日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
81 巻, 719 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1~14を表示しています
  • 西野 智研, 大橋 響, 北後 明彦
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 1-8
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     Tourists' attitude survey on post-earthquake fire evacuation was conducted on the street of densely-built historical area. In this survey, for collecting basic information available on the modeling of post-earthquake fire evacuation of tourists, we interviewed tourists about the following respects: (1) what type of evacuation behavior tourists take on, and (2) whether tourists follow evacuation guidance of local people or not. As a result, multinomial logit model and binomial logit model for predicting these respects were estimated based on the survey data.
  • 長野 和雄
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 9-17
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     This study quantifies the intensities of degree and frequency of Japanese common expressions that modify adverbially an inflectable word. The 107 and 111 college-aged subjects were asked to arrange 19 words of degree and 16 words of frequency in order of the intensity, respectively. The diagonal paired comparison test was also applied to both 21 degree words and 21 frequency words using 1210 and 1200 college-aged subjects. Based on the derived intensities and the investigation conducted by Oda in 1969, the valid usage of these expressions in order to analyze open-ended responses and to constitute an ordinal scale was discussed.
  • 店舗等の入りやすさ・入りづらさに関する評価構造の研究
    山本 杏子, 伊丹 弘美, 小島 隆矢
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 19-27
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     This study examines categorizing classification to location of shops which unease of entering or staying. The survey was carried out for place and reason, feeling which unease of entering or staying by recall method. The purpose of this paper is classify variations and consider methodology. The results are as followings:
     1) The variation is classify the situation, feelings in seven types and proved variety.
     2) Recall method is able to obtain obstructive factors of before entering and predict staying after entering.
     3) Evaluation structure of unease entering which consisting of a cognitive process, the concrete situation, feeling was proposed.
  • 冨髙 隆, 野島 僚子, 増田 潔
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 29-39
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     In this paper, the resonance of a double-layered ceiling and the effect of damping with granular materials were examined both experimentally and analytically. The experimental results show that the floor impact sound pressure level with granular materials on a double-layered ceiling is about 10 dB lower than without the materials in the 63 Hz octave band. Next, we suggest that the effect of damping by granular materials can be treated as an internal loss factor of double-layered ceiling materials from the results of the finite element method. The resultant prediction using this method corresponds to the measurement results.
  • 廣田 誠一, 田中 学, 村上 剛士, 平光 厚雄, 佐藤 洋, 佐藤 哲身
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 41-48
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     An experimental investigation was performed to understand the effect of the floor end and support leg position of a floating floor of a wooden floor on heavy-weight floor impact sound pressure levels.
     1. The comparison of differences in floor impact sound pressure levels of rigid edge joists and rubber isolator edge joists in the absence of a vent slit showed that the difference in the floor impact sound level in the case of the former is larger than that in the latter.
     2. Floor impact sound pressure level difference was increased when there is a vent slit of the baseboard.
     3. As far as the relationship of the driving-point impedance level of the base floor and floor impact sound level is concerned, the floor impact sound level remained almost unaffected by the difference in the driving-point impedance of the base floor in the 63 Hz and 125 Hz octave bands.
     4. When the position of the support leg of the floating floor was coincided with the base floor joist, the floor impact sound pressure level difference increased in the 250 Hz octave band and beyond.
  • 成島 雄一, 宗方 淳, 岩田 利枝, 谷口 智子, 望月 悦子
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 49-56
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     This study explores the transition of illuminance of Japanese office environment as well as subjective evaluation toward brightness by reviewing existing scientific literatures of over half century. In total 484 data of illuminance of actual office and 28 literatures which studied the relation of lighting environment and subjective evaluation were extracted. In the last over half century, the illuminance of office environment have been increasing along with the recommended level of illuminance of JIS. Before 1980s, the actual illuminance level of Japanese office was higher than the recommended level of JIS, and then it became to be settled on or less than the recommended level of JIS standard. The subjective evaluation of illuminance also have been changing since 1950s. Before 1970s, people satisfied lighting environment less than 300 lx, and people became to be unsatisfied of 300 lx after 1980s. On the other hand, illuminance level of 750 lx has been evaluated positive consistently since 1970s.
  • 松下 進, 三木 保弘, 上谷 芳昭
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 57-64
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     Both non-integrated type and integrated type exist in luminaires with LED or OLED. Since "Flux-unit method" in our previous report was applicable to only non-integrated type, we improved this method to adapt to integrated type by using calculation process of room's total luminaire luminous flux. Therefore, "Flux-unit method" with luminaire luminous flux has become a simple lighting design method that adapts to almost main lamps and luminaires used in the residential building. In this study, trial designs with this method were also executed.
