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Article type: Cover
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1996
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Article type: Cover
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
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Article type: Index
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1996
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
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Yumiko SAWADA, Kwon YOUNG JIN, Yukio HAMA, Masayuki TABATA, Eiji KAMAD ...
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
1-6
Published: January 30, 1996
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The alkali-aggregate reaction and blast-furnace slag effect in high-strength concrete were studied in this paper. From the results of this study, it is possible to draw the following conclusions : (1) In high-strength concrete, because of high alkali content, the possibility of alkali-aggregate reaction is much higher than conventional concrete. (2) The occurrence of large expansion can be prevented by using nonreactive aggregate, which has been judged according to the mortar bar and chemical method's as specified in JIS A 5308, in high strength concrete. (3) The replacement of cement by 30% of blast-furnace slag and using low alkali cement can prevent the alkali-aggregate reaction from causing large expansion in high-strength concrete.
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Takayuki HIRAI, Kiyoshi MURAKAMI, Kazuhiro OGASAWARA, Hiroshi ABE
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
7-12
Published: January 30, 1996
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The effect of wind on the adhesive strength of mortar and tile set in mortar which were trowelled to concrete wall was examined by experiment. The adhesive strength of mortar trowelled to concrete wall decreased when the mortar was exposed to wind during its curing. Meanwhile the adhesive strength on the interface between tile and setting mortar did not decrease when the tile was exposed to wind.
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Hidenori ONO, Yuki MATSUMOTO, Kazumasa GOTOU, Kouichi KAGEYAMA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
13-21
Published: January 30, 1996
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This paper presents basic findings to establish a relative evaluation^method of floors and pavements from a viewpoint of slipperiness on braking a bicycle. First, the sensory scales of slipperiness were made by sensory test with various floors and a bicycle. Secondly, pulling loads of bicycle fixed each wheel were mesured in experiments. Then physical properties established on the basis of pulling loads in consideration of various factors were presented as evaluation index for corresponding to sensory scales. As a result, the relative evaluation method for slipperiness of floors and pavements on braking a bicycle was presented.
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Shinobu ISHIGAMI, Hirotake IKENAGA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
23-29
Published: January 30, 1996
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Through the examination of the effect of materials color on the evaluation of stains on external building walls, we got the following results, i) The materials color located in outline of color solid tends to stand out stains in case of soil or volcanic ashes as contamination. And the high lightness materials color tends to stand out stains in case of charcoal as contamination, ii) We can indicate physically the sence of stains with lightness difference between the stained material and the unstained one. And in case of charcoal as contamination, we can indicate more precisely sence of stains with multiple regression equation which use both ΔL^* and (Δa^<*2> + Δb^<*2>)^<1/2>.
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Tokiharu OHTA, Susumu OHNO
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
31-40
Published: January 30, 1996
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The purpose of this study is to estimate average characteristics of peak acceleration Amax, peak velocity Vmax, and response spectrum SA of strong motions in the near-source region with a wide range of earthquake magnitude. Attenuation relations are estimated by performing regression analysis on strong ground motions, which composed of records in California, Mexico and Chile, earthquake magnitude M of 5.9 to 7.9, and source-to site distance X of 4 km to about 300 km. Equivarent hypocentral distance Xeq is used in the regression analysis as X in order to take into account the effect of fault extension in the near-source region. The estimated regression coefficients are generally coincident with the results of the other studies on atteniation relation of strong motions including near-source data. It is found that Amax, Vmax and SA do not show the strong dependencies on M, when X are normalized by assumed fault radius R.
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Mika KANEKO, Yasuhiro HAYASHI
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
41-49
Published: January 30, 1996
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Overturning limit of rigid bodies is examined through shaking table tests and analyses using a Distinct Element Method (DEM). In this study, one simple model, one asymmetric model and three types of double models are used. In the experiments, the displacemant of the models is measured using image data processing. It is concluded that the limit acceleration for overturning of a rigid body which does not depend on conditions of input motions should be given by a static overturning acceleration of the model. And the limit acceleration of double rigid bodies can be also expressed by the static overturning acceleration of either the upper body or the united body which has a smaller ratio of width to height (b/h).
