velocity and scalar concentration profiles over urban-like roughness arrays and reveal important characteristics of scalar dispersion in the boundary layer over rough wall as follows. First, comparison of profiles reveals that the scalar concentration boundary layer depth reaches almost consistent depth of momentum boundary layer, meaning that scalar is passively transported or diffused in boundary layer. In addition, the development of the boundary layer is steeper than that of smooth surface. Secondly, aerodynamic parameters, such as roughness length and displacement height are determined for both momentum and scalar. It reveals that the roughness length of scalar is smaller than that of momentum by the order of 10-2 and can be well estimated by well-known scale-similarity model. Thirdly, roughness function of the momentum and scalar are determined and compared with several previous results. The roughness function of scalar for the present study lies between that of smooth and rough wall because of scale effect of scalar and decrease of Re number dependency.
  • 菊田 弘輝, 羽山 広文
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 461-469
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     The aim of this study is to clarify energy consumption structure on large-scale university campuses which have the vast amounts of land and buildings in cold regions where electricity demand and thermal demand are characteristic. Through this structure analysis, for the entire campus, the comparison among national universities based on environmental reports is performed, and the nationwide positioning and primary energy consumption characteristics of the target campus are grasped. Meanwhile, for individual departments, leveling rate and electrification rate are newly calculated in addition to multiple linear regression analysis based on electricity consumption and maximum demand power. Furthermore, the relationships among the departments according to cluster analysis are clarified.
  • 松永 健志, 久保田 徹, 西名 大作, ハンソン E. クスマ , ウセプ スラマン
    2015 年 80 巻 711 号 p. 471-480
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of this study is to determine factors affecting QOL among residents in major cities of Indonesia. A survey (n=236) was carried out in the city of Bandung from September to November 2012 for the above purpose, focusing especially on unplanned houses in Kampung. The results showed that approximately 60.1% of the respondents gave positive answers to their QOL on average. The result of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that ‘happiness’ including life satisfaction and QOL can be explained by the levels of ‘attachment for house and neighborhood’, ‘living environment’, ‘satisfaction for residence’ and ‘human relationship’, in particular. Further results implied that improvements of ‘human relationship’, ‘religion’, ‘cooperation in community’ and ‘living environment’ are the keys to achieve energy-saving objectives in these houses without disturbing the improvement of their QOL.
feedback
Top