  • 李 明 香 , 尾崎 明仁, 近本 智行
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 65-71
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     Recent building practice requires that buildings not only conserve energy but also provide a healthy and comfortable environment for the residents. However, most of the simulation software used to predict the temperature, humidity, and heating and cooling load of buildings does not take into account the human sensations under the non-uniform environment and contact thermal conductance such as the radiant heating and cooling system. A Heat, Air, and Moisture (HAM) simulation software, called THERB for HAM, has been developed for estimating the hygrothermal environment inside buildings. This software encompasses the complete set of HAM features, including the principles of moisture transfer within walls. The software can estimate the temperature, humidity, and the sensory index “COMSET*,” based on the hygrothermal balance of the human body, and the heating and cooling load for multiple-zone buildings and wall assemblies. The heat and moisture transfer models used in THERB, such as those for conduction, convection, radiation, and ventilation, are based on detailed phenomena describing the actual building physics. This paper highlights the features of the heat transfer models used for the detailed calculation of a hydronic floor-heating system. The accuracy of the calculations is verified by comparison with the monitoring results of a test house equipped with a hydronic floor-heating system. Furthermore, energy simulation for space heating and floor heating is performed to evaluate the energy conservation of both systems, based on the sensory index “COMSET*.”
  • 松尾 悠佑, 菊田 弘輝, 斉藤 雅也, 羽山 広文
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 73-82
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of the study is to examine whether wood burning stove and high performance passive ventilation house is well matched or not. It was found that room air temperature was controlled about 20 degree-C in the daytime and the concentration of CO2 is mostly kept under 1000 ppm, therefore it is supposed that the indoor environment is comfortable. Exergy and energy analysis was made to clarify detail mechanism to construct the thermal environment. As results of the analysis, it was shown that the wood burning stove supplies heat to the second floor with air circulation all day long because of the huge thermal storage. According to the exergy balance, 17% of the chemical exergy of firewood is input as the warm exergy into the room air. And 72% of input warm exergy were consumed within the room air. Its high exergy consumption was based on the convective and radiative heat transfers from the wood burning stove to compare to conventional underfloor electric thermal storage heating system.
  • 小林 知広, 近本 智行, 梅宮 典子, 長田 啓志
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 83-91
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     Monitor roofs can promote natural ventilation, but it is not easy to predict ventilation flow rate through a monitor roof because of its variable resistance depending upon a number of factors such as wind velocity, wind direction. To predict flow rate through monitor roof, its ventilation characteristic must be arranged in advance, which is expressed as a correlation between internal pressure and flow rate; i.e. p-Q curve. By using dimensionless ventilation characteristics obtained in the previous work, this paper focuses on the flow rate of realistic residential building under various meteorological conditions, which has almost never been evaluated before. This paper presents wind tunnel measurement to obtain Cp value, and calculation of annual ventilation flow rate based on simplified estimation method using ventilation characteristics. Assuming several cases of ventilation path aiming for ventilation or cross-ventilation, ventilation performance is evaluated.
  • 引違窓の開巾の連続測定法と開巾の年間特性
    林 基哉, 菅原 正則, 本間 義規, 倉渕 隆
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 93-100
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     One of the factors to influence the indoor air quality is dweller's habit of operating windows. An instrument to measure the open-width of sliding window was developed and the open-widths were measured in six detached houses through a year. The results are the followings.
     1. The open-width depends on the daily dweller's schedule and the indoor temperature.
     2. The open-width increases with the indoor temperature, but the time length of wind opening is short in the room with cooler.
     3. In the room which temperature is high, the room is cooled more frequently and the open-width becomes large when the window opens.
  • 池田 伸太郎, 大岡 龍三
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 101-110
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     Co-generation systems (CGS) and energy storage equipment, such as batteries and thermal energy storage (TES), have become increasingly important recently for improving energy efficiency and for adjusting or reducing peak loads of energy systems. However, optimization of operating schedules of such energy storage equipment is difficult due to its parameter dependency. In addition, a nonlinear characteristics of recent heat-source machines have made the problem more difficult. Therefore, we applied an efficient optimization method, εDE (epsilon constrained differential evolution) for single objective optimization, to minimize operating costs. Moreover, we proposed εMODE (epsilon constrained multi-objective differential evolution) to solve the complex trade-off problem (costs vs primaryenergy consumption). Each result showed that these methods could provide the optimum solution in a practical time, even if the problem had a lot of decision variables that were nonlinear. In particular, εMODE could carry out a lot of non-dominated solutions without concentrating on a certain position and generating dominated solutions.
  • 尹 晟 敏 , 佐土原 聡, 尾崎 明仁, 佐藤 裕一, 吉田 聡, 川瀬 誠
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 111-121
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     The underground thermal environment shows a complex structure that is affected by the topography, geological features, flow of underground water, rise in temperature from urbanization, the landcover composition and so on. In general, thermal temperature remains constant all year round at a certain depth from the ground surface. However, the results of actual measurement showed that the closer to the ground surface, the higher the annual temperature. This study, for the purpose of analyzing the causes of underground warming, calculated the underground temperature through numerical simulation. The study reviewed how changes in the landcover composition structure that forms the ground surface, the temperature rise from urbanization and flow of underground water affect underground temperature.
  • 橋達 大輔, 中島 裕輔
    2016 年 81 巻 719 号 p. 123-131
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2016/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     Reduced energy use and low carbon emissions by cities are important, and area-wide energy usage is an effective way to achieve these goals. District heating and cooling (DHC) is a typical form of area-wide energy usage. However, declining efficiency is a concern for heat source equipment that has been in operation for a long period of time. Therefore, facilities have to be updated or heat transfer has to be facilitated in order to make an existing DHC network more efficient.
     This study analyzed and evaluated how effectively the DHC network between the Nishi-Shinjuku 1-chome area and the Shinjuku Shin-toshin area reduced energy use.
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