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Takahiro HAYASHI, Tatsunori MATSUMOTO, Kazuo YAMADA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
51-56
Published: January 30, 1996
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Comparable tests of a static load test (SLT) and a rapid load test called Statnamic (STN) on a PHC pile constructed in a gravel layer were carried out in 1993. A gas explosion pressure is applied to the pile head in the STN test without the use of reaction piles. The duration of the Statnamic loading event is approximately 100ms. The applied force and displacement are recorded at the pile head during the STN test. The velocity and acceleration of the pile head are derived from the measured displacement. Relatively large velocity and acceleration were observed in this particular STN test. The load-displacement curve directly measured in the STN test was deviated from that obtained from the SLT. Dynamic effects due to inertial force of the pile body and penetration dependent force were adjusted by means of an interpretation method, unloading point method, of the STN test. Thus derived load-displacement curve was comparable with the SLT curve. Axial force distributions in the SLT and the STN test were also very similar.
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Syouzou WADA, Makoto KOUDA, Akira ENAMI
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
57-65
Published: January 30, 1996
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The tests of the earth pressure against a cantilever retaining wall subsiding without slide were performed with dry sand. The program of the tests included the following series. Test 1 - The toe of the wall subsiding around the heel of the wall. Test 2 - The heel of the wall subsiding around the toe of the wall. Test 3 - The base of the wall subsiding uniformly. The following properties became evident after examining. (1) The settlement has large effects upon the earth pressure. (2) The earth pressure is affected by the conditions of the settlement of ground.
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Yoshinao CHIBA, Shiro KATO
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
67-76
Published: January 30, 1996
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The main aim of this paper is to present several "elastic-plastic buckling strength" of uniformly pressurized perfect and imperfect steel spherical caps by using F. E. M. with updated Lagrangian Jaumann stress (corotational stress) rate formulation. Numerical examples include asymmetrically imperfect caps. Through parametric studies, the elastic-plastic buckling characteristics, especially stress distributions and yieldings are also illustrated. Numerical results are normalized and plotted against slenderness parameters. The knockdown factors are also examined by giving inward dimple type imperfections and asymmetric pieshaped imperfections. A comparison is made, in view of buckling stresses, with the values given by buckling strength curves in the codes and with past experimental and analytical results.
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Noboru NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
77-82
Published: January 30, 1996
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Strength distribution models and specified values of bending strength of the structural lumbers used for conventional construction were analyzed. And the relationships between reliability indexes (β) and performance factors (φ) were obtained at ultimate limit states. The results are summarized as follows : (1) Second Moment Method should not be used to get reliability levels, because the structural lumbers in some grades have high variability in their strength. (2) For roof beams, φ = 1.0 should be used for solid sawn visually graded lumbers in the Japanese Agricultural Standard for Lumbers and the Japanese Agricultural Standard for Softwood Structural Lumbers, but φ = 0.95 should be used for solid sawn mechanicaly graded lumbers in the latter Japanese Agricultural Standard in order to get the same reliability levels as steel structures and 2x4 wood frame structures. Similarly in case of floor beams, φ = 1.0 should be used for solid sawn structural lumbers in every Japanese Agricultural Standard.
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Koji OGAWA, Yoshiaki KUROBANE, Akio KADONO
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
83-92
Published: January 30, 1996
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This paper first discusses the general features of distributions of damages in multi-story frames under strong ground motions based on numerical response analyses of shear-type lumped mass models. A basic law that governs distributions of damages is then determined by using seismic load distributions expressed in terms of the second joint moments of story shear forces. The results of response analyses show that, as the strength of a story in a multi-story frame decreases, the damage in that weak story increases sharply while the damages in the other stories close to the weak story decrease suddenly. The proposed damage distribution law captures well these tendencies.
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Toshiro SUZUKI, Toshiyuki OGAWA, Tomotaka OGASAWARA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
93-99
Published: January 30, 1996
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This paper describes the compressive deformation behavior of tubes with outer constraints by thin tubes. Pure compression is applied only on the inner main tube and this tube is unilaterally constrained by outer stiffening tubes. As a parameter, we consider the thickness of stiffening tubes. The results obtained from stub column test and finite element analysis are as follows. The outer stiffening effect is more effective as the thickness of the stiffening tube is thicker. However, in the case of thinner outer tube, the outer stiffening effect becomes to be effective by using higher yield strength of the outer tube.
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Takako KANDA, Weijun WU, Yasuo DOI, Yasunaga FUKUCHI
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
101-108
Published: January 30, 1996
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Experiments on the strength of SRC beams with openings are described in this paper. The results are : 1) reinforcing effect of sleeve pipe is large but that of stirrups is small, 2) the shearing strength in bending-shearing test decrease according to the magnitude of bending moment and 3) bending strength is presumed by superposed strength theory. A method to estimate the strength is proposed based on these resuls.
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Toshiyuki FUKUMOTO, Hajime KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
109-118
Published: January 30, 1996
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Tensile loading tests have been carried out to determine the local behavior of a connection between high-strength concrete-filled square tubular steel column and steel beam, reinforced with an internal diaphragm. The diaphragm has a large polygonal opening to improve concrete placement into the connection. Test results show that the diaphragm functions as a load-resisting mechanism like a brace, and that the connection's strength vary with opening shape and beam width. The load-displacement relationships can be approximated by an analysis that assumes a tri-linear-type model for the steel tube and the diaphragm.
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Mitsuru URYU, Takao NISHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
119-128
Published: January 30, 1996
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In this paper, we are examining from both sides of theory and experiment about the horizontal and the vertical mechanical characteristics of Base-isolated Rubber Bearings, from tensile to high-compressive stress condition (-20〜300kg/cm^2). First of all, we propose the theoretical expression of the horizontal stiffness under tensile condition based on the Haringx's theory. Next, we propose the theoretical expression of the total compressive (or the total tensile) stiffness under shear deformation, by solving eqation of the strain energy of Rubber Bearings. In addition, we carried out experiments using small and actual size of Rubber Bearings those diameters were 7, 16, 25, 50 and 80cm respectively. The results of experiments show that we can express the horizontal stiffness under tensile stress, and the vertical deformation under shear deformation, by these proposing expressions. After all, we get the relation between compressive (or tensile) stress and ultimate shear strain by using the proposing expressions of the total compressive (or the total tensile) stiffness.
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Hideki UESUGI, Shinsuke KURAMOTO, Satoshi KUNII, Sigeru MIZUGUCHI, Hik ...
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
129-138
Published: January 30, 1996
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In recent years, parallel wire strand (P. W. S.) cables made of comparatively thick 7mm-diameter steel wires have been developed and frequently used as tensile members of suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges. The P. W. S. cables are anchored with button head and soket systems. For the sake of utilization of the P. W. S. cables in architectural structures, proof-tests of fire resistance are essentially requested. This paper reports their fire resistance characteristics of load-deformation and rupture load capacities at elevated temperature and further rupture load and fatigue capacities of the P. W. S. cables which are cooled after at elevated temperature and loaded.
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Koichi MASUDA, Hiroyuki OSAWA, Shotaro KATAYAMA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
139-145
Published: January 30, 1996
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The present paper examined the influence of various mooring systems and forms on the response of relaxation moored floating type oceanic architectural building in coastal zone. On the evaluation of response, the numerical simulation that have been presented at 1st Report was applied. Four different types of mooring system were considered. The model A is the linear mooring system. The model B is moored to radiant. The model C is the crossed mooring chain. The model D have the chain with intermediate sinker. The response of these models were calculated systematically and compared. As a result, the influence of mooring systems and forms on response was made clear.
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1996
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Article type: Cover
1996 Volume 61 Issue 479 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1996
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